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Mineral Engineering Technical Services
PO Box 5778
St Georges Tce WA 6831
P: (+61 8) 9421 9000
F: (+61 8) 9325 8311
ABN 66 009 357 171
W: www.metsengineering.com
E: info@metsengineering.com
METS is a division of Midas Engineering Group
Occupational Health & Safety Issues in Process Plants
Presented by Damian Connelly
Insight Session
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
• DISCLAIMER
With respect to all the information contained herein, neither Mineral Engineering Technical Services Pty
Ltd, nor any officer, servant, employee, agent or consultant thereof make any representations or give
any warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the information
contained herein, including but not limited to opinions, information or advice which may be provided to
users of the document. No responsibility is accepted to users of this document for any consequence of
relying on the contents hereof.
• COPYRIGHT ©
Passing of this document to a third party, duplication or re-use of this document, in whole or part,
electronically or otherwise, is not permitted without the expressed written consent of Mineral
Engineering Technical Services Pty Ltd.
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This document is a dynamic record of the knowledge and experience of personnel at Mineral
Engineering Technical Services. As such it has been built upon over the years and is a collaborative
effort by all those involved. We are thankful for the material supplied by and referenced from various
equipment manufacturers, vendors, industry research and project partners.
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Key Attributes
• Working globally since 1988
• Dynamic and innovative niche consultancy
• Dedicated team providing customised service
• Specialist in Mineral Processing & Engineering Projects
• Unique solution finder
• A division of Midas Engineering Group
Pragmatic, efficient, complete engineering through
quality, personalised & exceptional service delivery
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Midas Engineering Group
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
• Occupational Health & Safety is #1
priority
• Process plants are hazardous areas and
can present risks to the operators
• Human exposure to chemicals, electrical,
fire, dust, gases, noise, machines, trips &
falls, vehicles, radiation
• Legal responsibility & requirements
• Safe design principles
• Harmonisation - national consistency -
(NOHSC)
• Risk analysis - eliminating hazards
• Impacts for designers
Safety in Design for Process Plants
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Workplace Health & Safety
• Australia- QLD, NSW, ACT, NT and Commonwealth commenced
harmonised WHS laws 1 January 2012
• Tasmania passed its WHS Bill which commenced on 1 January 2013
• South Australia introduced their Bill into Parliament and is waiting for
their Bill to be debated
• Western Australia (WA) is waiting until the model mining health and
safety laws are finalised so that both sets of laws can be implemented
at the same time
• Victoria has completed their state-specific regulatory impact statement
and will not implement at this time
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Designer Duties - WHS Regulation
• Section 295 of the Work Health & Safety (WHS) Regulations
specifies additional duties on designers of a structure to provide a
written report to the Person Conducting Business or Undertaking
(PCBU) commissioning the design where:
– the designer is aware of hazards that could create a risk to
health and safety to persons constructing the structure; and
– these hazards are associated only with that particular design
and not with other designs of the same type of structure.
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Design Officers – Due Diligence
acquire knowledge of WHS matters
Reasonable steps to
understand nature of the operation and associated WHS hazards & risks
ensure resources and processes to eliminate or minimise WHS risks
ensure processes for receiving, considering
and responding to WHS information in a timely way
ensure processes and implementation for complying with WHS duties
verify compliance
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Duties of Care Occupational Health &
Safety Issues
Due diligence
Organisational decision making
and governance
Work activities (including
supervision)
Others e.g. visitors
NATURE OF ACTIVITY
Primary duty of care
Persons conducting a business
or specific classes of duty holders
Officers’ duty of care
Workers’ duty of care
Duty of care of others
Reasonably practicableOperation of business
Reasonable care
Reasonable care
DUTIES ASSOCIATED WITH
THE ACTIVITY
RELEVANT STANDARD
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Offences Under the WHS Act
• Category 1: recklessly exposes a person to risk of death or serious
injury or illness - $3M corporations; $600,000 individuals; 5 years
imprisonment
• Category 2: serious risk of harm without recklessness - $1.5 million
corporations; $300,000 individuals
• Category 3: fails to comply with WHS duty - $0.5 million corporations;
$100,000 individuals
• Appeals to High Court of Australia
• Independent right of review when regulator does not prosecute for
Category 1 or 2 offences – by the Director of Public Prosecutions
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Safety Signage In Process Plants
Mandatory (must use)
In order to minimise the likelihood of
loss or injury being sustained
Caution (be careful)
Exercise care to avoid hazard Electric Shock Toxic hazard
CorrosionExplosionIonising Radiation
Fire
Prohibited (do not)
These actions are forbidden No Smoking Thoroughfare
Prohibited
Fire and Naked
Flame Prohibited
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Typical Safety Equipment (PPE)
Head protection
Eye protection
Ear protection
Short or tied back hair
Reinforced footwear Gloves when
required
Face protection when required
No rings or watch and close-
fitting cuffs
• Pipes labelled
• Valves open or closed
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
• A copy of the Emergency Procedures Chart and Site Plan indicating locations
of Fire Extinguishers, Eyewashes and Emergency Showers, Muster Points
and First Aid Facilities are displayed in all buildings.
