Global warming italy
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The document discusses several impacts of climate change including melting glaciers and permafrost, increasing heat waves in Italy, rising sea levels, coastal erosion, floods, and cloudbursts. Melting glaciers and permafrost occur due to global warming and release greenhouse gases which further exacerbates climate change. Analysis shows that heat waves in Italy are increasing in intensity, frequency, and duration due to shifts in atmospheric pressure patterns. Rising sea levels flood lands and coastlines as ice melts and sea water expands. Coastal erosion, floods, and sudden heavy rainfall during cloudbursts destroy property and landscapes. Projects study these effects to improve preparedness and mitigation.
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Presentazione turchia
This document summarizes several effects of global warming seen in Italy, including melting glaciers and permafrost, increasing heat waves, rising sea levels, coastal erosion, more frequent floods, and cyclones in the Mediterranean region. Glacial melting is caused by global warming and less albedo and can lead to flooding, landslides, and loss of hydroelectric power. Permafrost melting releases greenhouse gases and causes rockfalls. Analysis shows heat waves in Italy are becoming more intense, frequent, and longer due to global warming. Rising sea levels flood lands and cause coastal erosion, threatening beaches. Floods and mountain cloudbursts also cause more destruction.
Temperature controls
There are many factors that influence temperature variations from place to place and time to time. Land heats and cools more rapidly than water, causing larger temperature changes over land. Altitude also affects temperature, with higher altitudes experiencing cooler temperatures. The extent of cloud cover impacts temperatures by reducing incoming solar radiation on cloudy days but trapping heat at night. Geographic features like proximity to bodies of water or position relative to the equator further influence local temperatures.
6.2 factors that influence weather
Weather is influenced by many factors including air masses, air pressure, sunlight, greenhouse gases, moisture, mountains, oceans, wind patterns, and human activity. Climate describes weather trends over many years and is impacted by radiation, conduction, convection, altitude, latitude, proximity to oceans, and landmass distribution. Fronts form where different air masses meet and influence local weather conditions.
Climatology
Climatology seeks to explain the causes of different climates, their variations, effects on vegetation, and interactions with human societies. It analyzes weather and climate elements. Climate is defined as the weather conditions prevailing in an area over a long period. Weather describes atmospheric conditions at a given time. Climatology examines climate data from ice cores and ocean sediments dating back millions of years. It also studies how climate has changed in recent centuries and decades due to human activities like fossil fuel use and deforestation. Applied climatology explores relationships between climate and other phenomena like agriculture, human health, and industries.
Secondary Three Geography: Elements-temperature
2194/02, Secondary three geography, weather and climate, elements, temperature, latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, cloud cover.
Microclimates
Here are potential answers to the examination questions:
1. A heat island is an urban area that experiences higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas due to human activities and infrastructure absorbing and re-radiating more solar energy than natural landscapes.
2. The downtown/city center areas typically experience the highest temperatures within a heat island due to having the highest concentrations of buildings, pavement, and human activity that generate and retain heat.
3. Heat islands can negatively impact peoples' health and quality of life in cities. Higher temperatures increase energy costs for cooling and risk of heat-related illnesses. It may also exacerbate air pollution and change precipitation patterns.
4. Strategies to reduce heat islands include increasing urban greenery through parks and
Climate
The document discusses factors that affect climate and different climate zones. It covers several key topics:
1) Latitude, elevation, topography, proximity to water, atmospheric circulation, and vegetation all impact climate.
2) There are several major climate zones defined by factors like temperature and precipitation, including tropical humid, dry tropical, mid-latitude humid with mild/severe winters, dry climates, and polar climates.
3) Natural processes like volcanic eruptions, ocean circulation, solar activity and earth motions can cause climate changes, while the greenhouse effect and increased greenhouse gases are causing current global warming.
Climate and Latitude
The document discusses how climate is determined by averaging weather conditions over many years, as opposed to weather which describes short term atmospheric conditions. It also explains that latitude affects climate, with the tropics receiving the most solar radiation and heat year-round, the polar zones receiving radiation at a low angle and remaining cold, and temperate zones in between experiencing moderate temperatures and seasonal changes.
