This document summarizes several effects of global warming seen in Italy, including melting glaciers and permafrost, increasing heat waves, rising sea levels, coastal erosion, more frequent floods, and cyclones in the Mediterranean region. Glacial melting is caused by global warming and less albedo and can lead to flooding, landslides, and loss of hydroelectric power. Permafrost melting releases greenhouse gases and causes rockfalls. Analysis shows heat waves in Italy are becoming more intense, frequent, and longer due to global warming. Rising sea levels flood lands and cause coastal erosion, threatening beaches. Floods and mountain cloudbursts also cause more destruction.

1. GLOBAL WARMING
Effects in Italy

2. GLACIERS
MELTING
Causes:
•Rapid industrialization
•Global warming
•Less albedo
Consequences:
•Flooding
•Hydrogeological instability
•Hydroelectric power loss
•Landslides
•Biodiversity loss

3. PERMAFROST
MELTING
WHAT IS PERMAFROST?
Ground that remains frozen for many years
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN IT THAWS?
It releases carbon dioxide and methane
WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES?
• Global warming
• Rockfalls and landslides
• Floods
«The main area at risk was the Alps, where
the mountains were more densely populated
and the slopes very steep.»

4. HEATWAVESAnalysis of the effects of global warming on the
frequency and harshness of heatwaves in Italy

5. WHAT ARE HEATWAVES?
● General definition:
“A prolonged period of extremely high
temperatures for a particular region in a
particular season”
● Intensity
● Duration
● Frequency

6. FORMATION OF A HEATWAVE
- Heatwaves occurs when a pressione anomaly occurs.
In fact:
PV = nRT
Constant
values
Unknown (to
be calculated)
Variable
Chosen
(constant)

7. HEATWAVES
IN ITALY

8. HEATWAVES IN ITALY
Azores
anticyclone African
anticyclone

9. HEATWAVES AND GLOBAL WARMING
PCM: Parallel
Climate Model
Projection on future
climate variation

10. ACCURACY

11. HEATWAVES AND GLOBAL WARMING
- projected intensity
variation

12. HEATWAVES AND GLOBAL WARMING
- projected frequency
variation

13. HEATWAVES AND GLOBAL WARMING
- projected duration
variation

14. SEA
LEVEL
RISE

15. Causes:
• Water from melting
glaciers
• Expansion of seawater
• Eustatism causes
• Anthropogenic causes
(https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-
signs/sea-level/)
Consequences:
• Flooding
• Disappearance of some
lands
• Coastal erosion
Risk in Italy:
• RITMARE project

17. COASTAL
EROSION

18. What is «Coastal
Erosion»?
Causes:
• Anthropogenic
• Natural
Consequences:
• Lost of lands
• Disappearance of wonderful
beach

19. FLOODS
A flood is an overflow of water that
submerges land that is usually dry.
The primary effects of flooding include
loss of life, damage to buildings and
other structures, including bridges,
sewerage systems, roadways, and
canals.
Floods are becoming more frequent
and extreme in Italy

20. The waters of the flash flood reached a
height of 2.5-metres and filled the
Raganello gorge in Pollino National Park

21. CYCLONES
Cyclones are becoming more frequent in the Mediterranean area

22. CLOUDBURST
A cloudburst is an extreme
amount of precipitation in a
short period of time, sometimes
accompanied by hail and
thunder
They are especially common in
mountainous areas in the lasrt
years.
Mountain cloudbursts cause
sudden and destructive floods.

23. REFERENCES
Helpsavenature.com
Blogs.ei.columbia.edu
nationalgeographic.it
https://www.nasa.gov
Wikipedia