• Inductions - Duty of care
• Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
Preparing for Emergencies
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Hearing Damage & Fire Risk
* Minimise where possible then hearing
protection mandatory
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Radiation Safety
• Recommendations for Limiting
Exposure to Ionising Radiation (1995)
and the National Standard for Limiting
Occupational Exposure to Ionising
Radiation (republished 2002). RPS 1
• Code of Practice and Safety Guide for
Radiation Protection and Radioactive
Waste Management in the Mining and
Mineral Processing (2005). RPS 9
and 9.1
• Code of Practice for the Safe
Transport of Radioactive Material
(2002). RPS 2 and RPS 2.1
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Agitator - cyanide
accumulation may be a
problem during cleaning
and maintenance
Leach Tanks During sampling in CIP
Possible Exposure to HCN Gas Gold
Plants
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Health and Safety Design
Considerations
• The potential health hazard to an individual by a material used in any chemical
or biochemical process is a function of the inherent toxicity of the material and
the frequency and duration of the exposure
• The main objective of health hazard control is to limit the chemical dosage of a
chemical by minimizing or preventing exposure
• It is not practical to measure or control the chemical dosage directly; rather,
exposure is measured and limits are set for its control
• Dangerous Goods Safety Act 2004
• Sources of Exposure
e.g. Inhalation
– Thus an understanding of the sources of contaminants to which workers are exposed is
important for the recognition, evaluation and control of occupational health hazards
– E.g. mechanical abrasions of solid material by cutting, grinding or drilling can produce small
particles that can form an airborne dust cloud or solid aerosol
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Engineering Ethics in Design
• In any professional activity, engineers are obligated to pursue their profession
with the highest level of ethical behaviour
– Early gold plants buried cables
– Site installation - no drawings
– No blocked chute alarms
– Safety was not foremost - HCN gas, gaurding rails, job safety analysis
• The personal conduct of engineers has obligations to the individual engineer,
employer and/or client, colleagues and co-workers, the public and the environment
• There are various codes of ethics adopted by the various engineering societies
− Engineers Australia
− AusIMM
− SME
− CIM
− SAIME
− American Institute of Chemical Engineers Code of Ethics
− National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) Code of Ethics
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Hazard Assessment Techniques
The selection of inherently safe processes in the concept stage can eliminate
many hazards that would otherwise require complex and costly engineering in
later design stages.
Formalized hazard assessment techniques include:
• Hazard and Operability study (HAZOP)-process related
− Systematic technique for identifying all internal plant or equipment hazards and operability
problems
• HAZID - risk Assessment process for the facility as a whole
• Fault-tree Analysis
− A means of analyzing hazardous events after they’ve been identified by other techniques
− Used to estimate the likelihood of an accident by breaking it down into its contributing sequences,
each of which is separated into all its necessary events
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Hazard Assessment Techniques (Cont.)
• Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
− Applied to a specific piece of equipment in a process or a particularly hazardous part of a larger
process
− To evaluate the frequency and consequences of component failures on the process and
surroundings
• Safety Indexes
− Numerical fire and explosive indexes can be calculated based on the nature of the process and
the properties of the materials
• Safety Audits
− To verify the adequacy of safety equipment and safety rules
• Includes equipment for fire protection, personnel protection and on-site emergency
responses
• Detailed checklists covering every aspect of health, safety and loss prevention
Autoclave 5,000 Kpa
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Personnel Safety Considerations
• Every attempt should be made to incorporate facilities for health and
safety protection of plant personnel in the original design
− Includes, but is not limited to:
> Protected walkways
> Platforms
> Stairs
> Work areas
> Tripwires
> Emergency exits
> Nucleonic sources-density gauges
• Physical hazards, if unavoidable must be clearly defined
• Means for egress must be unmistakable
• All machinery must be guarded with protective devices
• Medical services and first aid must be readily available
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Loss Prevention Also Important
• “Loss Prevention” is an insurance term where the loss represents the
financial loss associated with an accident
• The loss represents:
− the cost of repairing/replacing the damaged facility
− damage claims
− the loss of earnings from lost production during the repair period
− any associated lost sales opportunities
• The Design Engineer must ensure that the risks involved with hazards are
reduced to acceptable levels through the application of engineering principles
and proven engineering practice
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Loss Prevention Steps
1. Identification and assessment of the major hazards
2. Control of the hazards by the most appropriate means
E.g. containment, substitution, improved maintenance etc.
3. Control of the process
i.e. prevention of hazardous conditions in process operating variables by utilizing automatic
control and relief systems, interlocks, alarms etc.
4. Limitation of the loss when an accident occurs
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Project Phases
• Typical phases of a project
and the corresponding
application of safe plant
design processes for each
phase
• The level of detail and the
types of hazard studies
undertaken will depend upon
the project facility, the number
and the types of risks
identified in the risk review
process
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Safety In Design Impact
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Environment Regulations
• Environmental Impact Statements and Assessments
− Requires determination of what environmental standards require compliance by the
project
− Obtaining baseline data
> Air quality
> Water quality
> Ambient noise levels
> Ecological studies and social surveys
> Emissions and effluents
− Examining existing data to determine environmental safety of the project
− Preparation of an effluent and emission summary with possible alternatives to meet
acceptable standards
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Environment Protection
• Development of a Pollution Control System involves:
− Investigation of the pollution sources
− the pollutants and the volume dispersed
− Determination of the properties of the pollution emissions
− Design of the collection and transfer systems
− Selection of the control device
− Dispersion of the exhaust to meet applicable regulations
• Consideration should be given to changing raw materials used and even
process operations if a significant reduction in pollution source can be
attained
• The extent to which source correction is justified depends on the cost of the
proposed treatment plan
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Safety Definitions
• Lost time injury (LTI): A work injury that results in an absence from work for at least
one full day or shift any time after the day or shift on which the injury occurred
• Serious injury: A lost time injury that results in the injured person being disabled for a
period of two weeks or more.
• Minor injury: A lost time injury that results in the injured person being disabled for a
period of less than two weeks
• Incidence rate: The number of lost time injuries per 1000 employees for a
12 month period
• Fatal injury incidence rate: The number of fatal injuries per 1000 employees for a 12
month period
• Lost time injury frequency rate (LTIFR): The number of lost time injuries per million
hours worked
28
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
* Reference-Safe Work Australia
Australia vs Rest of the World
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
1) Perform appropriate analyses
2) Comply with published standards
3) Use state-of-the-art technology
4) Include reasonable safety features or devices
5) Take into account how the user might misuse the product
6) Consider hidden dangers that might surprise the user
7) Consider variations in materials or manufacturing processes, or
effects of wear
8) Carry out appropriate testing and interpret results correctly
9) Provide adequate warnings
10) Implement superior quality control
11) Document everything
Guidelines For Safe Design
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Designing For Safety
• No injury to user, (products liability)
• No injury to consumer /society-Vendors
• No injury to production worker (e.g. OHSA)
• No damage to personal property
• No damage to real property (environment)
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
1. Eliminate the hazard pro-active approach, “design-out” the hazard
(eliminate any moving parts, hot or sharp surfaces)
2. Protect against the hazard passive approach, (machine guards, seat
belts)