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Presentazione turchia
This document summarizes several effects of global warming seen in Italy, including melting glaciers and permafrost, increasing heat waves, rising sea levels, coastal erosion, more frequent floods, and cyclones in the Mediterranean region. Glacial melting is caused by global warming and less albedo and can lead to flooding, landslides, and loss of hydroelectric power. Permafrost melting releases greenhouse gases and causes rockfalls. Analysis shows heat waves in Italy are becoming more intense, frequent, and longer due to global warming. Rising sea levels flood lands and cause coastal erosion, threatening beaches. Floods and mountain cloudbursts also cause more destruction.
Temperature controls
There are many factors that influence temperature variations from place to place and time to time. Land heats and cools more rapidly than water, causing larger temperature changes over land. Altitude also affects temperature, with higher altitudes experiencing cooler temperatures. The extent of cloud cover impacts temperatures by reducing incoming solar radiation on cloudy days but trapping heat at night. Geographic features like proximity to bodies of water or position relative to the equator further influence local temperatures.
6.2 factors that influence weather
Weather is influenced by many factors including air masses, air pressure, sunlight, greenhouse gases, moisture, mountains, oceans, wind patterns, and human activity. Climate describes weather trends over many years and is impacted by radiation, conduction, convection, altitude, latitude, proximity to oceans, and landmass distribution. Fronts form where different air masses meet and influence local weather conditions.
Climatology
Climatology seeks to explain the causes of different climates, their variations, effects on vegetation, and interactions with human societies. It analyzes weather and climate elements. Climate is defined as the weather conditions prevailing in an area over a long period. Weather describes atmospheric conditions at a given time. Climatology examines climate data from ice cores and ocean sediments dating back millions of years. It also studies how climate has changed in recent centuries and decades due to human activities like fossil fuel use and deforestation. Applied climatology explores relationships between climate and other phenomena like agriculture, human health, and industries.
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Microclimates
Here are potential answers to the examination questions:
1. A heat island is an urban area that experiences higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas due to human activities and infrastructure absorbing and re-radiating more solar energy than natural landscapes.
2. The downtown/city center areas typically experience the highest temperatures within a heat island due to having the highest concentrations of buildings, pavement, and human activity that generate and retain heat.
3. Heat islands can negatively impact peoples' health and quality of life in cities. Higher temperatures increase energy costs for cooling and risk of heat-related illnesses. It may also exacerbate air pollution and change precipitation patterns.
4. Strategies to reduce heat islands include increasing urban greenery through parks and
Climate
The document discusses factors that affect climate and different climate zones. It covers several key topics:
1) Latitude, elevation, topography, proximity to water, atmospheric circulation, and vegetation all impact climate.
2) There are several major climate zones defined by factors like temperature and precipitation, including tropical humid, dry tropical, mid-latitude humid with mild/severe winters, dry climates, and polar climates.
3) Natural processes like volcanic eruptions, ocean circulation, solar activity and earth motions can cause climate changes, while the greenhouse effect and increased greenhouse gases are causing current global warming.
Climate and Latitude
The document discusses how climate is determined by averaging weather conditions over many years, as opposed to weather which describes short term atmospheric conditions. It also explains that latitude affects climate, with the tropics receiving the most solar radiation and heat year-round, the polar zones receiving radiation at a low angle and remaining cold, and temperate zones in between experiencing moderate temperatures and seasonal changes.
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY AS ULTRA REVISION TEST 2 ATMOSPHERE AND WEATHER
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Variable weather n changing climate gateway2 part1
This document discusses global climate change and its causes. It notes that while the Earth's climate has varied naturally over long periods, the general trend over the past 120 years has been an irregular but significant rise in global temperatures. It explores both natural causes of climate change like variations in solar output and volcanic eruptions, as well as human-caused factors like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and changes in land use that have increased greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere and contributed to enhanced global warming.
