This document summarizes a final presentation on four months of training in mechanical engineering. It includes topics on the mechanical department, static equipment, pressure vessels, material selection, failures, software used for calculations, and vessel calculation formulas. Diagrams are presented showing examples of horizontal and vertical pressure vessel design in 3D and 2D.
Static and Fatigue Analysis of Pressure Vessel as per ASME CodesUtsav Patel
The problem statement is to design a pressure vessel working as an adsorber in a chemical plant. Design data calculated as per ASME BPVC Section VIII/Division I and it analyzed as per ASME BPVC Section VIII/Division II. You can trust this data.
If you need any help regarding this, contact me via LinkedIn.
Static and Fatigue Analysis of Pressure Vessel as per ASME CodesUtsav Patel
The problem statement is to design a pressure vessel working as an adsorber in a chemical plant. Design data calculated as per ASME BPVC Section VIII/Division I and it analyzed as per ASME BPVC Section VIII/Division II. You can trust this data.
If you need any help regarding this, contact me via LinkedIn.
Design by Analysis - A general guideline for pressure vesselAnalyzeForSafety
This presentation file is provided by Mr. Ghanbari and published under permission.
The presentation gives an introduction and general guideline for pressure vessel design by analysis.
The “design by analysis” procedures are intended to guard against eight possible pressure vessel failure modes by performing a detailed stress analysis of the vessel with the sufficient design factors. The failure modes are:
1.excessive elastic deformation, including elastic instability,
2.excessive plastic deformation,
3.brittle fracture,
4.stress rupture/creep deformation (inelastic),
5.plastic instability - incremental collapse,
6.high strain - low cycle fatigue,
7.stress corrosion, and
8.corrosion fatigue
Most of the “design by analysis” procedures that are given in ASME BPVC relate to designs based on “elastic analysis.”
The design-by-analysis requirements are organized based on protection against the failure modes listed below. The component shall be evaluated for each applicable failure mode. If multiple assessment procedures are provided for a failure mode, only one of these procedures must be satisfied to qualify the design of a component.
a)All pressure vessels within the scope of this Division, irrespective of size or pressure, shall be provided with protection against overpressure in accordance with the requirements of this Part.
b)Protection Against Plastic Collapse – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules.
c)Protection Against Local Failure – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules. It is not necessary to evaluate the local strain limit criterion if the component design is in accordance with Part 4 (i.e. component wall thickness and weld detail per paragraph 4.2).
d)Protection Against Collapse From Buckling – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules and the applied loads result in a compressive stress field.
e)Protection Against Failure From Cyclic Loading – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules and the applied loads are cyclic. In addition, these requirements can also be used to qualify a component for cyclic loading where the thickness and size of the component are established using the design-by-rule requirements of Part 4.
This power point was prepared for the course named as Chemical Engineering Apparatus Design. Target group was 4th year chemical engineering Students for the first semester
Piping Training course-How to be an Expert in Pipe & Fittings for Oil & Gas c...Varun Patel
Course Description
Piping a must know skill to work in Oil & Gas and similar Process Industries.
Oil and Gas industry is become a very competitive in the current time. Getting right mentor and right exposer within industry is difficult. With limited training budget spent by company on employee training, it is difficult to acquire the knowledge to success.
Knowing cross-functional skill give you an edge over others in your career success.
This course design based on years of field experience to ensure student will comprehend technical details easily and enjoy overall journey.
Learn in detail every aspect of Pipe & Pipe Fittings used in process industry
•Different types of Pipe, Pipe fittings (Elbow, Tee, reducers, Caps etc.), Flanges, Gaskets, Branch Connection, Bolting materials
•Materials (Metal-Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, Alloy Steel etc. Non-Metal- PVC/VCM, HDPE, GRE-GRP etc.)
•Manufacturing methods
•Heat treatment requirements
•Inspection and Testing requirements (Non Destructive Testing, Mechanical & Chemical testing)
•Dimensions & Markings requirements
•Code & Standard used in piping
Content and Overview
With 2 hours of content including 30 lectures & 8 Quizzes, this course cover every aspect of Pipe, Pipe fittings, flanges, gaskets, branch connections and bolting material used in Process Piping.
This Course is divided in three parts.
1st part of the course covers fundamental of process industries. In this Part, you will learn about fundamental process piping. You will also learn about Code, Standard & Specification used in process industries.
2nd part cover various types of material used in process industries. In this part, you will learn about Metallic and Non-Metallic material used to manufacture pipe and other piping components.
