Programming preparation_stepping Algorithm
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This document discusses fundamentals of programming including how a computer works through its machine cycle. It outlines the steps to solve a computer-based problem: 1) Analyze the problem, 2) Design a solution using an algorithm expressed in pseudocode, 3) Code/enter the program, and 4) Test the program. An example algorithm for converting Fahrenheit to Centigrade is provided. Algorithms use stepping, looping, or choosing to represent the logical steps, and pseudocode expresses algorithms in English statements.
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Blocks are indicated with matching braces { and }.
An identifier begins with a letter. The data types of variables are not explicitly declared.
node= record
{
data type 1 data 1;
data type n data n;
node *link;
}
4. There are two Boolean values TRUE and FALSE.
Logical Operators
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Relational Operators
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CSC1100 - Chapter12 - Flow Charts
Here is a flowchart to calculate bonus for an employee based on their annual hours worked:
Start
Declare variables:
AnnualHours, Bonus
Get AnnualHours
AnnualHours < 2000
True
Bonus = RM500
False
AnnualHours >= 2000
and <= 2499
True
Bonus = RM500 + 1 month salary
False
Bonus = RM500 + 2 months salary
Display Bonus
Stop
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Programming preparation_stepping Algorithm
- 1. FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING PREPARATION
- 2. COMPUTER WORKS? Machine Cycle Programming- process of giving instruction Program – instructions provided
- 3. STEPS IN SOLVING COMPUTER BASED- PROGRAM 1. ANALYSE THE PROBLEM 2. DESIGN A SOLUTION / PROGRAM 3. CODE/ENTER THE PROGRAM 4. TEST THE PROGRAM
- 4. STEPS IN SOLVING COMPUTER BASED-PROGRAM DESIGN A SOLUTION/PROGRAM 1. ALGORITHM 2. PSEUDOCODE
- 5. PROBLEM: To change the temperature in Fahrenheit to Centigrade. ALGORITHM: PSEUDOCODE: 1. subtract 32 1. Subtract the Value of F 2. multiply the result in to 32. (1) by 5 2. Then Multiply the answer by 5 3. divide the result in (2) 3. Next is divide the by 9 result by 9 to get the 4. write down the value of Centigrade answer.
- 6. STEPS IN SOLVING COMPUTER BASED-PROGRAM DESIGN A SOLUTION/PROGRAM Algorithm A step-by-step set of instructions for solving a problem in a limited number of steps. The instructions for each step are exact and precise and can be carried out by a computer. A logical procedure or set of steps to be followed to arrive at a solution to a problem. gives a solution to a particular problem
- 7. EXAMPLE OF ALGORITHM PROBLEM: Find the sum of two numbers ALGORITHM: 1. Add the two numbers together 2. Write down the answer.
- 8. EXAMPLE OF ALGORITHM PROBLEM: To change the temperature in Fahrenheit to Centigrade. ALGORITHM: C = (F - 32) * 5/9 1. subtract 32 2. multiply the result in (1) by 5 3. divide the result in (2) by 9 4. write down the answer.
- 9. STEPS IN SOLVING COMPUTER BASED-PROGRAM Pseudocode an algorithm in English statements in an outline form. is one of the methods that could be used to represent an algorithm
- 10. THREE METHODS USED IN CREATING AN ALGORITHM STEPPING, LOOPING & CHOOSING STEPPING This is where all the instructions needed to solve our problem are set out one after the other.
- 11. EXAMPLE OF ALGORITHM PROBLEM: Find the average of four numbers ALGORITHM: 1. Add the four numbers 2. Divide the result by 4 to get the average. 3. Write down the answer