Temperature controls
This document discusses factors that influence temperature variations from place to place and time to time. It explains that temperature is affected by factors like latitude, proximity to water or land, altitude, cloud cover, ocean currents, and albedo. Land heats and cools faster than water, and the Northern Hemisphere has less water than the Southern Hemisphere. Geographic position, cloud cover, altitude also impact temperatures. Near the equator is hotter while near the poles is cooler due to differences in solar radiation by latitude.
Climate weather physical factors
Climate is defined as the average weather conditions in a particular region over a long period of time. It is characterized by factors such as atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and sunlight. Weather describes the short term atmospheric conditions at a specific time and place. The key difference is that climate considers weather conditions averaged over 30 years, while weather refers to day-to-day changes. Many geographic factors influence climate, including latitude, elevation, proximity to bodies of water, ocean currents, winds, and relief or landforms. Climate zones are classified based on average annual temperatures.
Unit 5
The document discusses air temperature and factors that influence it. It defines air temperature as a measure of the kinetic energy of air molecules, with higher temperatures indicating faster molecule movement. Key points:
- Air temperature is dependent on the amount of heat gained or lost at the earth's surface from solar radiation, varying between day and night as well as by location.
- Several factors influence air temperature, including latitude, altitude, distance from bodies of water, cloud cover, humidity, wind, and land surface type.
- Temperature is typically measured in degrees Celsius, Fahrenheit or Kelvin. Inversions can occur where warmer air sits above cooler surface air, acting as a lid and limiting convection.
Air-Sea Interaction
The document discusses the interconnected relationship between the atmosphere and ocean. Changes in one can affect the other through factors like unequal solar heating creating atmospheric circulation patterns and winds, which transport heat around the globe. This circulation moves warm, moist air upward near the equator and sinks in subtropical regions. Additionally, ocean currents redistribute heat in the ocean. Together, these mechanisms transfer thermal energy between the atmosphere and ocean and influence Earth's climate on a global scale.
Temperature &
The document discusses several key factors that influence weather and climate through their impact on temperature:
1) Latitude - Places near the equator receive more direct sunlight and have higher temperatures, while areas further from the equator receive sunlight at an oblique angle and have lower temperatures.
2) Distance from bodies of water - Areas near large bodies of water like oceans have more moderate temperatures due to the water's ability to store and release heat more slowly than land.
3) Elevation - Temperatures generally decrease with increasing elevation, as there is less atmosphere above to trap heat near the ground.
Microclimate
Microclimates are local weather patterns that can differ from the overall climate of an area due to factors like altitude, exposure, shelter, vegetation, urban development, and proximity to water or coasts. Urban microclimates are affected by concrete, tarmac, tall buildings, and industry which can raise temperatures. Coastal microclimates see a breeze from the cooler sea move inland in summer to fill the low pressure area caused by warmer land temperatures rising. Forest microclimates are typically warmer at edges but colder and less windy deeper in due to shelter from trees.
What difference between weather and climate?
What difference between weather and climate? The climate at a given location on the globe is called the regional climate. It is defined by the statistical characteristics of local weather conditions, obtained over a long period of time. The regional climate informs us about the seasonal variations typical of a region.
Factors affecting the climate
in this presentation, it will help you to learn the factors and causes that affects the climate of a particular place or country.
Secondary Three Geography: Elements-Winds and Pressure
The document discusses pressure and winds. It defines key terms like air pressure and its inverse relationship with altitude. It explains how differences in air pressure cause winds to flow from high to low pressure areas. Examples of winds discussed include sea and land breezes on a small scale, caused by differential heating of land and sea. Large scale monsoon winds are also summarized, with details about the seasonal southwest and northeast monsoons in India driven by pressure differences between the Asian landmass and Indian subcontinent. The Coriolis effect's role in deflecting winds is also noted.
