This power point was prepared for the course named as Chemical Engineering Apparatus Design. Target group was 4th year chemical engineering Students for the first semester
Get full Course here:
www.ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com/Courses
The BASIC Aspen HYSYS Course will show you how to model and simulate Processes (From Petrochemical, to Ammonia Synthesis and Polymerisation).
Analysis of Unit Operation will help you in order to optimise the Chemical Plant.
This is helpful for students, teachers, engineers and researchers in the area of R&D and Plant Design/Operation.
The course is didactic, with a lot of applied theory and Workshops/Study cases.
At the end of the course you will be able to setup a simulation, run it, get results and more important, analysis of the process for further optimization.
Chemical Engineers
Process Engineers
Students related to engineering fields
Teachers willing to learn more about process simulation
Petrochemical Engineers
This power point was prepared for the course named as Chemical Engineering Apparatus Design. Target group was 4th year chemical engineering Students for the first semester
Get full Course here:
www.ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com/Courses
The BASIC Aspen HYSYS Course will show you how to model and simulate Processes (From Petrochemical, to Ammonia Synthesis and Polymerisation).
Analysis of Unit Operation will help you in order to optimise the Chemical Plant.
This is helpful for students, teachers, engineers and researchers in the area of R&D and Plant Design/Operation.
The course is didactic, with a lot of applied theory and Workshops/Study cases.
At the end of the course you will be able to setup a simulation, run it, get results and more important, analysis of the process for further optimization.
Chemical Engineers
Process Engineers
Students related to engineering fields
Teachers willing to learn more about process simulation
Petrochemical Engineers
Course by Chemical Engineering Guy
Check out full course:
http://www.chemicalengineeringguy.com/courses/aspen-plus-physical-properties-course/
Ask me for special discounts, or checkout "SURPIRSE" tab in my site for special discounts.
This is course on Process Simulation will show you how to model, manipulate and report thermodynamic, transport, physical and chemical properties of substances.
You will learn about:
Physical Property Environment
Physical Property Method & Method Assistant
Fluid and Property Packages
Physical property input, modeling, estimation and regression
Thermodynamic Properties (Material/Energy balances and Thermodynamic Processes)
Transport Properties for (Mass/Heat/Momentum Transfer)
Equilibrium Properties (Vapor-Liquid, Liquid-Liquid, etc...)
Getting Results (Plots, Graphs, Tables)
This is an excellent way to get started with Aspen Plus. Understanding the physical property environment will definitively help you in the simulation and flowsheet creation!
This is a "workshop-based" course, there is about 50% theory and about 50% practice!
Distillation Towers (Columns) presentation on Types, governing Equations and ...Hassan ElBanhawi
Based on my 8 years of experience in Oil & Gas industry I can claim that you can find here All what you need to know about Columns. This is an introduction to understand more about their:-
-Types
-Basic Principles and equations
-Distillation System
-P&ID Symbols
-Worked Example
You can find also more at:
http://hassanelbanhawi.com/staticequipment/columns/
All the data and the illustrative figures presented here can be found through two reference books:-
ENGINEERING DATA BOOK by Gas Processors Suppliers Association
Process Technology - Equipment and Systems by Charles E. Thomas
Thank you.
Safety is the most important factor in designing a process system. Some undesired conditions might happen leading to damage in a system. Control systems might be installed to prevent such conditions, but a second safety device is also needed. One kind of safety device which is commonly used in the processing industry is the relief valve. A relief valve is a type of valve to control or limit the pressure in a system by allowing the pressurised fluid to flow out from the system.
These slides are developed for a part of the undergraduate course in Petroleum Refinery Engineering. The slides are also helpful for Masters level introductory course.
Types of Distillation & column internalsBharat Kumar
More:- https://chemicalengineeringworld.com
Distillation is a method of separating the components of a solution which depends upon distribution of the substances between a gas and liquid phase, applied to cases where all components are present in both phases.
* What is distillation ?
