The document outlines the problem solving method, which involves using a process of reflective thinking or reasoning to find solutions to problems. It defines problem solving as using rules to achieve goals or as concept formation and discovery learning. The key steps in the problem solving method are: 1) identifying and defining the problem clearly, 2) analyzing the problem by identifying given facts, 3) formulating tentative hypotheses to search for tentative solutions, 4) testing hypotheses to find a valid solution, and 5) verifying and checking results. The method helps develop reasoning skills but requires talented teachers and is not suitable for lower classes.

1. PROBLEM SOLVING
METHOD
Dr. G. Jaganmohana Rao
Faculty of Education
MITE, Kohima

2. Introduction:
The child is curious by nature. He wants to find out solutions of
many problems, which sometimes are puzzling even to the adults. The
problem solving method is one, which involves the use of the process of
problem solving or reflective thinking or reasoning. Problem solving
method, as the name indicated, begins with the statement of a problem
that challenges the students to find a solution.
Definitions:
“Problem solving is a set of events in which human beings was rules to
achieve some goals” – Gagne
“Problem solving involves concept formation and discovery learning” –
Ausubel
Cont..

3. “Problem solving is a planned attacks upon a difficulty or perplexity for
the purpose of findings a satisfactory solution”– Risk,T.M.
Steps in Problem Solving / Procedure for Problem solving:
Identifying and defining the problem: The student should be able to
identify and clearly define the problem. The problem that has been
identified should be interesting challenging and motivating for the
students to participate in exploring.
Analysing the problem: The problem should be carefully analysed as
to what is given and what is to be find out. Given facts must be identified
and expressed, if necessary in symbolic form.

4. Formulating tentative hypothesis: Formulating of hypothesis means
preparation of a list of possible reasons of the occurrence of the problem.
Formulating of hypothesis develops thinking and reasoning powers of the
child. The focus at this stage is on hypothesizing – searching for the
tentative solution to the problem.
Testing the hypothesis: Appropriate methods should be selected to test
the validity of the tentative hypothesis as a solution to the problem. If it is
not proved to be the solution, the students are asked to formulate
alternate hypothesis and proceed.
Verifying of the result or checking the result: No conclusion should
be accepted without being properly verified. At this step the students are
asked to determine their results and substantiate the expected solution.
The students should be able to make generalizations and apply it to their
daily life.

5. Merits:
 This method is psychological and scientific in nature
 It helps in developing good study habits and reasoning powers.
 It helps to improve and apply knowledge and experience.
 This method stimulates thinking of the child
 It helps to develop the power of expression of the child.
 The child learns how to act in new situation.
 It develops group feeling while working together.
 Teachers become familiar with his pupils.
 It develops analytical, critical and generalization abilities of the child.
 This method helps in maintaining discipline in the class.

6. Demerits:
• This is not suitable for lower classes
• There is lack of suitable books and references for children.
• It is not economical. It is wastage of time and energy.
• Teachers find it difficult to cover the prescribed syllabus.
• To follow this method talented teacher are required.
• There is always doubt of drawing wrong conclusions.
• Mental activities are more emphasized as compared to physical
activities.

7. Role of the Teacher:
Teacher must work as a facilitator.
Teacher must keep in mind that if in a child-directed learning not
teacher-directed.
Teacher must provide situation for all students to come formed and
contribute towards the success of the activity.
He must be alert and active to arouse interest among students.
Teacher must provide democratic atmosphere.
He must be initialize, tactful and we experienced.
Problem solving method can be an effective method for teaching
mathematics in the hands of an able and resourceful teacher of
mathematics.