3rd parts covers in detail about pipe and piping components used in Process piping. In this part we will learn about Industry terminology of Piping components, types of industrial material grade used in manufacturing and entire manufacturing process of these components. You will learn about different manufacturing methods, Heat treatment requirements, Destructive and Non-destructive testing, Visual & Dimensional inspection and Product marking requirements.
Upon completion, you will be able to use this knowledge direct on your Job and you can easily answer any interview question on pipe & fittings.
Design by Analysis - A general guideline for pressure vesselAnalyzeForSafety
This presentation file is provided by Mr. Ghanbari and published under permission.
The presentation gives an introduction and general guideline for pressure vessel design by analysis.
The “design by analysis” procedures are intended to guard against eight possible pressure vessel failure modes by performing a detailed stress analysis of the vessel with the sufficient design factors. The failure modes are:
1.excessive elastic deformation, including elastic instability,
2.excessive plastic deformation,
3.brittle fracture,
4.stress rupture/creep deformation (inelastic),
5.plastic instability - incremental collapse,
6.high strain - low cycle fatigue,
7.stress corrosion, and
8.corrosion fatigue
Most of the “design by analysis” procedures that are given in ASME BPVC relate to designs based on “elastic analysis.”
The design-by-analysis requirements are organized based on protection against the failure modes listed below. The component shall be evaluated for each applicable failure mode. If multiple assessment procedures are provided for a failure mode, only one of these procedures must be satisfied to qualify the design of a component.
a)All pressure vessels within the scope of this Division, irrespective of size or pressure, shall be provided with protection against overpressure in accordance with the requirements of this Part.
b)Protection Against Plastic Collapse – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules.
c)Protection Against Local Failure – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules. It is not necessary to evaluate the local strain limit criterion if the component design is in accordance with Part 4 (i.e. component wall thickness and weld detail per paragraph 4.2).
d)Protection Against Collapse From Buckling – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules and the applied loads result in a compressive stress field.
e)Protection Against Failure From Cyclic Loading – these requirements apply to all components where the thickness and configuration of the component is established using design-by-analysis rules and the applied loads are cyclic. In addition, these requirements can also be used to qualify a component for cyclic loading where the thickness and size of the component are established using the design-by-rule requirements of Part 4.
This power point was prepared for the course named as Chemical Engineering Apparatus Design. Target group was 4th year chemical engineering Students for the first semester
Piping Training course-How to be an Expert in Pipe & Fittings for Oil & Gas c...Varun Patel
Course Description
Piping a must know skill to work in Oil & Gas and similar Process Industries.
Oil and Gas industry is become a very competitive in the current time. Getting right mentor and right exposer within industry is difficult. With limited training budget spent by company on employee training, it is difficult to acquire the knowledge to success.
Knowing cross-functional skill give you an edge over others in your career success.
This course design based on years of field experience to ensure student will comprehend technical details easily and enjoy overall journey.
Learn in detail every aspect of Pipe & Pipe Fittings used in process industry
•Different types of Pipe, Pipe fittings (Elbow, Tee, reducers, Caps etc.), Flanges, Gaskets, Branch Connection, Bolting materials
•Materials (Metal-Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, Alloy Steel etc. Non-Metal- PVC/VCM, HDPE, GRE-GRP etc.)
•Manufacturing methods
•Heat treatment requirements
•Inspection and Testing requirements (Non Destructive Testing, Mechanical & Chemical testing)
•Dimensions & Markings requirements
•Code & Standard used in piping
Content and Overview
With 2 hours of content including 30 lectures & 8 Quizzes, this course cover every aspect of Pipe, Pipe fittings, flanges, gaskets, branch connections and bolting material used in Process Piping.
This Course is divided in three parts.
1st part of the course covers fundamental of process industries. In this Part, you will learn about fundamental process piping. You will also learn about Code, Standard & Specification used in process industries.
2nd part cover various types of material used in process industries. In this part, you will learn about Metallic and Non-Metallic material used to manufacture pipe and other piping components.
3rd parts covers in detail about pipe and piping components used in Process piping. In this part we will learn about Industry terminology of Piping components, types of industrial material grade used in manufacturing and entire manufacturing process of these components. You will learn about different manufacturing methods, Heat treatment requirements, Destructive and Non-destructive testing, Visual & Dimensional inspection and Product marking requirements.
Upon completion, you will be able to use this knowledge direct on your Job and you can easily answer any interview question on pipe & fittings.