* Types of Distillation
* Batch Distillation
* Azeotropic Distillation
* Flooding
* Priming
* Coning
* Weeping
* Dumping
* Packed Column
* Tray column
* Reflux Ratio
* Relative volatility
* Distillation column
Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility (volatility is the tendency of a substance to vaporize. Volatility is directly related to a substance's vapor pressure.) of components in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction
Processing of petroleum types of refluxKarnav Rana
PROCESSING OF PETROLEUM :TYPES OF REFLUX
arrangements of distillation towers
Pump back reflux and pump around reflux
Side stripping columns
process refining & petrochemicals
What is the Difference Between a Pressure Vessel Tank and a Storage Tank? The primary difference between these two is that pressure vessels contain liquids/gases at a pressure above the atmospheric pressure. On the other hand, storage tanks store either liquids or gases at normal atmospheric pressure.
Design & Stress Analysis of a Cylinder with Closed ends using ANSYSIJERA Editor
The significance of the title of the project comes to front with designing structure of the pressure vessel for static loading and its assessment by ANSYS , is basically a project concerned with design of different pressure vessel elements such as shell, Dish end ,operating manhole ,support leg based on standards and codes ; and evolution of shell and dish end analysed by means of ANSYS .The key feature included in the project is to check the behaviour of pressure vessel in case of fluctuating load . The procedural step includes various aspects such as selecting the material based on American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) codes ,and then designing on the standards procedures with referring standard manuals based on ASME .Further we have included the different manufacturing methods practice by the industries and different aspects of it .
Course by Chemical Engineering Guy
Check out full course:
http://www.chemicalengineeringguy.com/courses/aspen-plus-physical-properties-course/
Ask me for special discounts, or checkout "SURPIRSE" tab in my site for special discounts.
This is course on Process Simulation will show you how to model, manipulate and report thermodynamic, transport, physical and chemical properties of substances.
You will learn about:
Physical Property Environment
Physical Property Method & Method Assistant
Fluid and Property Packages
Physical property input, modeling, estimation and regression
Thermodynamic Properties (Material/Energy balances and Thermodynamic Processes)
Transport Properties for (Mass/Heat/Momentum Transfer)
Equilibrium Properties (Vapor-Liquid, Liquid-Liquid, etc...)
Getting Results (Plots, Graphs, Tables)
This is an excellent way to get started with Aspen Plus. Understanding the physical property environment will definitively help you in the simulation and flowsheet creation!
This is a "workshop-based" course, there is about 50% theory and about 50% practice!
Distillation Towers (Columns) presentation on Types, governing Equations and ...Hassan ElBanhawi
Based on my 8 years of experience in Oil & Gas industry I can claim that you can find here All what you need to know about Columns. This is an introduction to understand more about their:-
-Types
-Basic Principles and equations
-Distillation System
-P&ID Symbols
-Worked Example
You can find also more at:
http://hassanelbanhawi.com/staticequipment/columns/
All the data and the illustrative figures presented here can be found through two reference books:-
ENGINEERING DATA BOOK by Gas Processors Suppliers Association
Process Technology - Equipment and Systems by Charles E. Thomas
Thank you.
Safety is the most important factor in designing a process system. Some undesired conditions might happen leading to damage in a system. Control systems might be installed to prevent such conditions, but a second safety device is also needed. One kind of safety device which is commonly used in the processing industry is the relief valve. A relief valve is a type of valve to control or limit the pressure in a system by allowing the pressurised fluid to flow out from the system.
These slides are developed for a part of the undergraduate course in Petroleum Refinery Engineering. The slides are also helpful for Masters level introductory course.
Types of Distillation & column internalsBharat Kumar
More:- https://chemicalengineeringworld.com
Distillation is a method of separating the components of a solution which depends upon distribution of the substances between a gas and liquid phase, applied to cases where all components are present in both phases.
* What is distillation ?
