This document discusses primary and secondary standards. A primary standard is an extremely pure and stable reagent used as a reference in quantitative analysis. Examples include sodium carbonate and potassium hydrogen phthalate. A secondary standard is prepared in the laboratory by standardizing it against a primary standard. The National Institute of Standards and Technology provides standard reference materials that are secondary standards used to validate and calibrate analytical methods.

1. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
STANDARD
BY – VISHAL SINGH SOLANKI
YT CHANNEL - Pharma Rising PHARMA RISING

2. CONTENT
◈ WHAT IS STANDARD?
◈ TYPES OF STANDARD
◈ PRIMARY STANDARD
◈ SECONDARY STANDARD
◈ REFERENCE
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3. STANDARD
something used as a measure,
norm, or model in comparative
evaluations and a level of
quality.
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4. WHAT IS STANDARD?
Let’s start with the first set of slides
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5. STANDARD
◈ Standards are materials containing a precisely
known concentration of a substance for use in quantitative
analysis.
◈ A standard provides a reference that can be used to
determine unknown concentrations or
to calibrate analytical instruments.
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6. TYPES OF STANDARD
◈ PRIMARI STANDARD
◈ SECONDARY STANDARD
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7. PRIMARY STANDARD
◈ A primary standard is a reagent that is extremely pure and
stable; it not a hydrate/it has no water of hydration, and it
has a high molecular weight.
◈ Examples of primary standards for titration of acids are:
1. sodium carbonate: Na2CO3, mol wt. = 105.99 g/mol
2. tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS or THAM):
(CH2OH)3CNH2, mol wt. = 121.14 g/mol
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8. CONTI…
◈ Examples of primary standards for titration of bases are:
1. potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP): KHC8H4O4, mol
wt. = 204.23 g/mol
2. potassium hydrogen iodate: KH(IO3)2, mol wt. = 389.92
g/mol
◈ Examples of primary standards for redox titrations are:
1. potassium dichromate: K2Cr2O7, mol wt. = 294.19 g/mol
2. sodium oxalate: Na2C2O4 mol wt. = 134.00 g/mol 8
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9. SECONDARY STANDARD
◈ A secondary standard is a standard that is prepared in the
laboratory for a specific analysis.
◈ It is usually standardized against a primary standard.
◈ The NIST provides a wide variety of standard reference
materials (SRMs) for validating and calibrating analytical
methods.
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10. Some examples of SRMs are:
1. For chemical composition
◈ elements in iron, steels, and other metal alloys
◈ sulfur in fossil fuels
◈ polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in oils
◈ elements in foods and beverages (e.g. milk
powder, wheat flour)
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11. CONTI…
2. For physical properties
◈ • strength and melt flow of polyethylene pipe
◈ • radioactivity
◈ • electrical resistivity of silicon
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12. CONTI…
3. For engineering materials
◈ particle sizes
◈ magnetic computer storage media
◈ surface flammability
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13. REFERENCE
◈ Sharma Nitin and Sharma Anjana, Pharmaceutical
Analysis – I, Krishna’s Educational Publisher’s
◈ https://www.chemicool.com/definition/standards.html
◈ SLIDESHARE
◈ WIKIPEDIA
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THANKS!
Any questions?
Comment on comment box
You can can find me at on FB –
VISHAL SINGH SOLANKI &
vishalsolanki393@gmail.com
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15. CREDITS
Special thanks to all the people who really happy on
my success.
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