The document summarizes the stages of a product's life cycle: introduction, growth, maturity, saturation, and decline. It notes that during the introduction stage, sales are slow but marketing costs are high, leading to little or no profit. In the growth stage, sales and profits increase as the company tries to maximize market share. During maturity and saturation, sales peak and then decline while profits also start declining. Finally, in the decline stage both sales and profits decrease. The document also lists strategies companies use at each stage, such as pricing and advertising approaches, as well as factors that can affect a product's life cycle.

1. Product Life Cycle
Sri Venkataramana Swamy
College Bantwal
III.B.com A-Batch

2. Contents:
• Product Life Cycle (PLC)
• PLC Stages
o Introduction
o Growth
o Maturity
o Saturation
o Decline

3. Product Life Cycle
Every product has its life. Industrial goods
may have a longer life than consumer goods.
Products, like human beings, have length of
life, known as Product Life Cycle (PLC).
In the words of Philip Kotler, “ The Product life
cycle is an attempt to recognise distinct stages
in the sales history of the product”.

4. Introduction Stage
In the introduction stage, initial sales growth is slow, but
marketing & promotional expenses are high, leading to negative or
no profit. The Company tries to create product awareness and
induces trial for the product.

5. Growth Stage
In the growth stage, sales starts picking up, leading to rising
profits. The company tries to maximize market share,
resulting in increase in profits.

6. Maturity & Saturation Stage
Sales reach to its peak in this stage and then it starts declining.
Profit also starts declining. At the end of the stage, the company
struggles to keep its market share intact.

7. Declining Stage
In the decline stage, sales as well as profit goes down.

10. Strategies
Introduction Growth Maturity Decline
Product Offer a basic
product
Offer product
extensions,
service,
warranty
Diversify brands
and item
models
Phase out weak
product
Price Charge cost plus Price to
penetrate
market
Price to match
competition
Cut price
Distribution Build selective
distribution
Build intensive
distribution
Build more
intensive
distribution
Phase out
unprofitable
outlets
Advertising Build product
awareness among
early adopters &
dealers
Build awareness
& interest in the
mass market
Stress brand
differences and
benefits
Reduce to retain
hardcore loyals
Sales
Promotion
Use heavy sales
promotion
Reduce to take
advantage
Increase to
encourage
brand switching
Reduce to
minimal level

11. Factors affecting the Life Cycle of a
Product
• Rate of technical change
• Rate of market / customer acceptance
• Ease of competitive entry
• Risk bearing capacity of the enterprise
• Economic & managerial forces of the
enterprise
• Protection by patents
• Goodwill or image of the enterprise

12. Thank you