Relation Between Global Warming And Tropical Storm
Thunderstorms categorized as cyclonic wind activity develop in low pressure regions of the tropics, with wind speeds between 63-112 km/h. They control global atmospheric circulation in the troposphere, including hurricanes, typhoons, and storms like Katrina and Rita. Tropical cyclones occur when sea surface temperatures are above 26°C in the tropics, located between 23.5°N and 23.5°S, which experience little seasonal variation and warm water as a tremendous latent heat source with high humidity promoting cloud development. The sun's heat increases moisture in the air and sea, creating low pressure and more condensation, with the condensed moisture's enthalpy generating power in warm cores while large
Variable weather n changing climate (1)
This document provides information about weather and climate elements such as temperature, humidity, clouds, rainfall, and pressure and winds. It discusses factors that affect temperature like latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, and cloud cover. It also explains concepts such as relative humidity, cloud formation, convectional and relief rainfall, land and sea breezes, and monsoon winds. Students are prompted to think about questions related to these topics and provided exercises to reinforce their understanding.
Microclimate
Microclimates are local weather patterns that can differ from the overall climate of an area due to factors like altitude, exposure, shelter, vegetation, urban development, and proximity to water or coasts. In urban areas, microclimates are affected by concrete, buildings, drainage, and industry which can raise temperatures. Coastal microclimates see a breeze from the cooler sea move inland in summer to replace rising hot air over land. Forest microclimates provide shelter from the sun and wind, making the forest interior cooler than the edges on sunny days.
Secondary Three Geography: Elements-relative humidity and rain
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Non Anthropogenic Causes of Climate Change
The document discusses evidence that climate change has occurred in the past due to non-anthropogenic or natural causes. It provides examples from geology of past periods of glaciation and warming from factors like variations in the Earth's orbit and volcanic eruptions. While acknowledging natural climate variability, it also notes that the current pace of warming seems to be increasing due to human activity like greenhouse gas emissions. The document concludes by arguing for a comprehensive strategy to mitigate risks from climate change through renewable energy, international agreements, carbon markets and efficiency improvements.
Predicting Weather and Climate ( Including humanitarian response and Solutions )
This document provides information about weather, climate, climate change, and humanitarian responses to natural disasters. It discusses:
- The definition of weather and factors that affect it like temperature, humidity, and wind. It also discusses weather forecasting.
- The definition of climate as average weather conditions over many years and factors that influence climate like landscape and proximity to the equator.
- Evidence that climate change is influenced more by human activities than fluctuations in solar energy. It discusses the greenhouse effect and increasing global temperatures.
- Strategies for mitigating climate change through green building practices that consider energy and resource usage throughout the building lifecycle.
- The importance of early warning systems and early humanitarian actions to
Global warming in_globalisation..by deepak iipm
Global warming is causing the world's temperature to rise at an unprecedented rate. The average global temperature has increased by 1.1°F over the past century and 2010 was the hottest year on record at 14.63°C. If emissions are not reduced, the IPCC predicts temperature will increase by 2.5-10.4°F over the next century. This warming is trapping more heat in the atmosphere and causing glaciers to melt, sea levels to rise up to 43cm, and more severe weather. Nations have made agreements to cut emissions and reduce the impacts of global warming.
Chapter 1 and 2 for students
This document discusses weather, climate, and climate change. It begins by defining weather and climate, and describes the key elements of weather including temperature, relative humidity, clouds, rainfall, air pressure, and wind. It then explains the major climate types and their locations: equatorial, monsoon, and cool temperate marine west coast climates. The document goes on to discuss evidence that the global climate has changed in recent decades due to both natural and human factors like the greenhouse effect. It may lead to more extreme weather and affect people. Responses to address climate change are also mentioned.
Chapter 2 Gateway 1 P2
This document discusses factors that influence differences in weather and climate between locations. It explores latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, and cloud cover as key factors. Latitude has the most significant impact, with locations nearer the equator experiencing higher average temperatures and those further from the equator experiencing lower average temperatures. Higher altitudes and distances from moderating sea influences also result in greater temperature variation and more extreme conditions.
Climate change
Climate change is caused by both natural factors like changes in the sun's output as well as human activities that increase greenhouse gases. We know the climate is changing due to measurements of rising global temperatures and sea levels as well as observational records like ice cores. If greenhouse gases continue to increase, the impacts of climate change are projected to intensify and include more extreme weather, rising sea levels, and effects on human health, water resources, agriculture and forests. Individual actions as well as technological solutions will be needed to reduce emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change.
