This document discusses programming fundamentals and decision making in programs. It provides examples of programs that make decisions based on conditions. The first example determines if a student passed or failed based on marks in two subjects and GPA. The second example determines if a student receives a grade of A based on total marks and GPA. Further examples are provided to determine car type based on price and engine size, and display name based on student roll number. The document concludes with tasks for readers to design programs to display city names from codes and calculate base pay from annual salary and pay type.

1. Instructor : Muhammad HarisAll Rights Reserved to Department of Computer Science – GCU Lahore
Programming Fundamentals

2. Consider this Example
 Determine status of a Student from
marks of two of his subjects and his
GPA
If either the marks for both of the subjects
are greater than 40 or GPA is greater than
2, he’s considered passed
Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 2

3. Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 3
START
READ m1, m2, GPA
DISPLAY “Passed”
STOP
(m1 > 40 AND m2 > 40)
OR GPA > 2
YesNo
DISPLAY “Failed”

4. Another Example
 Determine whether a student has got
Grade A from his total marks and his
GPA
If marks are greater than 80 and less than
90 OR GPA is greater than 3.7 and less 3.8,
he will be graded as “A”
Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 4

5. Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 5
START
READ tm, GPA
DISPLAY “A”
STOP
(tm > 80 AND tm < 90)
OR
(GPA > 3.7 AND GPA < 3.8)
YesNo
DISPLAY “Other than A”

6. Try this Yourself
 Determine whether a car is of mid-size
type or not from its price (in millions) and
engine capacity (in cc)
If price is between 1 million and 2 million or
if engine capacity is between 1000 and
1500, a car is considered to be a mid-size
car
Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 6

7. Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 7
Decision Box Yes No
> > <=
< < >=
== == !=
!= != ==
<= <= >
>= >= <
Operator Opposite
> <=
< >=
== !=
!= ==
<= >
>= <

8. Decision leading to Decisions
 In real-world problems, it frequently
happens that result of a decision leads
to further decision making
 This way computer programs prove to
be much more useful
Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 8

9. Consider this Example
 For two numbers, do the following
If second number is greater than 0
○ Divide them
If second number is less than 0
○ Multiply them
If second number is equal to 0
○ Add them
Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 9

10. Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 10
START
READ num1, num2
DISPLAY ans
STOP
ans = num1 / num2
num2 > 0
YesNo
num2 < 0
ans = num1 * num2ans = num1 +num2
<= >
Yes
<
No
==

11. Another Example
 For given roll number of a student,
display his name
Assume that there are only three students
(first three roll numbers of your section)
Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 11

12. Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 12
START
READ rollNo
DISPLAY “Ali”
STOP
rollNo == 2
YesNo
!= ==
Yes
<No
rollNo == 4
rollNo == 8
DISPLAY
“Rehman”
DISPLAY
“Hassan”
DISPLAY “No
Such Student”
YesNo

13. Try this Yourself
 For given day number of the week,
display the corresponding day
Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 13
Day Number Week Day
1 Monday
2 Tuesday
3 Wednesday
4 Thursday

14. Tasks (to be done by next lecture)
 Display the name of a city against given
city code
Design your solution for 4-5 cities only
 Calculate base pay from given annual
salary and pay type
Base pay = salary / Dividing Factor
Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 14
Pay type Description Dividing Factor
1 Weekly 52
2 Bi-monthly 24
3 Monthly 12

15. Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 15
BE PREPARED
FOR
QUIZ
IN
NEXT LECTURE