Elevators are used to luxate teeth by disrupting the periodontal ligaments. Forceps then expand the bony socket through five motions: apical pressure displaces the tooth's center of rotation and expands the socket; buccal and lingual/palatal pressure further expand the socket; rotational pressure tears the periodontal ligaments; and traction finally removes the tooth. Together, elevators and forceps work to luxate teeth from the alveolar process through bone expansion and ligament disruption.

1. PRINCIPLES OF ELEVATOR
AND FORCEPS USE
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2. PRINCIPLES OF ELEVATOR AND FORCEPS USE
The primary instruments used to remove a tooth from the alveolar process
are the elevator and extraction forceps.
Elevators help in the luxation of a tooth, and forceps continue that process
through bone expansion and disruption of periodontal attachments.
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3. PRINCIPLES OF ELEVATOR AND FORCEPS USE 3
The goal of forceps use is twofold:
(1) expansion of the bony socket by use of the wedge-shaped beaks of the forceps
and the movements of the tooth itself with the forceps, and (2) removal of the tooth
from the socket.

4. PRINCIPLES OF ELEVATOR AND FORCEPS USE
• The dental elevator consists of a handle, a shank, and a blade.
• Blades can be straight, triangular (Cryer), curved (Potts), or pointed (Crane pick).
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5. PRINCIPLES OF ELEVATOR AND FORCEPS USE
• Forceps can apply five major motions to luxate teeth and expand the bony socket:
The first is apical pressure, which accomplishes two goals:
(1) the tooth socket expansion (2) the center of rotation of the tooth is displaced apically.
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6. PRINCIPLES OF ELEVATOR AND FORCEPS USE
• The second major pressure or movement applied by forceps is the buccal force.
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7. PRINCIPLES OF ELEVATOR AND FORCEPS USE
• Third, lingual or palatal pressure is aimed at expanding the linguocrestal bone .
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8. PRINCIPLES OF ELEVATOR AND FORCEPS USE
• Fourth, rotational pressure, which causes some internal expansion of the tooth
socket and tearing of periodontal ligaments.
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9. PRINCIPLES OF ELEVATOR AND FORCEPS USE
• Finally, tractional forces are useful for delivering the tooth from the socket
once adequate bony expansion is achieved.
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10. Thank you for listening
Ahmed Abdulwahab
1330095