The document discusses various types of hospital-acquired infections including catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and surgical site infections (SSIs). It provides definitions, causes, risk factors, symptoms, and prevention strategies for each type of infection. The prevention strategies generally involve adhering to strict hand hygiene, aseptic techniques, limiting medical device use and duration, and regularly cleaning or changing parts of devices like catheters and access ports.

1. Hospital Infection Control
Bundles

2. Definition

3. Catheter
Associated
Urinary Tract
Infection
(CAUTI)
A CAUTI is a catheter-associated urinary tract
infection. They are most common in people
who need to wear a urinary catheter
frequently or for a long
CAUTI is an infection of the urinary tract
caused by a tube (urinary catheter) that has
been placed to drain urine from the bladder.
The urinary tract consists of the kidneys,
ureters (tubes joining the kidneys to the
bladder), bladder, and urethra (tube leading
from the bladder to the outside of the body).

4. Causes
The catheter may become
contaminated upon insertion.The
drainage bag may not be
emptied often enough.
Bacteria from a bowel
movement may get on the
catheter.Urine in the catheter
bag may flow backward into the
bladder.The catheter may not be
regularly cleaned.

5. Risk factors
The duration of urine catheter use
is the main risk factor for the
development of CAUTI and
bacteriuria .
The other potential risk factors,
including female gender,
pregnancy, and conditions like
poor nutrition, faecal
incontinence, illness severity, and
immunocompromised status .

6. Symptoms

7. Preventions
General strategies for preventing CAUTI
include measures such as adherence to
hand hygiene. Targeted strategies for
preventing CAUTI include limiting the use
and duration of urinary catheters, using
aseptic technique for catheter insertion,
and adhering to proper catheter care.
Clean around the catheter opening every
day.Clean the catheter with soap and
water every day.

8. Preventions

9. Central Line
Associated Blood
Stream Infections
(CLABSY)

10. Causes

11. Risk Factors

12. Risk Factors

13. Other Risk
Factors

14. Symptoms
Symptoms of localised infections include:-
RednessSwellingDischarge at central line
exit sit
Systemic infection symptoms include:-
Fever;Hypotension;Tachycardia;Respiratory
distress;Chills/rigors;

15. Preventions

16. Preventions
Maintain a closed system.Scrub access ports
(needleless caps) with antiseptic solution (70%
alcohol) for at least 15-20 seconds before
access.Use intermittent infusion caps of luer-
lock design to ensure a secure junction.
Change hubs or needleless connectors when it
is removed from the line; if there is blood/debris
within the cap; prior to blood sampling; upon
known contamination; and per organization or
manufacturer guidelines, policies or practice
procedures.Change hubs or needleless
connectors before and after blood sampling
provides greater protection to the patient.

17. Ventilator
Associated
Pneumonia (VAP)

18. Causes

19. Risk Factors

20. Risk Factors
Age > 65 years smoke
coronary heart
disease
Diabetes
chronic
obstructive
pulmonary
disease (COPD)
ICU and hospital
stay

21. Preventions

22. Preventions

23. Surgical Site
Infections (SSI)

24. Causes
Infections after surgery are
caused by germs. The most
common of these include the
bacteria Staphylococcus,
Streptococcus, and
Pseudomonas.
Clean-contaminated
wounds.Contaminated
wounds.Dirty wounds.

25. Risk Factors
Having surgery that lasts more than 2
hours.Having other medical problems
or diseases.Being an elderly
adult.Being overweight.Smoking.Having
cancer.Having a weak immune
system.Having diabetes.
01
Having abdominal surgery
02

26. Symptoms

27. Preventions

28. Preventions

29. Preventions