This PPT gives information about:
1. WHERE condintion,
2. Order By,
3. Group By,
4. SQL Standard
5. SQL Queries
6. SQL Database Tables
7. SQL Injection
Design & Stress Analysis of a Cylinder with Closed ends using ANSYSIJERA Editor
The significance of the title of the project comes to front with designing structure of the pressure vessel for static loading and its assessment by ANSYS , is basically a project concerned with design of different pressure vessel elements such as shell, Dish end ,operating manhole ,support leg based on standards and codes ; and evolution of shell and dish end analysed by means of ANSYS .The key feature included in the project is to check the behaviour of pressure vessel in case of fluctuating load . The procedural step includes various aspects such as selecting the material based on American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) codes ,and then designing on the standards procedures with referring standard manuals based on ASME .Further we have included the different manufacturing methods practice by the industries and different aspects of it .
Design and Analysis of Vapour Absorbing MachineIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Chemical Engineering Apparatus Design lecture noteMuktar Abdu
-mechanical design of process equipments
-Internal pressure of pressure vessel
-Thick and thin walled pressure vessels
-application area of thin and thick walled pressure vessels
-Principal stresses formed by internal pressure
-Radial,longitudinal and circumferential stresses
-maximum allowable thickness
-parameters of pressure design
Industrial Spherical pressure vessel design & analysis using FEAijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
4. What is pressure vessel ?
4
A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold gasses or
liquids at a pressure substantially different from the
ambient pressure at some temperature.
Pressure vessels are used in many industries (e.g refinery
plants,chemical plants, steam boilers etc.). The mechanical
design of any pressure vessels is done in accordance with
the requirements of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code, Section VIII. Section VIII is divided into Division-1
& Division-2 . This course provides an overview of
pressure vessel mechanical design requirements.
5. Difference between DIV-1 & DIV-2
5
DIVISION 1 utilizes safety of factor 4. DIVISION 2 uses safety of factor 3.
DIVISION 1 rules are formulated on
the principle stress theory.
DIVISION 2 rules are formulated on
maximum shear theory.
DIVISION 1 rules ignores all
bending's effects,fatigue etc.
DIVISION 2 rules take into account all
of bending effects,fatigue etc.
6. Pressure vessel are classified into two types :-
(i) Horizontal type pressure vessel
(ii) Vertical type pressure Vessel
6
7. 7
RECEIPT OF PDS
FROM PROCESS
MECH. DESIGN USING
PV-Elite SOFTWARE
PREPARATION OF
MECHANICAL DATA
SHEET(MDS)
IDC-
MDS-IDC(INTER
DISCIPLINARY CHECK)
PREPARATION OF
MATERIAL REQUISITION
SPECIFICATION
OFFER
EVALUATION
TBE(TECHNICAL
BID EVALUATION)
LOI
VDR(VENDOR
DOCUMENT
REVIEW)&
APPROVAL
Flowchart
PLACEMENT OF
ORDER
PERPARATION OF
PURCHASE
REQUISITION
8. ACTIVITIES PERFORMED IN STATIC
DEPARTMENT
8
The Mechanical Static group deals with designing of static equipment and
related packages for Oil & Gas, Refinery industries etc.
The following are the activities being performed in static group :
1.Preparation of Mechanical Data sheet.
2.Inquiry requisition that includes scope of work,supply,space requirement etc.
3.Evaluation of Vendor quotation that includes review of vendors offers.
4. Preparation of technical Bid Evaluation is comparison statement of all offers
from all vendors
5. Placement of letter of intent.
6.Preparation of purchase requisition
7.Attend Vendor Kick-off meeting
8.Review & approval of Vendor documents
9.Interaction with other disciplines
10.Factory and site performance acceptance testing
9. STATIC EQUIPMENTS
9
Major static equipment's and packages are:
1) Pressure Vessels
2) Columns
3) Tanks
4) Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
5) Air Cooled Heat Exchanger
6) Electric Heaters
7) Flares
8) Fired Heaters
9) Filters / Ejectors
10) Reactors
10. GENERAL TERMS
10
1) Design Pressure: Pressure used in vessel component for the most sever
condition. It determines the minimum required thickness of each vessel
component.
2) Design Temperature: Temperature that corresponds to the design pressure.
3) MAWP: It is maximum permissible pressure at top of pressure in its
normal operating position at specific temperature,usually design
temperature. It is maximum allowable working pressure in hot & corroded
condition.
4) MDMT: It is the lowest temperature at which the component is designed to
have adequate fracture toughness.