* Types of Distillation
* Batch Distillation
* Azeotropic Distillation
* Flooding
* Priming
* Coning
* Weeping
* Dumping
* Packed Column
* Tray column
* Reflux Ratio
* Relative volatility
* Distillation column
Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility (volatility is the tendency of a substance to vaporize. Volatility is directly related to a substance's vapor pressure.) of components in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction
Processing of petroleum types of refluxKarnav Rana
PROCESSING OF PETROLEUM :TYPES OF REFLUX
arrangements of distillation towers
Pump back reflux and pump around reflux
Side stripping columns
process refining & petrochemicals
What is the Difference Between a Pressure Vessel Tank and a Storage Tank? The primary difference between these two is that pressure vessels contain liquids/gases at a pressure above the atmospheric pressure. On the other hand, storage tanks store either liquids or gases at normal atmospheric pressure.
Design & Stress Analysis of a Cylinder with Closed ends using ANSYSIJERA Editor
The significance of the title of the project comes to front with designing structure of the pressure vessel for static loading and its assessment by ANSYS , is basically a project concerned with design of different pressure vessel elements such as shell, Dish end ,operating manhole ,support leg based on standards and codes ; and evolution of shell and dish end analysed by means of ANSYS .The key feature included in the project is to check the behaviour of pressure vessel in case of fluctuating load . The procedural step includes various aspects such as selecting the material based on American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) codes ,and then designing on the standards procedures with referring standard manuals based on ASME .Further we have included the different manufacturing methods practice by the industries and different aspects of it .
A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure. The presentation involves the various understanding aspects of the design of a pressure vessel.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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Chemical Engineering Apparatus Design Lecture note.pdf
1. Mettu University
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department
Lecture Note on Chemical Engineering Apparatus Design
Targeted group- 4th year chemical engineering students
By Muktar A. (2014/2022)
We are dedicatedtoservethecommunity
3. Warm-up questions (learning objective)
•What is pressure vessel
•What factors a process engineer must consider when setting
specifications for a pressure vessel
•How pressure vessels are designed and what determines the
vessel wall thickness
•How the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is used in
pressure vessel design
4. Mechanical Design of Process Equipment:
This chapter covers those aspects of the mechanical
design of chemical plant that are of particular interest to
chemical engineers.
The main topic considered is the design of pressure
vessels.
The chemical engineer will not usually be called on to
undertake the detailed mechanical design of a pressure
vessel.
Introduction
5. ……Continued
Vessel design is a specialised subject, and will be carried
out by mechanical engineers who are conversant with the
current design codes and practices, and methods of stress
analysis.
However, the chemical engineer will be responsible for
developing and specifying the basic design information for
a particular vessel, and needs to have a general
appreciation of pressure vessel design to work effectively
with the specialist designer.
6. ……Continued
The basic data needed by the specialist designer will be:
Vessel function
Process materials and services
Operating and design temperature and pressure
Materials of construction
Vessel dimensions and orientation
Type of vessel heads to be used
Openings and connections required
Specification of heating and cooling jackets or coils
Type of agitator
Specification of internal fittings
8. Introduction
Pressure vessels are an integral part of many manufacturing facilities and
processing plants, enabling the safe storage of pressurized liquids and gases.
Pressure Vessels are containers which are designed to hold liquids, vapors, or
gases at high pressures, usually above 15 psig. Examples of common pressure
vessels used in the petroleum refining and chemical processing industries
From industrial boilers and bottles to gasoline tankers pressure vessels operate
in a wide array of potentially hazardous environments.
Each individual vessel has its own operating limits built in by design that it
has to work under, referred to as its design pressure and design temperature.
Operating outside of these limits could damage the equipment and potentially
lead to loss of containment or catastrophic failure
9. Continued
Because they work under immense pressures, a ruptured pressure
vessel can be incredibly dangerous, leading to poison gas leaks,
fires, and even explosions
For this reason, pressure vessel safety is imperative. However if
not properly designed, constructed and maintained, pressure
vessels can be extremely dangerous
Pressure vessels can be dangerous, and fatal accidents have
occurred in the history of their development and operation. Hence
pressure vessels should be designed and analysed as per
standards.
