This document outlines the procedure for hazard identification and risk assessment at wastewater treatment plants in Saudi Arabia. It begins with identifying potential hazards using a checklist. A risk assessment team then evaluates the severity and probability of each hazard to determine the level of risk. Risks are prioritized and controls are identified. Behavior-based safety is also considered to analyze worker behaviors. The overall aim is to build a systematic process for identifying and managing risks to improve occupational health and safety.
10 Use of Mobile Concrete Pump Risk Assessment Templates
Concrete Pump checks on arrival to site
PRIOR TO SITE ACCESS
Access of mobile pump and delivery trucks to work areas
Siting and setting up of concrete pump
Pumping concrete
(Pump Operator)
Pumping operation supervision
Project Name: xxx
RA Ref No.: xxx
RA compilation Date: Review date:
Date:
Compiled by:
Reviewed by:
Approved by:
Overall Task Details
Temporary Falsework for formwork support. Classed as Temporary Works Relevant Applicable MAS:
• 01411 – MEWP’s;
• 00236 - Housekeeping Additional Training required:
Temporary Works Coordinator to be designated NOC’s Required for task:
RISK SCORE CALCULATOR
Use the Risk Score Calculator to Determine the Level of Risk of each Hazard
What would be the
CONSEQUENCE
of an occurrence be? What is the LIKELIHOOD of an occurrence? Hierarchy of Controls
Frequent/Almost certain (5)
Continuous or will happen frequently Often (4)
6 to 12 times a year Likely (3)
1 to 5 times a year Possible (2)
Once every 5 years Rarely (1)
Less than once every 5 years Can the hazard be Eliminated or removed from the work place?
Catastrophic (5)
Multiple Fatalities High 25 High 20 High 15 Medium 10 Medium 5 Can the product or process be substituted for a less hazardous alternative?
Serious (4)
Class 1 single fatality High 20 High 16 High 12 Medium 8 Low 4 Can the hazard be engineered away with guards or barriers?
Moderate (3)
Class2 (AWI or LTI) or Class 1 Permanently disabling effects High 15 High 12 Medium 9 Medium 6 Low 3 Can Administration Controls be adopted
I.e. procedures, job rotation etc.
Minor (2)
Medical attention needed, no work restrictions. MTI Medium10 Medium 8 Medium 6 Low 4 Low 2 Can Personal Protective Equipment & Clothing be worn to safe guard against hazards?
Insignificant (1)
FAI Medium10 Medium 4 Low 3 Low 2 Low 1
No Specific Task Step
(In sequence of works) Hazard Details Consequence/Risk Initial Risk Rating Control Measures Residual Risks Additional Control Measures RR
P S RR
1 Access to work areas by personnel and plant.
Material delivery to work area;
• Vehicles and workers in same working area;
• Storage of materials for falsework;
• Use of plant – forklift etc.; • Collision with plant or vehicles and live traffic;ac
• Workers struck by plant, very high risk of fatality;
• Workers struck by plant;
• Poor or unsafe storage, collapse;
• Untrained operators; 4 5 20
HIGH i. Worker pedestrian routes to be designed and implemented with clear signage;
ii. Instruction to workers at induction on use of access routes around the project;
iii. All plant and operators to be Third Party certificated by approved body;
iv. Flagmen to be used to control personnel (only on roads below 80kph);
v. Falsework materials stored correctly, no more than 2 pallets high and banded together when transporting;
vi. In traffic enclosed areas suitable welfare and first aid facilities shall be implemented to minimized worker movements;
vii. The Logistics plan shall clearly illustrate access and egress points; Workers not complying with controls All supervision to monitor operation;
Regular topic in TBT’s Low
2 Use of powered access equipment for assembly of false-work (if required) • Use of MEWP
(Mobile Elevated
10 Use of Mobile Concrete Pump Risk Assessment Templates
Concrete Pump checks on arrival to site
PRIOR TO SITE ACCESS
Access of mobile pump and delivery trucks to work areas
Siting and setting up of concrete pump
Pumping concrete
(Pump Operator)
Pumping operation supervision
Project Name: xxx
RA Ref No.: xxx
RA compilation Date: Review date:
Date:
Compiled by:
Reviewed by:
Approved by:
Overall Task Details
Temporary Falsework for formwork support. Classed as Temporary Works Relevant Applicable MAS:
• 01411 – MEWP’s;
• 00236 - Housekeeping Additional Training required:
Temporary Works Coordinator to be designated NOC’s Required for task:
RISK SCORE CALCULATOR
Use the Risk Score Calculator to Determine the Level of Risk of each Hazard
What would be the
CONSEQUENCE
of an occurrence be? What is the LIKELIHOOD of an occurrence? Hierarchy of Controls
Frequent/Almost certain (5)
Continuous or will happen frequently Often (4)
6 to 12 times a year Likely (3)
1 to 5 times a year Possible (2)
Once every 5 years Rarely (1)
Less than once every 5 years Can the hazard be Eliminated or removed from the work place?
Catastrophic (5)
Multiple Fatalities High 25 High 20 High 15 Medium 10 Medium 5 Can the product or process be substituted for a less hazardous alternative?
Serious (4)
Class 1 single fatality High 20 High 16 High 12 Medium 8 Low 4 Can the hazard be engineered away with guards or barriers?
Moderate (3)
Class2 (AWI or LTI) or Class 1 Permanently disabling effects High 15 High 12 Medium 9 Medium 6 Low 3 Can Administration Controls be adopted
I.e. procedures, job rotation etc.
Minor (2)
Medical attention needed, no work restrictions. MTI Medium10 Medium 8 Medium 6 Low 4 Low 2 Can Personal Protective Equipment & Clothing be worn to safe guard against hazards?