3. Warn against the hazard - weak remedy, (warning labels, alarms)
4. Provide training Provide and require operating training.
5. Provide personal protection - least effective, (safety glasses, gloves,
shoes)
Risk Analysis in Design
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Australian Standard Risk Matrix
Risk Assessment Tool
CONSEQUENCE
LIKELIHOOD INSIGNIFICANT MINOR MODERATE MAJOR
CATASTR
OPHIC
ALMOST
CERTAIN
High Risk
15
High Risk
10
Extreme
Risk
6
Extreme
Risk
3
Extreme
Risk
1
LIKELY
Moderate Risk
19
High Risk
14
High Risk
9
Extreme
Risk
5
Extreme
Risk
2
POSSIBLE
Low Risk
22
Moderate
Risk
18
High Risk
13
Extreme
Risk
8
Extreme
Risk
4
UNLIKELY
Low Risk
24
Low Risk
21
Moderate
Risk
17
High Risk
12
Extreme
Risk
7
RARE
Low Risk
25
Low Risk
23
Moderate
Risk
20
High Risk
16
High
Risk
11
Extreme (1) Cease activity or task; detailed research and planning required
High (2) Senior management attention, immediate corrective and preventative action required.
Moderate (3) Management responsibility assigned, corrective and preventative action plan developed
Low (4) Manage by routine procedures
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Plant Layout
Impacts on Safety, functionality, operability, OH&S
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
• Safe-Life
– entire predicted useful life without malfunction
– designers to identify all operating conditions, misuses and abuses
– design appropriate maintenance and repair schedules
• Fail-Safe
– upon failure of a component, product/system shuts down safely,
critical functions are sometimes still performed
(e.g. boiler feed-water valve failing in the open position)
• Redundant design
– additional product components or systems are designed to take over the
principle function of the failed component or system. (e.g. multi-engine
airplanes, emergency brakes)
Safe Design Principals
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
SAI Global-Australian Standards
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Construction is a Special Safety Case
Construction
• The installation of large and heavy plant items requires space and
perhaps access for cranes. Such activities introduce risks not normally
encountered in operating plants
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
What is Registrable Classified Plant?
• Basically, three main groups of
registrable classified plant encountered
on mining operations:
– pressure vessels
– cranes
– hoists and other plant used to lift
people
38
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
What are relevant Australian Standards
that Apply to Pressure Vessels?
• Applicable standard for the design, construction and testing of
pressure vessels is AS 1210
• Prescribed standard to assess the hazard level of a pressure vessel is
AS 4343
• Applicable standard for in-service inspection and maintenance for
pressure vessels is AS 3788
Tip: If you are responsible for classified plant at your site, make sure
your maintenance staff are made aware of these requirements
39
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
What About Boilers?
• The applicable standard for the design, construction and testing of
boilers is AS 1228
• AS 4343 is also used to assess the hazard level of a boiler
Tip: Many boilers and pressure vessels are designed,
manufactured and testing overseas using other design codes.
If you’re in the market for a pressure vessel or boiler, always
make sure that you specify and check that it is designed,
constructed and tested to the applicable Australian Standard –
otherwise you will encounter problems when trying to register it
with Resources Safety.
40
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Why is AS 4343 so important?
• AS 4343 essentially takes into account the following when assessing
the hazard level of a pressure vessel or boiler:
− Internal volume
− Design pressure
− Contents
Rule of thumb: The greater the volume, design pressure and more
lethal the contents, the higher the hazard level
Hazard level “A” is the highest and “C” is the lowest requiring
registration
41
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Cranes Hoists & Lifts Must Be
Registered
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Plant Siting and Layout
Security
• The site should be provided with a boundary fence and all entrances
should have a gatehouse.
• The number of entrances should be kept to a minimum.
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Operability or Design?
• No training
• Poor workmanship
• Poor design
• Abuse of equipment
• Neglect
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
• Design for Safety: Prevent injury or damage
• Hazards exist, and depend on conditions
• We have Legal Responsibilities
• Guidelines for Safe Products/systems
• Safety Hierarchy - maximize our efforts
• Safe Design Principles
• Failure Modes & Effects Analysis (FMEA)
Operational Health & Safety Summary
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
Acknowledgement
• Thanks to COM 2014 for the opportunity to present
• Thanks to various companies, colleagues, engineers
• METS engineering staff and consultants
• Vendors for their input
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
What did you get out of this presentation?
