This document summarizes downstream processing steps in bioprocessing. It discusses various unit operations used for product recovery including cell removal, dewatering, protein purification through adsorption chromatography or immobilization, and protein packaging through sterilization. Methods for solid separation like filtration, sedimentation, centrifugation and foam separation are described. The document also provides details on precipitation, filtration processes, and different types of filters used.

1. SEMINAR
ANKUSH MEENA
B100974CH
DEPATMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT
12/03/2014

2.  The Product recovery operation are also known as
downstream processing steps.
 Product recovery in bioprocessing plays a vital role.

3.  Downstream- ‘After the fermentation process’.
 Primary ‘unit operations’ of Downstream
Processing
 Cell recovery /removal
 Dewatering

4.  Secondary ‘unit operations’
 Protein purification
 Adsorption chromatography
 Protein processing
 Immobilisation
 Prilling
 Protein packaging
 Sterilisation etc

5. The cell disruption techniques may be classified as
• Physical method
• Chemical method

6. The following unit operations are used for the separation
of solids :
• Filtration
• Sedimentation
• Centrifugation
• Foam Separation
• Precipitation

7. System Type With phase
change
Without phase
change
Solid-liquid Soluble Drying,
Evaporation,
Adsorption
Ultrafiltration,
Reverse osmosis
Insoluble Drying Filtration,
Sedimentation ,
Liquid-liquid Soluble Distillation Chromatography
Insoluble Extraction Centrifugation
Solid-solid immiscible Selective
Solubilisation
Air Separation
Screening
sievingMiscible Cell disruption
Liquid-liquid-solid Miscible
Immiscible
Adsorption Centrifugation
Sedimentation
Decanting

8.  It is based on the differences in the surface activity.
 It is chemical process of removing a component of a
liquid mixture using a bubbled gas and a surfactant to
collect the material.
 Wastewater treatment systems often use foam
separation steps to remove solids from the water
stream.

10.  It is also a very useful method for product recovery by
adding the precipitation agent .
 The compounds from the corresponding salts or the
suspending solids which would settle down to the
bottom.
 This method is extensively used for product recovery
of protein isolates or protein concentrates from oil
seeds

11.  Filtration is a physical or mechanical process to
separate solids particle from fluids.
 Filtration is a technique used for two main purposes.
 The first is to remove solid impurities from a liquid.
 The second is to collect a desired solid from the
solution.
 It is a very effective and convenient method of
separating the suspending solids from the slurries .
 The fluid that pass through is called a filtrate.

13.  Filtration is used to separate particles and fluid in a
suspension, where the fluid can be a liquid, a gas or
a supercritical fluid.
 Filtration, as a physical operation is very important in
chemistry for the separation of materials of different
chemical composition.
 Filtration is also important and widely used as one of
the unit operations of chemical engineering.

14.  pressure drop
Viscosity of filtrate
Area of filtering surface
Resistance of filtrate cake
Resistance of filtrate surface
Properties of slurry

15. Filters are divided into three main categories
1. Cake filters
2. Clarifying filters
3. Cross-flow filters

16.  Slurries with high solid concentration are operated in
cake filters.
 Very dilute liquids are passed through the clarifying
filters.
 The cross-flow filters are used for concentrating the
solutions by using filtration technique.

18. Thank you