Insignificant (1)
FAI Medium10 Medium 4 Low 3 Low 2 Low 1
No Specific Task Step
(In sequence of works) Hazard Details Consequence/Risk Initial Risk Rating Control Measures Residual Risks Additional Control Measures RR
P S RR
1 Access to work areas by personnel and plant.
Material delivery to work area;
• Vehicles and workers in same working area;
• Storage of materials for falsework;
• Use of plant – forklift etc.; • Collision with plant or vehicles and live traffic;ac
• Workers struck by plant, very high risk of fatality;
• Workers struck by plant;
• Poor or unsafe storage, collapse;
• Untrained operators; 4 5 20
HIGH i. Worker pedestrian routes to be designed and implemented with clear signage;
ii. Instruction to workers at induction on use of access routes around the project;
iii. All plant and operators to be Third Party certificated by approved body;
iv. Flagmen to be used to control personnel (only on roads below 80kph);
v. Falsework materials stored correctly, no more than 2 pallets high and banded together when transporting;
vi. In traffic enclosed areas suitable welfare and first aid facilities shall be implemented to minimized worker movements;
vii. The Logistics plan shall clearly illustrate access and egress points; Workers not complying with controls All supervision to monitor operation;
Regular topic in TBT’s Low
2 Use of powered access equipment for assembly of false-work (if required) • Use of MEWP
(Mobile Elevated
Is your safety audit process stale with the organization's business plan?
Avoid the common pitfalls that derail most safety audits.
Identify policies and conditions that cause loss and incidents with the examples here in this presentation.
Build the necessary elements of the written audit document.
Author John Newquist has worked with several of the Fortune 500 companies in auditing safety management systems and best practices to prevent injuries and losses for the last 30 years. This was one session presented in a day long seminar in June 2013.
16 Scaffolding (Temporary Works) Risk Assessment Templates
Access to work areas by personnel and plant.
Scaffold Material delivery to work area;
Scaffold design and erection standards
(Classified as Temporary Structure)
Scaffold erection
(Classified as Temporary Structure)
Dismantling of scaffold
Maintenance of Scaffold
Worker exposure to direct sun whist working on scaffold
(as applicable)
Hazardous energy isolation training presentation suited to heavy industry fixed and mobile plant applications. Mining industry Processing Plant specific.
Safety in your company is a top priority, have you completed a process hazard analysis recently? When you complete a thorough PHA it improves safety, benefits your employees, streamlines the process and boosts your bottom line. In this slideshow, you can learn more about what a Process Hazard Analysis is, how it is completed properly and what to do with that information.
The health and safety in the workplace are designed to create the awareness of key health and safety issues found in the workplace as well as the role you will play in ensuring yours as well as other’s safety. The program offers the skills and knowledge required to start a career in the field of health and safety.
21 Confined Space Working Risk Assessment Templates
Planned confined space work in areas where live services may be present including:
• Water;
• Sewerage;
• Gas;
PRIOR TO ENTRY
Confined space working –
• Deep excavations;
• Tanks;
• Vessels;
• Manholes;
• NDRC pits;
• Bridge decks;
• Pipework;
• Sewerage;
• Lift shafts;
• Ducting;
• Etc.
Is your safety audit process stale with the organization's business plan?
Avoid the common pitfalls that derail most safety audits.
Identify policies and conditions that cause loss and incidents with the examples here in this presentation.
Build the necessary elements of the written audit document.
Author John Newquist has worked with several of the Fortune 500 companies in auditing safety management systems and best practices to prevent injuries and losses for the last 30 years. This was one session presented in a day long seminar in June 2013.
16 Scaffolding (Temporary Works) Risk Assessment Templates
Access to work areas by personnel and plant.
Scaffold Material delivery to work area;
Scaffold design and erection standards
(Classified as Temporary Structure)
Scaffold erection
(Classified as Temporary Structure)
Dismantling of scaffold
Maintenance of Scaffold
Worker exposure to direct sun whist working on scaffold
(as applicable)
Hazardous energy isolation training presentation suited to heavy industry fixed and mobile plant applications. Mining industry Processing Plant specific.
Safety in your company is a top priority, have you completed a process hazard analysis recently? When you complete a thorough PHA it improves safety, benefits your employees, streamlines the process and boosts your bottom line. In this slideshow, you can learn more about what a Process Hazard Analysis is, how it is completed properly and what to do with that information.
The health and safety in the workplace are designed to create the awareness of key health and safety issues found in the workplace as well as the role you will play in ensuring yours as well as other’s safety. The program offers the skills and knowledge required to start a career in the field of health and safety.
21 Confined Space Working Risk Assessment Templates
Planned confined space work in areas where live services may be present including:
• Water;
• Sewerage;
• Gas;
PRIOR TO ENTRY
Confined space working –
• Deep excavations;
• Tanks;
• Vessels;
• Manholes;
• NDRC pits;
• Bridge decks;
• Pipework;
• Sewerage;
• Lift shafts;
• Ducting;
• Etc.
Knowledge Based System (Expert System) : Equipment Safety Control & ManagementAmr El-Ganainy
The project builds a demo version of an Expert System used to Provide primary information for Industrial Equipment Safety Control & Management, The system was built using ExsysCORVID software and based on standards provided by OSHA, NIOSH & WHO.