Please share your thoughts in an informal discussion
Questions ?
Attendee Outcomes
j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE
THANK YOU
www.metsengineering.com

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Occupational Health & Safety

  • 1. Mineral Engineering Technical Services PO Box 5778 St Georges Tce WA 6831 P: (+61 8) 9421 9000 F: (+61 8) 9325 8311 ABN 66 009 357 171 W: www.metsengineering.com E: info@metsengineering.com METS is a division of Midas Engineering Group Occupational Health & Safety Issues in Process Plants Presented by Damian Connelly Insight Session
  • 2. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE • DISCLAIMER With respect to all the information contained herein, neither Mineral Engineering Technical Services Pty Ltd, nor any officer, servant, employee, agent or consultant thereof make any representations or give any warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the information contained herein, including but not limited to opinions, information or advice which may be provided to users of the document. No responsibility is accepted to users of this document for any consequence of relying on the contents hereof. • COPYRIGHT © Passing of this document to a third party, duplication or re-use of this document, in whole or part, electronically or otherwise, is not permitted without the expressed written consent of Mineral Engineering Technical Services Pty Ltd. • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document is a dynamic record of the knowledge and experience of personnel at Mineral Engineering Technical Services. As such it has been built upon over the years and is a collaborative effort by all those involved. We are thankful for the material supplied by and referenced from various equipment manufacturers, vendors, industry research and project partners.
  • 3. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Key Attributes • Working globally since 1988 • Dynamic and innovative niche consultancy • Dedicated team providing customised service • Specialist in Mineral Processing & Engineering Projects • Unique solution finder • A division of Midas Engineering Group Pragmatic, efficient, complete engineering through quality, personalised & exceptional service delivery
  • 4. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Midas Engineering Group
  • 5. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE • Occupational Health & Safety is #1 priority • Process plants are hazardous areas and can present risks to the operators • Human exposure to chemicals, electrical, fire, dust, gases, noise, machines, trips & falls, vehicles, radiation • Legal responsibility & requirements • Safe design principles • Harmonisation - national consistency - (NOHSC) • Risk analysis - eliminating hazards • Impacts for designers Safety in Design for Process Plants
  • 6. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Workplace Health & Safety • Australia- QLD, NSW, ACT, NT and Commonwealth commenced harmonised WHS laws 1 January 2012 • Tasmania passed its WHS Bill which commenced on 1 January 2013 • South Australia introduced their Bill into Parliament and is waiting for their Bill to be debated • Western Australia (WA) is waiting until the model mining health and safety laws are finalised so that both sets of laws can be implemented at the same time • Victoria has completed their state-specific regulatory impact statement and will not implement at this time
  • 7. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Designer Duties - WHS Regulation • Section 295 of the Work Health & Safety (WHS) Regulations specifies additional duties on designers of a structure to provide a written report to the Person Conducting Business or Undertaking (PCBU) commissioning the design where: – the designer is aware of hazards that could create a risk to health and safety to persons constructing the structure; and – these hazards are associated only with that particular design and not with other designs of the same type of structure.
