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The document discusses various types of hospital-acquired infections including catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and surgical site infections (SSIs). It provides definitions, causes, risk factors, symptoms, and prevention strategies for each type of infection. The prevention strategies generally involve adhering to strict hand hygiene, aseptic techniques, limiting medical device use and duration, and regularly cleaning or changing parts of devices like catheters and access ports.
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Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are the most common healthcare-associated infection. Escherichia coli is the primary cause, though other bacteria like Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can also cause CAUTI. Risk factors include the duration of catheterization and non-adherence to aseptic technique during insertion and care. Symptoms can range from urinary issues to more systemic signs. Diagnosis involves urinalysis and culture, with over 102 CFU/mL indicating infection. Prevention focuses on limiting unnecessary catheter use and optimizing aseptic practices, while treatment involves antibiotics targeted to the identified bacteria.
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Outbreak management including quarantine, isolation, contact.pptx
Presentation (2).pptx
- 2. Definition
- 3. Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) A CAUTI is a catheter-associated urinary tract infection. They are most common in people who need to wear a urinary catheter frequently or for a long CAUTI is an infection of the urinary tract caused by a tube (urinary catheter) that has been placed to drain urine from the bladder. The urinary tract consists of the kidneys, ureters (tubes joining the kidneys to the bladder), bladder, and urethra (tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body).
- 4. Causes The catheter may become contaminated upon insertion.The drainage bag may not be emptied often enough. Bacteria from a bowel movement may get on the catheter.Urine in the catheter bag may flow backward into the bladder.The catheter may not be regularly cleaned.
- 5. Risk factors The duration of urine catheter use is the main risk factor for the development of CAUTI and bacteriuria . The other potential risk factors, including female gender, pregnancy, and conditions like poor nutrition, faecal incontinence, illness severity, and immunocompromised status .
- 6. Symptoms
- 7. Preventions General strategies for preventing CAUTI include measures such as adherence to hand hygiene. Targeted strategies for preventing CAUTI include limiting the use and duration of urinary catheters, using aseptic technique for catheter insertion, and adhering to proper catheter care. Clean around the catheter opening every day.Clean the catheter with soap and water every day.
- 8. Preventions
- 9. Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections (CLABSY)
- 10. Causes
- 11. Risk Factors
- 12. Risk Factors
- 14. Symptoms Symptoms of localised infections include:- RednessSwellingDischarge at central line exit sit Systemic infection symptoms include:- Fever;Hypotension;Tachycardia;Respiratory distress;Chills/rigors;
- 15. Preventions
- 16. Preventions Maintain a closed system.Scrub access ports (needleless caps) with antiseptic solution (70% alcohol) for at least 15-20 seconds before access.Use intermittent infusion caps of luer- lock design to ensure a secure junction. Change hubs or needleless connectors when it is removed from the line; if there is blood/debris within the cap; prior to blood sampling; upon known contamination; and per organization or manufacturer guidelines, policies or practice procedures.Change hubs or needleless connectors before and after blood sampling provides greater protection to the patient.
- 18. Causes
- 19. Risk Factors
- 20. Risk Factors Age > 65 years smoke coronary heart disease Diabetes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ICU and hospital stay
- 21. Preventions
- 22. Preventions
- 24. Causes Infections after surgery are caused by germs. The most common of these include the bacteria Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Pseudomonas. Clean-contaminated wounds.Contaminated wounds.Dirty wounds.
- 25. Risk Factors Having surgery that lasts more than 2 hours.Having other medical problems or diseases.Being an elderly adult.Being overweight.Smoking.Having cancer.Having a weak immune system.Having diabetes. 01 Having abdominal surgery 02
- 26. Symptoms
- 27. Preventions
- 28. Preventions
- 29. Preventions