In this presentation, Director/Principal Consulting Engineer, Damian Connelly provided a concise overview of the health and safety hazards associated with working in a process plant. The legal responsibilities of design and duties of care were explored, alongside the guidelines for safe products and systems, with a view to demonstrate the importance of safety and risk analysis in design
Similar to Procedure for Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Wastewater Treatment Planting Saudi Arabia (20)
Efforts made in many countries to stop the COVID-19 pandemic include vaccinations. However,
public skepticism about vaccines is a pressing issue for health authorities. With the COVID-19 vaccine
available,
SARS-CoV-2, as the causative agent of COVID-19, has spread throughout the world after becoming
a pandemic in March 2020. In the midst of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we are also faced with another
serious health problem
This paper discusses the construction and implementation of a system for the measurement of
electrical power parameters; amperage and voltage of the hybrid system photovoltaic solar-wind, to evaluate
the system parameters and performance. The basis of the development of the measuring apparatus is the use of
an Arduino Mega 2560 to provide the interface between the electrical circuits of the sensors and the dynamics
of the voltage-amperage as well as collect data in an analog format as well as development of functional
dependence relationships. The collected data is converted into digital format and stored it in an Excel format
through the "PLX-DAQ Spreadsheet" that connects the Arduino and the PC for display and analysis of the
system parameters. The proposed technique for power measurements of AC and DC proved to be reliable and
can predict the power amperage and voltage within relative error of 1.63 % for AC and 4.16% for DC,
respectively.
The optimum speed required for mass-size reduction of shells to produce most sizes that are small
comparable with kernel sizes; coupled with retention of kernel wholeness in cracked palm nut mixture under
repeated impact was investigated. This is to enhance whole kernel separation by dry method, reduce maintenance
and production cost of palm kernel oil (PK0); and lower the risk of oil rancidity associated with split kernel
production and wet method of separation. A static nut cracker and centrifugal nut cracker were used in this study as
Test Rigs while sieves were used to grade cracked shells and whole kernels. The data generated were evaluated. A
model was developed for energy via speed required to retain kernels wholeness following repeated impact in the
crackers. Technical analysis revealed that the maximum allowable speed to retain kernel wholeness is 27.93 m/s;
the minimum allowable average speed to fragment cracked shells is 24.95 m/s. Further analysis showed that the
optimum speed and energy required for cracked nut mixture under repeated impact to have kernel wholeness
retention and production of small sizes of cracked shells relative to kernel sizes are 25.71 m/s and 0.4 J,
respectively.
This review was written to provide a comprehensive summary of the suggested etiologies of Chronic Kidney
Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. In this review, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is explained
in detail and its known etiologies are discussed. CKDu is defined and its epidemiology is discussed, with the
compilation of statistic from over 15 research papers through the years 2000 to present.
This work contributes to the monitoring of water pollution of some selected Dams in Katsina
State, North western Nigeria by assessing the degree of heavy metal pollution in the Dams sediment samples.
The study was conducted in the year 2017 within some selected Dams in the State (Ajiwa, Zobe,
Sabke/Dannakola) that are beehives of fishing and Agricultural activities in Katsina State. Analysis for the
concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. Several indices were used to assess the metal contamination
levels in the sediment samples, namely; Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF),
Contamination Factor (CF), Degree of Contamination (Cd), Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Potential
Ecological Risk Index (PERI). The result of this study has shown that generally among the heavy metals
evaluated, the highest concentration was observed for Fe (range: 2.6718-4.2830 ppm), followed by Zn (range:
0.4265-0.7376 ppm), Cr (range: 0.1106-0.1836 ppm), Cd (range: 0.1333-0.1273 ppm) and Mn (range: 0.1136-
0.1271 ppm). While Pb has the lowest concentration (range: 0.0472-0.0598 ppm). For all the site sampled the
heavy metal Ni was below detection level (BDL). From the results of heavy metals I-geo values, according to
Muller’s classification, all the sediment samples from the selected dams were unpolluted (class 0). The result for
the enrichment factor has shown that for all the selected dam sediment samples the heavy metals show
deficiency to minimal enrichment. Also based on the contamination factors for all sediment samples the heavy
metal Cd has a CF values range of 0.5430-0.6665 (~1), indicating that the sediment samples are moderately
contaminated with Cd. In contrast, the rest of the heavy metals exhibit low contamination in general. The value
of PLI ranges from 0.2408 to 0.4935, indicating unpolluted to moderate pollution. The Eri values for all
samples are all < 40, presenting low ecological risk. The results suggest that the sediment samples from the
selected dams in Katsina state has low contamination by the heavy metals evaluated.
Using QR Decomposition to calculate the sum of squares of a model has a limitation that the number of rows,
which is also the number of observations or responses, has to be greater than the total number of parameters used in the
model. The main goal in the experimental design model, as a part of the Linear Model, is to analyze the estimable function
of the parameters used in the model. In order not to deal with generalized invers, partitioned design matrix may be used
instead. This partitioned design matrix method may be used to calculate the sum of squares of the models whenever the total
number of parameters is greater than the number of observations. It can also be used to find the degrees of freedom of each
source of variation components. This method is discussed in a Balanced Nested-Factorial Experimental Design.
Introduction:It has been proven twice that the Hambantota District has the highest life expectancy in male
population. This study focused to find and identify reasons for Hambantota District people to have high life
expectancy at birth.
Methodology: Research was carried out in both qualitative and quantitative phases in five MOH (Medical
Health Officer) divisions in HambantotaDistrict. Study focused on 3 age categories, 55-65 Years, 66-75 Years,
and above 76 Years. Main objectives and key information areas are Life Style and Social Behaviors, Food
Consumption and Diet, Familial Trait and Physical and Mental Health.
Findings: Majority of the male population have educated up to grade 5and most are engaged in the agriculture
while others engaged in fishery and self-employment etc. Almost everyone reachestheir workplaces by foot or by
bicycle. Many of them work less than six hours. They spend their free time with their family members and watch
TV. Most of them do not consume alcohol and smoke. Almost everyone take part in social activities. Majority eat
red rice for all three meals. Almost everyone eats fish every day. They have a high salt intake. Their parents and
ancestors have also have had a high life expectancy. Only a minority suffer from chronic illnesses. They all have
a good physical and mental health condition. They spend happy and relaxed lifestyle.
Conclusion: Healthy diet, low alcohols consumption and smoking, high iodine intake, physical activeness and
their social wellbeing effect for high life expectancy within the male population of selected five MOH divisions
in Hambantota District. They have a free and happy life. Genetics of these people also may contribute for high
life expectancy. Abundance of neem trees in this area also may effect on their high life expectancy.