  • 8. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Design Officers – Due Diligence acquire knowledge of WHS matters Reasonable steps to understand nature of the operation and associated WHS hazards & risks ensure resources and processes to eliminate or minimise WHS risks ensure processes for receiving, considering and responding to WHS information in a timely way ensure processes and implementation for complying with WHS duties verify compliance
  • 9. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Duties of Care Occupational Health & Safety Issues Due diligence Organisational decision making and governance Work activities (including supervision) Others e.g. visitors NATURE OF ACTIVITY Primary duty of care Persons conducting a business or specific classes of duty holders Officers’ duty of care Workers’ duty of care Duty of care of others Reasonably practicableOperation of business Reasonable care Reasonable care DUTIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACTIVITY RELEVANT STANDARD
  • 10. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Offences Under the WHS Act • Category 1: recklessly exposes a person to risk of death or serious injury or illness - $3M corporations; $600,000 individuals; 5 years imprisonment • Category 2: serious risk of harm without recklessness - $1.5 million corporations; $300,000 individuals • Category 3: fails to comply with WHS duty - $0.5 million corporations; $100,000 individuals • Appeals to High Court of Australia • Independent right of review when regulator does not prosecute for Category 1 or 2 offences – by the Director of Public Prosecutions
  • 11. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Safety Signage In Process Plants Mandatory (must use) In order to minimise the likelihood of loss or injury being sustained Caution (be careful) Exercise care to avoid hazard Electric Shock Toxic hazard CorrosionExplosionIonising Radiation Fire Prohibited (do not) These actions are forbidden No Smoking Thoroughfare Prohibited Fire and Naked Flame Prohibited
  • 12. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Typical Safety Equipment (PPE) Head protection Eye protection Ear protection Short or tied back hair Reinforced footwear Gloves when required Face protection when required No rings or watch and close- fitting cuffs • Pipes labelled • Valves open or closed
  • 13. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE • A copy of the Emergency Procedures Chart and Site Plan indicating locations of Fire Extinguishers, Eyewashes and Emergency Showers, Muster Points and First Aid Facilities are displayed in all buildings. • Inductions - Duty of care • Job Safety Analysis (JSA) Preparing for Emergencies
  • 14. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Hearing Damage & Fire Risk * Minimise where possible then hearing protection mandatory
  • 15. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Radiation Safety • Recommendations for Limiting Exposure to Ionising Radiation (1995) and the National Standard for Limiting Occupational Exposure to Ionising Radiation (republished 2002). RPS 1 • Code of Practice and Safety Guide for Radiation Protection and Radioactive Waste Management in the Mining and Mineral Processing (2005). RPS 9 and 9.1 • Code of Practice for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material (2002). RPS 2 and RPS 2.1
  • 16. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Agitator - cyanide accumulation may be a problem during cleaning and maintenance Leach Tanks During sampling in CIP Possible Exposure to HCN Gas Gold Plants
  • 17. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Health and Safety Design Considerations • The potential health hazard to an individual by a material used in any chemical or biochemical process is a function of the inherent toxicity of the material and the frequency and duration of the exposure • The main objective of health hazard control is to limit the chemical dosage of a chemical by minimizing or preventing exposure • It is not practical to measure or control the chemical dosage directly; rather, exposure is measured and limits are set for its control • Dangerous Goods Safety Act 2004 • Sources of Exposure e.g. Inhalation – Thus an understanding of the sources of contaminants to which workers are exposed is important for the recognition, evaluation and control of occupational health hazards – E.g. mechanical abrasions of solid material by cutting, grinding or drilling can produce small particles that can form an airborne dust cloud or solid aerosol
  • 18. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Engineering Ethics in Design • In any professional activity, engineers are obligated to pursue their profession with the highest level of ethical behaviour – Early gold plants buried cables – Site installation - no drawings – No blocked chute alarms – Safety was not foremost - HCN gas, gaurding rails, job safety analysis • The personal conduct of engineers has obligations to the individual engineer, employer and/or client, colleagues and co-workers, the public and the environment • There are various codes of ethics adopted by the various engineering societies − Engineers Australia − AusIMM − SME − CIM − SAIME − American Institute of Chemical Engineers Code of Ethics − National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) Code of Ethics
  • 19. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Hazard Assessment Techniques The selection of inherently safe processes in the concept stage can eliminate many hazards that would otherwise require complex and costly engineering in later design stages. Formalized hazard assessment techniques include: • Hazard and Operability study (HAZOP)-process related − Systematic technique for identifying all internal plant or equipment hazards and operability problems • HAZID - risk Assessment process for the facility as a whole • Fault-tree Analysis − A means of analyzing hazardous events after they’ve been identified by other techniques − Used to estimate the likelihood of an accident by breaking it down into its contributing sequences, each of which is separated into all its necessary events