There are several standards and practices that cover the
construction, maintenance, and inspection of pressure vessels.
Among these standards are ASME Section VIII and API 510.
10. Continued
ASME Section VIII is the section of the ASME Boiler & Pressure
Vessel Code (BPVC) that covers pressure vessels.
It gives detailed requirements for the design, fabrication, testing,
inspection, and certification of both fired and unfired pressure vessels.
API 510, "Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection,
Rating, Repair, and Alteration" is an inspection code, written and
published by the American Petroleum Institute, that covers the in-
service inspection, repair, alteration, and rerating activities for
pressure vessels and the pressure relieving devices protecting these
vessels.
11. Accidents Occurs in the History of Pressure Vessel
(Sumit Dubal and Hemantkumar kadam)
Bhopal (India)-gas Leakage; December 2, 1984; 25000 killed, 600000 injured.
Feyzin (France) Explosion; January 4, 1966; 18 killed, 81 injured.
Texas city (America); March 23, 2005; 15 killed, 150 injured.
12. Definition of Design
Design is a plan or specification for the construction of an
object or system or for the implementation of an activity
or process, or the result of that plan or specification in the
form of a prototype, product or process.
It is the synthesis, the putting together, of ideas to achieve
a desired purpose.
13. Definition of Pressure vessel
A pressure vessel is considered as any closed vessel that is
capable of storing a pressurized fluid, either internal or
external pressure.
A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold
compressed gases or liquids at a pressure substantially
different from the ambient pressure
Pressure vessels are the basic equipment for any fluid
processing system.
Is generally accepted that Any closed vessel over 150 mm
diameter subject to a pressure difference of more than 0.5
bar should be designed as a pressure vessel.
14. …… Continued
The liquid and gaseous chemicals are stored in a
pressurized chambers (pressure vessels) for a chemical
reaction.
Pressure vessels are used for either transmitting fluid or
for storing fluid.
Storage vessels are widely used in industrial plants for
storing chemical at below or higher than the atmospheric
pressure.
15. ….. Continued
More complicated shapes have historically been much
harder to analyse for safe operation and are usually far
harder to construct.
Theoretically a sphere would be the optimal shape of a
pressure vessel.
Unfortunately the sphere shape is difficult to
manufacture, therefore more expensive, so most of the
pressure vessels are cylindrical shape with 2:1 semi
elliptical heads or end caps on each end.
16. Applications of pressure vessels
Storage of medical gases.
Storage of breathing gases
in diving cylinder.
Storage of gaseous fuels
for internal combustion
engines,
heating equipment and
cooking such as LP gas,
butane and propane.
Storage of gases used for
oxy-fuel welding and
cutting.
Medical fields
Chemical Engineering Fields
17. Causes of Pressure Vessel Failure
Generally, failure of pressure vessels occurred due to one of the following
reasons:
Improper Selection Material is the major part of the defect in
the vessel.
Incorrect design or incorrect design data and also, the
inaccurate or incorrect design methods
Poor quality control and improper fabrication procedures
including welding are fabrication problems.
Failure due to corrosion fatigue.
Due to environmental problems.
18. Factors to be Considered for Designing of Pressure Vessel
Maximum allowable working pressure or design pressure is
the main factor for pressure vessel design.
Pressure in the vessel should not exceed the maximum
allowable pressure otherwise it fails.
Allowable working temperature range or design temp. is
also an important factor for pressure vessel design, if
temperature varies beyond temperature limits then it tends
to alter the properties of material.
Factor of safety
Corrosion allowance is the amount of material in vessel that
is available for corrosion without affecting the pressure
containing integrity.