A clay deposit in Chavakali of western Kenya was evaluated for its potential as refractory raw
material. The collected clay sample was crushed, sieved and the chemical composition determined in
percentage weight (wt %) of (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, etc) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The
samples were moulded into rectangular shaped bricks of 40mm height, 40mm width and 80mm length, allowed
to dry and later fired up to a temperature of 10000C. Refractory properties like Compressive strength,
Hardness, Linear shrinkage on firing, Apparent porosity and Density were determined using standard
techniques. The result of chemical analysis indicated that the clay was composed of Silica (SiO2), 67.3%;
Alumina (Al2O3), 16.67%; Iron Oxide (Fe2O3), 3.87%; Calcium Oxide (CaO), 0.37%; Potassium Oxide (K2O),
2.30%; Sodium Oxide (Na2O), 1.39%; and other traces. The physical and mechanical tests show that the clay
has Cold Crushing Strength of 10.36MPa, Hardness of 40.080 GPa, Linear shrinkage of 6.17%, Apparent
Porosity of 32.71% and Bulk Density of 2.77g/cm3
. Chavakali clay can make better local refractory
Nihon University challenged world record of the human-powered aircraft flight based on the
regulation of Fédération Aérionautique Internationale in Kasumigaura Lake, Japan, 2014. The wing fell off in
midair immediately after take-off, the pilot landed to the lake for safety. So, the challenge failed. It guessed the
operational errors were correlated with the wing falling in midair, which had not happened in our experience.
The flight recording camera and the salvaged airplane were investigated. The fault tree analysis was conducted
for cause investigation. The wing falling was the result as the chain destruction starting from the coupling parts
being damaged in take-off. The defective take-off was caused by composite factors on only operational errors.
The risk that the ultralight airplane might disintegrate in midair by only operational error became apparent.
Due to the large-scale exploitation of mineral resources and the unreasonable human activities, the
geological disasters in Jiaozuo City have become increasingly prominent and the degree of harm increased. This
leds to a tremendous threat to human life and property safety. Jiaozuo City, the main types of geological
disasters, landslides, ground subsidence, debris flow and ground fissures. It has great significance to the
development of the city and the protection of people's life and property to explore the hidden dangers of
geological disasters and actively take preventive and control measures. The establishment of geological
hazard group measurement system of prevention and control to achieve the timely detection of geological
disasters, rapid early warning and effective avoidance.
Dangerous gas explosion accidents result in considerable amount of casualties and property damage.
Hence, an investigation on the generation of poisonous gases in gas explosions exerts important implications
for accident prevention and control and in the decision-making processes of fire rescue. Therefore, a gas
explosion piping test system is established in this paper. Experimental research on gas explosion is conducted by
selecting methane/air premixed gases with concentrations of 7%, 9%, 11%, 13%, and 15% in the gas explosive
range. This research aims to reveal the regularity of CO generation after gas explosion in pipelines.
Experimental results showed that when the gas concentration is small (< 9%), 1500–3000 ppm CO will be
produced. When the gas concentration is large (> 9%), the CO amount will reach 3000–40000 ppm. The
variation trend in CO concentration and the quantity of explosive gas are also obtained.
To evaluate the influence of the entry speed to flow field above the water surface on an object
high-speed entering into water, the flow field was measured experimentally by using an optical visualization
method. The entry speed was ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 km/s. In case that the entry speed was higher than the
sound speed of gas above the water surface, the vertical velocity of the tip of a water splash was linear to the
vertical location of the tip. The ratio between the initial vertical velocity of a water splash and the entry speed
was independent from the entry speed and was constant.A shock wave was driven above the water surface by the
entry even thoughthe entry speed was lower than the sound speed of gas above the water surface.A scaling law
for the propagation of a shock wave driven by explosion of an explosive was applicable to the propagation of
the shock wave driven by the water entry by using the kinetic energy of the entry object instead of the explosive
energy.
Pingdingshan Coal Mine district is one of the six mining areas of Henan Province, which is a
large coal base in China. After 60 years of exploitation, it has brought great benefits, at the same time,
serious geological disasters have been occurred. It has seriously damaged the normal production of the
masses, life, restricting the development of Pingdingshan coal mine economy. In this paper, the
geological disasters such as ground collapse, ground fissures and ground subsidence in Pingdingshan coal
mine are analyzed, and the degree of geological disasters in the mining area is analyzed in combination
with the severely affected mining area. Finally, reasonable and feasible countermeasures have been put
forward.
Kelud volcano is located in East Java Province, Indonesia. According to Geochemical study of
Kelud Volcano, it could be divided into 3 periods which are Kelud I (older than 100 ky BP), Kelud II (40 – 100
ky BP), and Kelud III (younger than 40 ky BP). A specific petrogenesis of Kelud are dominatad by magma
mixing and fractional crystalization. New petrological data from Kelud volcano was taken through products of
the eruption in 1990 (Vulkanian type), 2007 (Lava plug forming) and 2014 (Plinian type). Petrographic study
on these rocks showed that reverse and oscilatory zoning on plagioclases, Shieve-like and corroded textures on
plagioclases and pyroxenes are common. However, normal zoning textures were also found on plagioclases and
pyroxenes. Whole rock study on these rocks showed all rocks were classified into Basalt to Andesite in
composition with calc-alkaline group. The study indicated that their magma origin derrived from slab with
fractional crystallization during in the magma reservoir, and magma mixing processes are dominant expecially
in magma pockets. Concequently, the magma origin and petrogenesis of Kelud magma after the 1966 eruption
are still the same as those of old magma of Kelud.