  • 20. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Hazard Assessment Techniques (Cont.) • Failure Mode and Effect Analysis − Applied to a specific piece of equipment in a process or a particularly hazardous part of a larger process − To evaluate the frequency and consequences of component failures on the process and surroundings • Safety Indexes − Numerical fire and explosive indexes can be calculated based on the nature of the process and the properties of the materials • Safety Audits − To verify the adequacy of safety equipment and safety rules • Includes equipment for fire protection, personnel protection and on-site emergency responses • Detailed checklists covering every aspect of health, safety and loss prevention Autoclave 5,000 Kpa
  • 21. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Personnel Safety Considerations • Every attempt should be made to incorporate facilities for health and safety protection of plant personnel in the original design − Includes, but is not limited to: > Protected walkways > Platforms > Stairs > Work areas > Tripwires > Emergency exits > Nucleonic sources-density gauges • Physical hazards, if unavoidable must be clearly defined • Means for egress must be unmistakable • All machinery must be guarded with protective devices • Medical services and first aid must be readily available
  • 22. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Loss Prevention Also Important • “Loss Prevention” is an insurance term where the loss represents the financial loss associated with an accident • The loss represents: − the cost of repairing/replacing the damaged facility − damage claims − the loss of earnings from lost production during the repair period − any associated lost sales opportunities • The Design Engineer must ensure that the risks involved with hazards are reduced to acceptable levels through the application of engineering principles and proven engineering practice
  • 23. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Loss Prevention Steps 1. Identification and assessment of the major hazards 2. Control of the hazards by the most appropriate means E.g. containment, substitution, improved maintenance etc. 3. Control of the process i.e. prevention of hazardous conditions in process operating variables by utilizing automatic control and relief systems, interlocks, alarms etc. 4. Limitation of the loss when an accident occurs
  • 24. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Project Phases • Typical phases of a project and the corresponding application of safe plant design processes for each phase • The level of detail and the types of hazard studies undertaken will depend upon the project facility, the number and the types of risks identified in the risk review process
  • 25. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Safety In Design Impact
  • 26. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Environment Regulations • Environmental Impact Statements and Assessments − Requires determination of what environmental standards require compliance by the project − Obtaining baseline data > Air quality > Water quality > Ambient noise levels > Ecological studies and social surveys > Emissions and effluents − Examining existing data to determine environmental safety of the project − Preparation of an effluent and emission summary with possible alternatives to meet acceptable standards
  • 27. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Environment Protection • Development of a Pollution Control System involves: − Investigation of the pollution sources − the pollutants and the volume dispersed − Determination of the properties of the pollution emissions − Design of the collection and transfer systems − Selection of the control device − Dispersion of the exhaust to meet applicable regulations • Consideration should be given to changing raw materials used and even process operations if a significant reduction in pollution source can be attained • The extent to which source correction is justified depends on the cost of the proposed treatment plan
  • 28. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Safety Definitions • Lost time injury (LTI): A work injury that results in an absence from work for at least one full day or shift any time after the day or shift on which the injury occurred • Serious injury: A lost time injury that results in the injured person being disabled for a period of two weeks or more. • Minor injury: A lost time injury that results in the injured person being disabled for a period of less than two weeks • Incidence rate: The number of lost time injuries per 1000 employees for a 12 month period • Fatal injury incidence rate: The number of fatal injuries per 1000 employees for a 12 month period • Lost time injury frequency rate (LTIFR): The number of lost time injuries per million hours worked 28
  • 29. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE * Reference-Safe Work Australia Australia vs Rest of the World
  • 30. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE 1) Perform appropriate analyses 2) Comply with published standards 3) Use state-of-the-art technology 4) Include reasonable safety features or devices 5) Take into account how the user might misuse the product 6) Consider hidden dangers that might surprise the user 7) Consider variations in materials or manufacturing processes, or effects of wear 8) Carry out appropriate testing and interpret results correctly 9) Provide adequate warnings 10) Implement superior quality control 11) Document everything Guidelines For Safe Design
  • 31. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Designing For Safety • No injury to user, (products liability) • No injury to consumer /society-Vendors • No injury to production worker (e.g. OHSA) • No damage to personal property • No damage to real property (environment)