5) MAP: It refers to maximum permissible pressure based on weakest part of
new uncorroded & cold conditions and all other loadings are not taken in
consideration.
11. GENERAL TERMS
11
5) Weight Of Vessel: Following type of loads to be considered
- Fabricated Weight : Weight of the vessel without any external insulation,
fireproofing, operating contents, or any external structural attachments or
piping.
- Erection weight : fabrication weight + internals + ladder platforms +
insulation + fireproofing.
- Operating weight : erection weight + operating liquid.
- Shop Test weight: fabrication weight + test liquid
- Wind Load and Seismic Load: These loads will induce deflection in the
vessels.
12. PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE
12
As per ASME SEC VIII Div. 1, pressure vessels are containers for the
containment of pressure, either internal or external. This pressure may be
obtained from an external source, or by the application of heat from a direct
or indirect source, or any combination thereof.
1) SHELL
Primary component that contains the pressure and available in different
shapes
- Cylindrical: Most common configuration.
- Spherical: For containing large volumes under moderate pressure
- Conical: Conical shells are used to connect shells of different diameters
13. PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE
13
2) HEAD
Heads are closures for shells of pressure vessel. Various types of heads are:
Ellipsoidal Head: Most commonly types of heads used with thickness generally equal to that
of shell
15. 15
Torispherical Head: It is flatter than the ellipsoidal head. Minimum permitted
knuckle radius= 6% of max inside Crown Radius. Maximum inside Crown radius
equals the outside diameter of head.
16. PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE
16
3) NOZZLES
Nozzle is a component that penetrates the Shell or Head of the Vessel. The
ends of the nozzles are usually flanged to allow easy disassembly and for
necessary connection.
Types
- Long Weld Neck: Made out of forging , these nozzles have flange integral
to nozzle neck
17. 17
Hub Type Self Reinforced: As its name indicates these
nozzle have area required for reinforcement and made in
two piece. It has hub integral to neck and made in single
piece.
18. 18
Weld Neck Nozzle: As the name indicates, it has flange
welded to the nozzle neck It can be made with both pipe and
plate with or without RF pad.
19. PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE
19
5) SUPPORTS
The type of vessel support generally depends on the size and orientation of
vessel. Supports must be adequate to resist wind and seismic loads.
- Saddle Support: Horizontal pressure vessel is supported by saddle.
21. PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE
21
Leg Support: Small vertical vessels are supported by legs. Max ratio of leg
length to vessel diameter is 2: 1. No of legs determined by size of the vessel.
22. MATERIAL SELECTION
22
The type of material used in construction is greatly influenced by the type of
service
for the Vessel. E.g., Low , High temperature service, Corrosive Service
Carbon Steel: Generally used from -29 deg C to 343 deg C
Low Temp Carbon Steel : Used in temperature range of -45 deg C to -60
deg C
Stainless Steel: Used in temperature range of -80 to -196 deg C
Low Alloy Steel : Used in elevated temperatures above 347 deg C
23. VESSEL FAILURES
23
VESSEL FAILURES CAN OCCUR BECAUSE OF THE FOLLOWING
1) Material: Improper material selection, defective material
2) Design: Improper design, Incorrect design method
3) Fabrication: Poor quality control, insufficient fabrication procedures.
4) Service: Change of service condition
24. PRESSURE VESSEL CALCULATION
24
1) THICKNESS CALCULATION FOR SHELL UNDER INTERNAL
PRESSURE (UG-27) of ASME SECTION VII DIV-1
Where ,
t = Thickness under internal pressure excluding corrosion allowance
P = Internal pressure including static head if any.
S = Allowable stress of material
E = Joint Efficiency, 0.85 for Spot / 1.0 for Full Radiography
25. PRESSURE VESSEL CALCULATION
25
THICKNESS CALCULATION FOR SPHERE / HEMI-HEAD UNDER
INTERNAL PRESSURE (UG-27) of ASME SECTION VII DIV-1
Where ,
t = Thickness under internal pressure excluding corrosion allowance
P = Internal pressure including static head if any.
R, D = Internal Radius and Diameter respectively
S = Allowable stress of material
E = Joint Efficiency, 0.85 for Spot / 1.0 for Full Radiography
26. 26
Formulas are valid for :
1) Pressure < 3000 psi
2) Cylindrical shell with t<0.5R and P<0.385SE
3) Spherical shell and hemi-head with t<0.365R and P<0.665SE
27. ASME SECTION VIII DIV.1 - (PVElite-2013 Design)
Horizontal vessel 3D
27