Black cotton soils are among a group of soils termed as problematic soils. These soils have
undesirable characteristics in relation to construction works and therefore need some form of improvement
when encountered in construction projects. Techniques for improvement of black cotton soils include
replacement, moisture control or adding a stabilizer. Cement and/or lime has been commonly used in soil
stabilization for ages. However, due to the associated cost, required quality control and the need to utilize waste
materials in construction, new stabilizing materials are emerging. This paper presents a study on application of
quarry dust for improving properties of black cotton soil in Mbeya region, Tanzania. The targeted improvement
was to achieve minimum acceptable characteristics for road subgrade as per Tanzania standards. It was
determined that 40% by weight of quarry dust added to the black cotton soil was able to improve the
characteristics by increasing CBR value from 3.8 to 15.7 and reducing PI from 32% to 15%. It will be worthy
studying the cost implication of the suggested improvement in relation to other techniques before application of
the study findings.
High intensity rain and morphometri in Padang city cause at Arau. Morphometri
geomorphologi that is related to wide of, river network, stream pattern and gradien of river. The form wide
of DAS will be by stream pattern and level.This will influence to the number of rain. Make an index to
closeness of stream depict closeness of river stream at one particular DAS. Speed of river stream influenced
by storey, level steepness of river. Steepness storey, level is comparison of difference height of river
downstream and upstream. Ever greater of steepness of river stream, excelsior speed of river stream that
way on the contrary. High to lower speed of river stream influence occurence of floods, more than anything
else if when influenced by debit big. By using rainfall from year 2005 to year 2015, and use Thiessen method
got a rainfall. Use the DEM IFSAR, analysed sofware ARGIS, and with from earth map, the result got DAS
in at condition of floods gristle and sedimentation. There are band evakuasi for resident which data in
floods area.
The chemical (extractives and lignin) content and histological property (microscopic structure)
of tissues of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill, Pierre ex Pax), an angiosperm, were investigated for its potential
as a fibrous raw material for pulp and paper production. Bolts of about 70 cm were cut from the felled trees at
three different merchantable height levels of 10%, 50%, and 90% to obtain: corewood, middlewood and
outerwood samples. The fiber characteristics of the selected trees viz: the fiber length, fibre diameter and lumen
diameter were measured while the cell wall thickness was derived from the measured fibre dimensions. The
average fiber length, cell wall thickness, and lumen width, were 1.40 mm, 4.6 µm, and 32.3 µm, respectively.
The extractive and lignin contents were determined. Klason lignin content was about 30%. Extractive content of
R. heudelotii ranged from 0.41 to 0.5%. Based on these findings R. heudelotii is suitable for pulp and paper
production.
The prolific Niger Delta Basin is a mature petroleum province. Therefore, further prospectivity in
the basin lies within deeper plays which are high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) targets. One of the
main characteristics of the Niger Delta is its unique diachronous tripartite stratigraphy. Its gross onshore and
shallow offshore lithostratigraphy consists of the deep-seated Akata Formation and is virtually exclusively
shale, the petroliferous paralic Agbada Formation in which sand/shale proportion systematically increases
upward, and at the top the Benin Formation composed almost exclusively of sand. This stratigraphic pattern is
not exactly replicated in the deep offshore part of the delta.
A low-carbon steel wire of AISI 1022 is used to easily fabricate into self-drilling tapping screws,
which are widely used for construction works. The majority of carbonitriding activity is performed to improve
the wear resistance without affecting the soft, tough interior of the screws in self-drilling operation. In this
study, Taguchi technique is used to obtain optimum carbonitriding conditions to improve the mechanical
properties of AISI 1022 self-drilling tapping screws. The carbonitriding qualities of self-drilling tapping screws
are affected by various factors, such as quenching temperature, carbonitriding time, atmosphere composition
(carbon potential and ammonia level), tempering temperature and tempering time. The quality characteristics of
carbonitrided tapping screws, such as case hardness and core hardness, are investigated, and so are their
process capabilities. It is experimentally revealed that the factors of carbonitriding time and tempering
temperature are significant for case hardness. The optimum mean case hardness is 649.2HV. For the case
hardness, the optimum process-capability ratio increases by about 200% compared to the original result. The
new carbonitriding parameter settings evidently improve the performance measures over their values at the
original settings. The strength of the carbonitrided AISI 1022 self-drilling tapping screws is effectively improved.
More from International journal of scientific and technical research in engineering (IJSTRE) (20)
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
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When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
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Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
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Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
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Procedure for Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Wastewater Treatment Planting Saudi Arabia
1. International journal of scientific and technical research in engineering (IJSTRE)
www.ijstre.com Volume 1 Issue 2 ǁ May 2016.
Manuscript id. 534590471 www.ijstre.com Page 1
Procedure for Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Waste-
water Treatment Planting Saudi Arabia
Said Ali El-Quliti1)
, Refat Basarwan2
, Hasan Alzahrani3)
, SaeedAlzahrani4)
, and
FarisBadr5)
1)
Professor at Department of Industrial Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, email:
saalquliti@kau.edu.sa
2)
Engineer, Health and Safety Freelancer trainer. Email: rbasarwan@gmail.com
3)
Engineer, Safety Associated, Islamic Development Bank Group, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
4)
Environmental Science, Safety Specialist, National Water Company, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
5)
Engineer, Disaster management Master Student.
Abstract : It is well known that wastewater treatment projects worldwide has become one of the most
important, vital projects and linked to civilization. Since potable water and irrigation for agriculture water
considered a very low resources in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - desert regions - soit is necessary to pay more
attention to these projects, which already happened, where billions of Saudi Riyals have been invested in the
sewage and industrial water treatment projects.
Wastewater treatment industryin Saudi Arabiahas expanded to include a lot of units and departments, machines
and hundreds of workers and has become a danger to staff and the areas surrounding these stations.
In this research we mention the steps and methods to be used and followed by workers in dealing with the
various hazards. We start by identifying the hazards then point out how to analyze these hazards and classified
into several degrees according totheir severity.