  • 32. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE 1. Eliminate the hazard pro-active approach, “design-out” the hazard (eliminate any moving parts, hot or sharp surfaces) 2. Protect against the hazard passive approach, (machine guards, seat belts) 3. Warn against the hazard - weak remedy, (warning labels, alarms) 4. Provide training Provide and require operating training. 5. Provide personal protection - least effective, (safety glasses, gloves, shoes) Risk Analysis in Design
  • 33. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Australian Standard Risk Matrix Risk Assessment Tool CONSEQUENCE LIKELIHOOD INSIGNIFICANT MINOR MODERATE MAJOR CATASTR OPHIC ALMOST CERTAIN High Risk 15 High Risk 10 Extreme Risk 6 Extreme Risk 3 Extreme Risk 1 LIKELY Moderate Risk 19 High Risk 14 High Risk 9 Extreme Risk 5 Extreme Risk 2 POSSIBLE Low Risk 22 Moderate Risk 18 High Risk 13 Extreme Risk 8 Extreme Risk 4 UNLIKELY Low Risk 24 Low Risk 21 Moderate Risk 17 High Risk 12 Extreme Risk 7 RARE Low Risk 25 Low Risk 23 Moderate Risk 20 High Risk 16 High Risk 11 Extreme (1) Cease activity or task; detailed research and planning required High (2) Senior management attention, immediate corrective and preventative action required. Moderate (3) Management responsibility assigned, corrective and preventative action plan developed Low (4) Manage by routine procedures
  • 34. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Plant Layout Impacts on Safety, functionality, operability, OH&S
  • 35. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE • Safe-Life – entire predicted useful life without malfunction – designers to identify all operating conditions, misuses and abuses – design appropriate maintenance and repair schedules • Fail-Safe – upon failure of a component, product/system shuts down safely, critical functions are sometimes still performed (e.g. boiler feed-water valve failing in the open position) • Redundant design – additional product components or systems are designed to take over the principle function of the failed component or system. (e.g. multi-engine airplanes, emergency brakes) Safe Design Principals
  • 36. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE SAI Global-Australian Standards
  • 37. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Construction is a Special Safety Case Construction • The installation of large and heavy plant items requires space and perhaps access for cranes. Such activities introduce risks not normally encountered in operating plants
  • 38. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE What is Registrable Classified Plant? • Basically, three main groups of registrable classified plant encountered on mining operations: – pressure vessels – cranes – hoists and other plant used to lift people 38
  • 39. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE What are relevant Australian Standards that Apply to Pressure Vessels? • Applicable standard for the design, construction and testing of pressure vessels is AS 1210 • Prescribed standard to assess the hazard level of a pressure vessel is AS 4343 • Applicable standard for in-service inspection and maintenance for pressure vessels is AS 3788 Tip: If you are responsible for classified plant at your site, make sure your maintenance staff are made aware of these requirements 39
  • 40. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE What About Boilers? • The applicable standard for the design, construction and testing of boilers is AS 1228 • AS 4343 is also used to assess the hazard level of a boiler Tip: Many boilers and pressure vessels are designed, manufactured and testing overseas using other design codes. If you’re in the market for a pressure vessel or boiler, always make sure that you specify and check that it is designed, constructed and tested to the applicable Australian Standard – otherwise you will encounter problems when trying to register it with Resources Safety. 40
  • 41. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Why is AS 4343 so important? • AS 4343 essentially takes into account the following when assessing the hazard level of a pressure vessel or boiler: − Internal volume − Design pressure − Contents Rule of thumb: The greater the volume, design pressure and more lethal the contents, the higher the hazard level Hazard level “A” is the highest and “C” is the lowest requiring registration 41
  • 42. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Cranes Hoists & Lifts Must Be Registered
  • 43. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Plant Siting and Layout Security • The site should be provided with a boundary fence and all entrances should have a gatehouse. • The number of entrances should be kept to a minimum.
  • 44. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Operability or Design? • No training • Poor workmanship • Poor design • Abuse of equipment • Neglect
  • 45. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE • Design for Safety: Prevent injury or damage • Hazards exist, and depend on conditions • We have Legal Responsibilities • Guidelines for Safe Products/systems • Safety Hierarchy - maximize our efforts • Safe Design Principles • Failure Modes & Effects Analysis (FMEA) Operational Health & Safety Summary
  • 46. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE Acknowledgement • Thanks to COM 2014 for the opportunity to present • Thanks to various companies, colleagues, engineers • METS engineering staff and consultants • Vendors for their input
  • 47. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE What did you get out of this presentation? Please share your thoughts in an informal discussion Questions ? Attendee Outcomes
  • 48. j ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSING DESIGN & VERIFICATION PRODUCT INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS TRAINING SKILLSHIRE THANK YOU www.metsengineering.com