The document discusses principles of fracture treatment, including definitions, types of fractures, diagnosis, classification, and management. It defines fractures and the two types that do not result from a single forceful episode: pathological and stress fractures. Diagnosis involves clinical examination and radiography. Fractures are classified based on location, direction, and condition of surrounding soft tissue. Management includes emergency splinting, definitive treatment of closed/reducible fractures conservatively or open/displaced fractures operatively, and rehabilitation. Operative options include open reduction with internal or external fixation.
This lecture is brief introduction into principles of fractures management.
The lecture presented and made by a 4th year medical student at kufa university.
This lecture is brief introduction into principles of fractures management.
The lecture presented and made by a 4th year medical student at kufa university.
a summary of the pertinent elbow anatomy, mechanism of injury, primary and secondary stabilizers of the elbow, and treatment options of elbow terrible triad
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Διάγνωση και αντιμετώπιση της οξείας ασταθειας της απω κερκιδωλενικής. Acute distal radioulnar joint Instability, isolated and with concommitan fracture, diagnosis and treatment
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
2. Definition of FractureDefinition of Fracture
• It is disruption of bone continuity.It is disruption of bone continuity.
Although most of #s occur as a resultAlthough most of #s occur as a result
of a single episode by a force powerfulof a single episode by a force powerful
enough to fracture a normal bone, thereenough to fracture a normal bone, there
are 2 types of # in which this is not so :are 2 types of # in which this is not so :
1.1. Pathological fract.Pathological fract.
2.2. Stress fract.Stress fract.
3. Pathological fracturePathological fracture::
It is one in which a bone isIt is one in which a bone is
broken through an areabroken through an area
weakened by pre-existingweakened by pre-existing
disease , & by a degree of forcedisease , & by a degree of force
that would have left normalthat would have left normal
bone intact e.g osteoporosis ,bone intact e.g osteoporosis ,
O.M. , bone tumours.O.M. , bone tumours.
4. Stress fractureStress fracture::
Bone , like other materials ,Bone , like other materials ,
reacts to repeated loading . Onreacts to repeated loading . On
occasion , it becomes fatiguedoccasion , it becomes fatigued
& a crack develops e.g military& a crack develops e.g military
installations , ballet dancers &installations , ballet dancers &
athletes.athletes.
6. Clinical Features ofClinical Features of
FractureFracture
• History of traumaHistory of trauma
• Symptoms & signs:Symptoms & signs:
1. Pain & tenderness 2. Swelling1. Pain & tenderness 2. Swelling
3. Deformity 4. Crepitus3. Deformity 4. Crepitus
5. Loss of function 6. Abnormal move.5. Loss of function 6. Abnormal move.
7. N.V. injuries7. N.V. injuries
7.
8. Radiographic FindingsRadiographic Findings
• Plain x-ray: should show joint abovePlain x-ray: should show joint above
& joint below , in at least 2 views ,& joint below , in at least 2 views ,
special views on request.special views on request.
• C.T.C.T.
• MRI : It is not helpful in fract.MRI : It is not helpful in fract.
diagnosis other than delineatingdiagnosis other than delineating
associated injuries to the CNS , S.T.associated injuries to the CNS , S.T.
disruption or occasionally fatiguedisruption or occasionally fatigue
fract.fract.
9. FractureFracture
ClassificationClassification
• Anat. LocationAnat. Location
• Direction of fract.Direction of fract.
LineLine
• Wherther the fract.Wherther the fract.
Is linear orIs linear or
comminutedcomminuted
• Condition ofCondition of
overlying S.T.overlying S.T.
• Mechnism of injuryMechnism of injury
• AO classificationAO classification
25. Emergency careEmergency care –– (splinting(splinting((
• Splint them where they lie.Splint them where they lie.
• Adequate splinting is desirable , why ?Adequate splinting is desirable , why ?
• Types of splints :Types of splints :
- improvised- improvised
- conventional- conventional
26. Definitive fractureDefinitive fracture
treatmenttreatment
The goal of fracture treatment is to obtain union
of the fracture in the most anatomical position
compatible with maximal functional return of the
extremity.
• ConservativeConservative
• OperativeOperative
27. ConservativeConservative
• Reduction : if displacedReduction : if displaced under G.A. theunder G.A. the
sooner the better.sooner the better.
steps :- traction , align (which fragment),steps :- traction , align (which fragment),
reverse mechanism of injury.reverse mechanism of injury.
• Immobilization : POP cast , slab ,Immobilization : POP cast , slab ,
traction (fixed or balanced).traction (fixed or balanced).
• Rehab.Rehab.
45. CONTRAINDICATIONS TO
SURGICAL REDUCTION AND
STABILIZATIONSituations in which there is a high probability for
failure with operative treatment are as follows:
1. Osteoporotic bone that is too fragile to allow
stabilization by internal or external fixation.
2. Soft tissues overlying the fracture or planned
surgical approach of such poor quality because of
scarring, burns,active infection, or dermatitis .
3. Active infection or osteomyelitis.
4. Fracture comminution to a degree that does not
allow successful reconstruction. This is most
commonly seen in severe intraarticular fractures.
5. General medical conditions that are contraindications
to anesthesia are generally contraindications to the
surgical treatment of fractures.
6. Undisplaced or stable impacted fractures in
acceptable position do not require surgical exposure
or reduction.
7. Inadequate equipment, manpower, training, and