However it’s necessary to specify the responsibilities and roles of employees in dealing with these risks.
I. INTRODUCTION
There are two kinds of wastewater treatment plants in Saudi Arabia,industrial wastewater treatment plant
and sanitary wastewater treatment plant. The industrial wastewater treatment plant is designed to treat incoming
industrial wastewater from industries like factories and plants. The sanitary wastewater treatment plant is
designed to treat incoming sanitary wastewater from community area.
Hazard assessments and controls help build safe and healthy workplaces. They are at the core of every
organization’s occupationalhealth and safety management system. The hazard assessment and control process
provides a consistent approach for employers and workers to identify and control hazards in the workplace. It
allowseveryone to focus their efforts in the right areas, andto develop worker training, inspections,
emergencyresponse [1].
This research aims to identify the OH&S hazards of (equipment, substances and / or movements) which may
cause harms -in order to determine the level of risk associated with the hazard and its controls.
The procedurecan be implemented for:
O Routine and non-routine activities.
o Activities for all personnel having access to the work place
o Activities of contractors and/or subcontractors.
o Facilities at the workplace (Water Treatment Plant, Workshop, Buildings, electrical Substation,
warehouses for Spares and Material, labs, etc.…..).
II. Basic Terminology:
HSEC:Health, Safety and Environment Committee.
Hazard:source, situation, or act with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, or a
combination of these.
Hazard identification: process of recognizing that a hazard exists and defining its characteristics.
Risk: combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure(s) and the
severity of injury or ill health that can because by the event or exposure(s).
Risk assessment: process of evaluating the risk(s) arising from a hazard(s), taking into account the
adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether or not the risk(s) is acceptable.
Acceptable risk: risk that has been reduced to a level that can be tolerated by the organization having
regard to its legal obligations and its own OH&S policy
2. Procedure for Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Wastewater Treatment Planting……
Manuscript id. 534590471 www.ijstre.com Page 2
Behavior Based Safety (BBS): workplace behaviors are what one sees when observing people
conducting tasks in their workplace.
OH&S: occupational health & safety.
HSER: Health, Safety&environmental Management Representative.
IMS Management representative: A member appointed by the top management to be responsible for
certain quality, safety and environmental tasks irrespective of his other responsibilities.
III. THEWASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT: AN OVERVIEW
Water is one of the most significant sectors in the Kingdom the National Water Company ( NWC)
established in 2008, as a Saudi joint stock company fully owned by the government (namely the Public
Investment Fund), aims to provide water and wastewater treatment services in accordance with the latest
international standards. This is achieved by the concerted efforts of national cadres in partnership with carefully
selected international operators through foreign PPP.
NWC specializes in providing the highest quality drinking water, ensuring the presence of water and wastewater
connections in all households, preserving natural water resources and the environment, using the Treated
Sewage Effluent (TSE) with maximum efficiency, and training qualified Saudi employees in accordance with
the latest international standards.
Throughout its new phase, NWC is able to implement radical changes in the water sector’s performance. This
was achieved through raising the company’s operational efficiency in line with international standards,
establishing a solid infrastructure that can accommodate the evolving demands of a growing KSA population,
providing high-quality services to clients and customers, and investing all essential efforts for preserving natural
water resources, protecting the environment, and ensuring sustainability.Figure 1.
Figure 1. Wastewater Treatment Plant
3. PROCEDURE
3.1 Hazard Identification
There are many hazards that may cause injury, illness. Hazard Identification is the basis for the risk
assessment process. (Table 1) contains questions that will lead to identifying commonly observed hazards [2]
and [3].
3. Procedure for Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Wastewater Treatment Planting……
Manuscript id. 534590471 www.ijstre.com Page 3
Table 1: Hazard Identification Checklist
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
A ENTANGLEMENT
A1
Can anyone's hair, clothing, gloves, neck-tie, jewellery, cleaning brushes, rags or other materials become
entangled with moving parts of the plant, or materials in motion?
B CRUSHING
B1 Can anyone be crushed due to:
a Material falling off the plant?
b Uncontrolled or unexpected movement of the plant or its load?
c Lack of capacity for the plant to be slowed, stopped or immobilized?
d The plant tipping or rolling over?
e Parts of the plant collapsing
f
Coming in contact with moving parts of the plant during testing, inspection, operation, maintenance,
cleaning or repair?
g Being thrown off or under the plant?
h Being trapped between the plant and materials or fixed structures?
i Other factors not mentioned?
C CUTTING, STABBING & PUNCTURING
C1 Can anyone be cut, stabbed or punctured due to:
a Coming in contact with sharp or flying objects?
b
Coming into contact with moving parts of the plant during testing inspection, operation,
maintenance, cleaning or repair of the plant?
c The plant, parts of the plant or working pieces disintegrating?
d Work pieces being ejected?
e The mobility of the plant?
f Uncontrolled or unexpected movement of the plant?
g Other factors not mentioned?
D. SHEARING
1
Can anyone's body parts be sheared between two parts of the plant, or between two parts of the plant,
or between a part of the plant and a work piece or structure?
E FRICTION
E1 Can anyone be burnt due to contact with moving parts or surfaces of the plant?
F STRIKING
F1 Can anyone be struck by moving objects due to:
a Uncontrolled or unexpected movement of the plant or material handled by the plant?
b The plant, parts of the plant or pieces disintegrating?
c Work pieces being ejected?
d Mobility of the plant
e Other factors not mentioned?
G HIGH PRESSURE FLUID
G1 Can anyone come into contact with fluids under high pressure, due to plant failure or misuse of the plant?
H Working at height
4. Procedure for Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Wastewater Treatment Planting……
Manuscript id. 534590471 www.ijstre.com Page 4
H1 Guardrail systems
H2 Scaffolding system inspection and maintenance
H3 All required PPEs are in use ( helmet , safety shoes , gloves , etc....)