19. Loads Acting on Pressure Vessel
In working condition, pressure vessels are subjected to following
loads:
Internal or external design pressure
Weight of the vessel and normal contents under
operating or test conditions (this includes additional
pressure due to static head of liquids)
Superimposed static reactions from weight of attached
equipment, such as motors, machinery, other vessels,
piping, linings, and insulation
20. …. Continued
The attachments of internals and vessel supports such as
lugs, rings, skirts, saddles, and legs
Cyclic and dynamic reactions due to pressure or thermal
variations or from equipment mounted on a vessel, and
mechanical loadings
Impact reactions such as those due to fluid shock
Temperature gradients and differential thermal expansion
21. Classification of Pressure vessel
For the purposes of design and analysis, pressure vessels
are subdivided into two classes depending on the ratio of
the wall thickness to vessel diameter:
Thin-walled Pressure vessels, with a thickness ratio of
less than 1:10, and
Thick-walled Pressure vessels above , with a thickness ratio
of greater than 1: 10.
Fig. Principal stresses in pressure-vessel wall
23. …..Continued
In a thick wall, the magnitude of the radial stress will be
significant, and the circumferential stress will vary across
the wall.
The majority of the vessels used in the chemical and allied
industries are classified as thin-walled pressure vessels.
Considering the figure above ,the principal stresses
acting at a point in the wall of a vessel, due to a
pressure load
24. If the wall is thin, the radial stress σ3will be small and can
be neglected in comparison with the other stresses, and the
longitudinal and circumferential stresses σ1 and σ2 can be
taken as constant over the wall thickness.
In a thick wall, the magnitude of the radial stress will be
significant, and the circumferential stress will vary across
the wall.
The majority of the vessels used in the chemical and allied
industries are classified as thin-walled vessels.
Thick-walled vessels are used for high pressures.
…..Continued
25. Pressure Vessel Codes And Standards
The primary purpose of the design codes is to establish rules of safety
relating to the pressure integrity of vessels and provide guidance on
design, materials of construction, fabrication, inspection, and testing.
They form a basis of agreement between the manufacturer, the
customer, and the customer’s insurance company.
Among sections of the ASME BPV Codes Most chemical plant and
refinery vessels fall within the scope of Section VIII of the ASME
BPV Code.
26. ….Continued
Section VIII contains three subdivisions:
Division 1: contains general rules and is most commonly
followed, particularly for low-pressure vessels.
Division 2: contains alternative rules that are more
restrictive on materials, design temperatures, design details,
fabrication methods, and inspection, but allow higher
design stresses and hence thinner vessel walls.
Division 3 : rules are usually chosen for large, high-
pressure vessels where the savings in metal cost and
fabrication complexity offset the higher engineering and
construction costs.
27. Stress in Cylindrical Pressure Vessel
Examples: Compressed air tanks, rocket
motors, fire extinguishers, spray cans,
propane tanks, grain silos, pressurized
pipes, etc.
Let consider the normal stresses
in a thin walled circular tank
AB subjected to internal
pressure p. σ1 and σ2 are the
membrane stresses in the wall.
No shear stresses act on these
elements because of the
symmetry of the vessel and its
loading, therefore σ1 and σ2 are
the principal stresses.
28. ….Continued
Because of their directions, the stress σ1 is called circumferential
stress or the hoop stress, and the stress σ2 is called the longitudinal
stress or the axial stress
Equilibrium of forces to find
the circumferential stress:
29. ….. Continued
Equilibrium of forces to find
the longitudinal stress
This longitudinal stress is equal to the membrane stress in a
spherical vessel. Then
Note that the longitudinal welded seam in a pressure tank must be
twice as strong as the circumferential seam
30. Stress in Spherical Pressure Vessel (Longitudinal stress)
• Consider a spherical pressure vessel with radius r and
wall thickness t subjected to an internal gage pressure p.
• The normal stresses σ can be related to the pressure p by
inspecting a free body diagram of the pressure vessel. To
simplify the analysis, we cut the vessel in half as illustrated.
The stress around the wall must have a net resultant
forces acting in the pressure vessel to balance the internal
pressure across the cross-section.