This document discusses prior knowledge and its role in learning. It defines prior knowledge as a learner's existing attitudes, experiences, and knowledge that they bring with them. Prior knowledge affects how new information is perceived, organized, and connected to. The document also outlines how to use prior knowledge in instruction, such as identifying students' prior knowledge, deliberately using it to present new information, and checking for faulty prior knowledge. Various learning theories, conditions that influence transfer of learning, learning strategies, and instructional sequences are also presented.

2. PRIOR KNOWLEDGE =
LEARNER’S PRE-
EXISTING ATTITUDES
+ EXPERIENCES +
KNOWLEDGE.

3. obeliefs about ourselves as learners/readers
o awareness of our individual interests and
strengths
oMotivation and our desire to read
ATTITUDES

4. o everyday activities that relate to reading
o events in our lives that provide background
understanding
o family and community experiences that we bring
to school with us
EXPERIENCES

5. o of reading process itself
o of content (Literature, Science, and Mathematics)
o of topics (fables, photosynthesis, fractions)
o of concepts ( main idea, theory, numeration)
o of different of style and form (fiction and non-fiction)
o of the academic and personal goals.
KNOWLEDGE

6. 1. Prior knowledge affects how the learner perceives
new information.
2.Prior knowledge affects how a student organizes new
information.
3. Prior knowledge affects how easily students can make
connections for new information.
THE ROLE OF PRIOR KNOWLEDGE IN
CURRENT LEARNING

7. 1. Know what prior knowledge students bring to the
learning setting.
2. Use prior knowledge deliberately in the presentation
of new information.
3. Get the students to monitor their own prior
experiences and consciously use them in learning
information.
4. Check for faulty prior knowledge regularly so that it
is not allowed to continue to detract from learning.
HOW TO USE PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
IN INSTRUCTION

8. - is a basic human reasoning process used in science, art,
education and politics.
ANALOGY

9. Transfer is defined as the extent to which learning in one
situation influences learning or performance in another.
TRANSFER OF LEARNING

10. Negative Transfer occurs when previous learning
interferes with learning something new such as the
inability to work other word problems outside of the
exercises given in class.
 Positive Transfer previous learning is likely to facilitate
and enhance following learning.

11. 1. Theory of Mental Discipline
2. Theory of Identical Elements
3. Theory of Generalization
4. Theory of Configuration
THEORIES OF TRANSFER OF
LEARNING

12. • Task similarity exercises a strong influences on
transfer.
• The degree of original learning is an important
element in transfer.
• Personal variables such as intelligence, motivation
and past experiences, are important but difficult to
control, influence transfer.
SEVERAL CONDITIONS WHAT AND
HOW MUCH LEARNING CAN BE
TRANSFERRED(ELLIOT AT EL) :

13. Cognitive Strategies can be applied in learning problems,
such as paraphrasing, re-reading, estimating, outlining,
or guessing from context.
Metacognitive Learning Strategies include recognizing
when strategy is needed, selecting strategies, memorizing
strategy or rehearsing strategies, and assessing the
helpfulness of the strategies.
LEARNING STRATEGIES AND
METACOGNITIVE PROCESSES

14. 1. Pretest
2. Describe
3. Model
4. Verbal Practice
5. Controlled Practice
6. Grade-appropriate Practice
7. Posttest
8. Generalization
INSTRUCTIONAL SEQUENCE OF
STEPS FOR TEACHERS TO USE
(SCHUMAKER AND DESLER, 1992)

15. Key #1. Set Learning Environment
Key #2. Activate Prior Knowledge
Key #3. Use Variety of Approaches
Key #4. Engage Learner in a Dialogue
Key #5. Reinforce the Learning
FIVE KEY TO FACILITATING
LEARNING

16. Prepared by: Angielica Bandillo


17. http://analogyofteachinglevine.weebly.com/chapter-1.html
http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Reading-Response-Strategy-
Activating-Prior-Knowledge-Literacy-Center-457904
Facilitating Learning- Vega
REFERRENCES