H4 Working at height permits
I ELECTRICAL
I1 Can anyone be injured by electrical shock or burned due to:
a The plant contacting live electrical conductors?
b The plant working in close proximity to electrical conductors?
c Overload of electrical circuits?
d Damaged or poorly maintained electrical leads & cables?
e Damaged electrical switches?
f Water near electrical equipment?
g Lack of isolation procedures?
h Other factors not mentioned?
J EXPLOSION
J1
Can anyone by injured by explosion of gases, vapours, liquids, dusts or other substances, triggered by the
operation of the plant or by material handled by the plant?
K Confined space
K1 Confined spaces Work permits
K2 Confined space safety inspection
K3 Using suitable PPEs for working at confined spaces ( helmets , safety shoes, oxygen cylinders
L SLIPPING, TRIPPING & FALLING
L1 Can anyone using the plant, or in the vicinity of the plant, slip, trip or fall due to:
a Uneven or slippery work surfaces?
b Poor housekeeping.
c Obstacles being placed in the vicinity of the plant?
d Other factors not mentioned?
L2 Can anyone fall from a height due to:
a Lack of proper work platform?
b Lack of proper stairs or ladders?
c Lack of guardrail or other suitable edge protection?
d Unprotected holes, penetrations or gaps?
e Poor floor or working surfaces, such as the lack of slip resistant surfaces?
f Steep walking surfaces?
g Collapse of the supporting structure?
h Other factors not mentioned?
M ERGONOMIC
M1 Can anyone be injured due to:
a Poorly designed seating?
b Repetitive body movement?
5. Procedure for Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Wastewater Treatment Planting……
Manuscript id. 534590471 www.ijstre.com Page 5
c Constrained body posture or the need for excessive effort?
d Design deficiency causing mental or psychological stress?
e Inadequate or poorly placed lighting?
f Lack of consideration given to human error or human behaviour?
g Mismatch of the plant with human traits and natural limitations?
h Other factors not mentioned?
N SUFFOCATION
N1 Can anyone be suffocated due to the lack of oxygen, or atmospheric contamination?
O HIGH TEMPERATURE OR FIRE
O1 Can anyone come into contact with objects at high temperatures?
P TEMPERATURE (THERMAL COMFORT)
P1 Can anyone suffer ill health due to exposure to high or low temperature?
Q OTHER HAZARDS
Q1 Can anyone be injured or suffer ill-health from exposure to:
a Chemicals?
b Biological?
c Toxic gases, vapours or fumes?
d Dust?
R OTHER HAZARDS (Cont'd)
e Noise?
f Vibration?
g Radiation?
h Other factors not mentioned?
S ENTRAPMENT
S1 Can anyone be locked or trapped in an area of space?
3.2 Risk Assessment Team
A team approach is adopted for the risk assessments where representatives from relevant work places make
up the risk assessment team, and are actively involved in the risk assessments. Team members consist of (At
least)
One Safety department representative,
One area Section Head or supervisor
One of the HSERs members.
It should be noted that:
Team members must be trained on this risk assessment method and procedure.
TheHSEC will lead the team as the risk assessment advisor/moderator.
Risk assessment team identifies the hazards using hazard identification, Risk assessment and observation
record sheet form (HSE-HI/FR01) which reviewed by the process owner manager and approved by
HSSE Manager.
Team members can include others up to six persons if needed.
3.3 Risk Identification and Assessment
When the hazard identification is completed, the following questionsare asked:
6. Procedure for Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Wastewater Treatment Planting……
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What is the severity or consequences of the hazard (e.g. injury, damage, spillage, business interruption,
fire, explosion, etc.)? As a rule, the most severe consequence is considered.
What is the probability of occurrence? The probability should be estimated from previous experiences
or, if possible, with the help of statistics.
Is the hazard related to any Legal Requirement? Any hazard related to legal requirement and not
compiling with it; the severity should be 5.
Using the severity and probability criteria defined below, the risk can be introduced into a Risk Matrix
based on [4] and [5].
RISK = SEVERITY × PROBABILITY
3.4 Acceptable Risks
Acceptable risks of potential and/or existing hazards will be determined per hazard after finalizing the
preparing of risk assessment sheet and applying the necessary control, which has to comply with legal
obligations, canbe tolerated by the organization & will be updated per risk assessment updating.
3.5 Behavior Based Safety (BBS)
Everybody who works to reduce accidents and improve safe performance is concerned with human
behavior. “Behavior and accidents is what it’s all about,” is a commonly heard phrase[6].
Behavior is defined as “an observable act”; i.e. workplace behaviors are what one sees when observing
people conducting tasks in their workplace. The behavior is assessed as dangerous action, dangerous condition
or positive point.
The BBS objective is improving the safety at work by privileging constructive dialogs and eliminating
hazardous working conditions and acts [7].
Since the risk assessment will include person's behaviors, which isthe base of culture change, the
following steps will be followed whenassessing employee's behavior
Announce your visit to the person to be visited and to his Supervisor (at the latest 24 hours before the visit)
Explain to him the objective of your visit
Observe the person work (10-15 minutes)
Identify: The positive points (PP) - The Dangerous Acts (DA) - The Dangerous Conditions (DC).
After the observation, engage the dialog with the visited person, starting with the positive points (PP) that the
visitors have observed.
Make him aware of the DC & DA and what are the improvements that could be done right now?
Each Process Owner is responsible for updating the hazard identification; risk assessment & observations
register on annual basis.
If a major change in the process takes place the Head of Department is responsible for updating the hazard
identification, risk assessment & observations Register and informing the department Health & Safety
Coordinator. Changes could be the following and other pertinent information:
Installation of new Equipment or new material
Asset Transfers
After Reported Accidents
Machine Acceptance of Modified Equipment
Chemical Approval Requests
Operational Reviews
Management Reviews.
7. Procedure for Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Wastewater Treatment Planting……
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Table 2: Criteria for evaluating the severity
Severity of Consequences
Category/ Descriptive
Word
Personnel
Illness/ Injury
Equipment
Loss
($)
Down
Time
Product
Loss
($)
Environmental
Effects
5
CATASTROPHIC
Death >1M
>1
Month
>1M
Long-term
(>5yrs)
environmental
damage or
requiring >$1M to
correct and/or in
penalties
4
CRITICAL
Severe injury or
severe
occupational
illness
>2 Week
hospitalization
250K
to
1M
1 Month
to
1 week
250K
to
1M
Medium-term (1-
5 yrs)
environmental
damage or
requiring $250K -
$1M to correct
and/or in penalties
3
SIGNIFICANT
Major injury or
major
occupational
illness
<2 Week
hospitalization
50K
to
250K
3 days
to
1 week
50K
to
250K
Short-term (3 mo-
1 yr)
environmental
damage or
requiring $50K -
$250K to correct
and/or in
penalties.
2
MARGINAL
Minor injury or
minor
occupational
illness
No hospitalization
Day case
1K
to
50K
1 day
to
3 days
1K
to
50K
Brief-term (<3
mo)
environmental
damage or
requiring $1K -
$50K to correct
and/or in
penalties.
1
NEGLIGIBLE
First Aid
No injury or
illness
<1K <1 day <1K
Minor
environmental
damage, readily
repaired and/or
requiring <$1K to
correct and/or in
penalties
8. Procedure for Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Wastewater Treatment Planting……
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Table 3: Criteria for evaluating the probability
PROBABILITY
Level
Descriptive
word
Definition
5 FREQUENT
Expected to occur in all circumstances (Once per
week)
4 PROBABLE Expected to occur in most circumstances (Once per month)
3 OCCASIONAL Will probably occur in most circumstances (Once per year)
2 REMOTE
Might occur at some time (Once
per 10 years)
1 IMPROBABLE Could occur at some time, but less possible (Once per 100 years)
Table 4: Risk Matrix
Probability
5 5 10 15 20 25
4 4 8 12 16 20
3 3 6 9 12 15
2 2 4 6 8 10
1 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
S e v e r i t y
Legend
≥20 E Extreme risk - immediate action required (Red)
>10&<20 H High risk - urgent management attention needed (Yellow)
>5 & ≤10 M Medium risk - management attention as soon as possible (Green)
≤5 L Low risk – non urgent management attention needed (White)
9. Procedure for Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Wastewater Treatment Planting……
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Table 5: Risk assessment procedure steps.
Step Action Explanations
1 Decide to perform a
risk assessment
The risk assessment may be the result of:
New equipment being introduced or existing equipment or workplace
being modified
Significant changes being introduced to the tasks performed in the
workplace;
Safety control systems being modified;
Regulatory requirements
Equipment that is being used for another purpose
New information about the identified hazards being available
An incident investigations revealing new information regarding
workplace hazards and/or the level of risk
An accident.
2 Establish a risk
assessment team
A team of trained and appropriate people covering all domains of the projected
assessment shall conduct the risk assessment. Team to be no more than 6 people.
3 Identify the hazards Is there a hazard or issue (e.g. electricity, chemicals, thermal stress, moving
equipment, human error, external event, etc.)?
As an aid for assessors, Appendix A contains questions that will lead to
identifying commonly observed hazards.
4 Assess the risk for all
the hazards identified
in Step 3 above
The Risk Assessment Team
Evaluates what is the likely severity (consequence) of such a hazard
Evaluates what is the probability of the hazard causing injury or loss.
5 Prioritize the risk The severity and probability are introduced onto the Risk Matrix to prioritise the
risks as:
E: Extreme risk; immediate action required
H: High risk; urgent management attention needed
M: Medium risk; management attention as soon as possible
L: Low risk; longer term action may be required
6 Develop action plans Identified risks shall be prioritised for action and control measures. The following
hierarchy will apply to reduce the risk as far as practicable:
Elimination;
Substitution;
Engineering controls;
Signage/warnings and/or administrative controls;
Personal protective equipment.
7 Communicate results
and arrange training
The outcomes of risk assessments shall be communicated to all concerned people.
Existing and new staff working in the assessed workplace must be made aware of
the risks and trained on the mitigation and control measures.
3.6 Responsibility
3.6.1. The HSC in each department is responsible for maintainingthe hazard identification; risk
assessment & observations register for each area.
3.6.2. OH&S Manager is responsible to review and update this procedure.
3.6.3. OH&S Manager is responsible to coordinate or establishing of hazard identification and risk
assessment for subcontractors’ activities and setting the need of controls with the concerned
departments.
3.6.4. OH&S Manager is responsible for setting the need of controls for visitors as well as safety
training & awareness of new employees.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
The employer’s hazard assessment and management will determine, in large part which Standards and
procedure shall be used in the workplace to provide safe and healthful working conditions. Therefore, it will be
incumbent for the employer, and / or all persons involved in the hazard assessment to know which Standards
will apply to any given situation.
10. Procedure for Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Wastewater Treatment Planting……
Manuscript id. 534590471 www.ijstre.com Page 10
References
[1.] Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu, MARAFIQ.
[2.] Ministry of Water and Environment,
[3.] OSHA (General Industry Standard), 29CFR 1910, Regulations (Safety requirements to be met while working).
[4.] United State Department of Labor, Occupational Safety & Health Administration.
[5.] David Vose, Risk analysis: a quantitative guide, 3rd Edition, john Wiley & Sons, 2008.
[6.] Kit Sadgrove, The Complete Guide to Business Risk Management, 3rd Edition, Gower Publishing, Ltd., 2015.
[7.] Cambridge Center for Behavior Studies, "Introduction to Behavioral Safety"
[8.] Dominic Cooper, Behavioral Safety: A Framework for Success, Ph.D.