L spina climch-evidence
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in weather patterns over long periods of time. It is caused by both natural factors and human activities like burning fossil fuels which release greenhouse gases. Evidence of climate change includes rising global temperatures, shrinking glaciers, earlier flowering times, more extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and warming oceans. If emissions continue, the IPCC predicts increases in global temperatures between 1-3 degrees Celsius which will have both beneficial and harmful effects worldwide.
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This document discusses global climate change and its causes. It notes that while the Earth's climate has varied naturally over long periods, the general trend over the past 120 years has been an irregular but significant rise in global temperatures. It explores both natural causes of climate change like variations in solar output and volcanic eruptions, as well as human-caused factors like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and changes in land use that have increased greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere and contributed to enhanced global warming.
Temperature controls
This document discusses factors that influence temperature variations from place to place and time to time. It explains that temperature is affected by factors like latitude, proximity to water or land, altitude, cloud cover, ocean currents, and albedo. Land heats and cools faster than water, and the Northern Hemisphere has less water than the Southern Hemisphere. Geographic position, cloud cover, altitude also impact temperatures. Near the equator is hotter while near the poles is cooler due to differences in solar radiation by latitude.
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The document discusses air temperature and factors that influence it. It defines air temperature as a measure of the kinetic energy of air molecules, with higher temperatures indicating faster molecule movement. Key points:
- Air temperature is dependent on the amount of heat gained or lost at the earth's surface from solar radiation, varying between day and night as well as by location.
- Several factors influence air temperature, including latitude, altitude, distance from bodies of water, cloud cover, humidity, wind, and land surface type.
- Temperature is typically measured in degrees Celsius, Fahrenheit or Kelvin. Inversions can occur where warmer air sits above cooler surface air, acting as a lid and limiting convection.
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The document discusses the interconnected relationship between the atmosphere and ocean. Changes in one can affect the other through factors like unequal solar heating creating atmospheric circulation patterns and winds, which transport heat around the globe. This circulation moves warm, moist air upward near the equator and sinks in subtropical regions. Additionally, ocean currents redistribute heat in the ocean. Together, these mechanisms transfer thermal energy between the atmosphere and ocean and influence Earth's climate on a global scale.
Temperature &
The document discusses several key factors that influence weather and climate through their impact on temperature:
1) Latitude - Places near the equator receive more direct sunlight and have higher temperatures, while areas further from the equator receive sunlight at an oblique angle and have lower temperatures.
2) Distance from bodies of water - Areas near large bodies of water like oceans have more moderate temperatures due to the water's ability to store and release heat more slowly than land.
3) Elevation - Temperatures generally decrease with increasing elevation, as there is less atmosphere above to trap heat near the ground.
Microclimate
Microclimates are local weather patterns that can differ from the overall climate of an area due to factors like altitude, exposure, shelter, vegetation, urban development, and proximity to water or coasts. Urban microclimates are affected by concrete, tarmac, tall buildings, and industry which can raise temperatures. Coastal microclimates see a breeze from the cooler sea move inland in summer to fill the low pressure area caused by warmer land temperatures rising. Forest microclimates are typically warmer at edges but colder and less windy deeper in due to shelter from trees.
What difference between weather and climate?
What difference between weather and climate? The climate at a given location on the globe is called the regional climate. It is defined by the statistical characteristics of local weather conditions, obtained over a long period of time. The regional climate informs us about the seasonal variations typical of a region.
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in this presentation, it will help you to learn the factors and causes that affects the climate of a particular place or country.
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The document discusses pressure and winds. It defines key terms like air pressure and its inverse relationship with altitude. It explains how differences in air pressure cause winds to flow from high to low pressure areas. Examples of winds discussed include sea and land breezes on a small scale, caused by differential heating of land and sea. Large scale monsoon winds are also summarized, with details about the seasonal southwest and northeast monsoons in India driven by pressure differences between the Asian landmass and Indian subcontinent. The Coriolis effect's role in deflecting winds is also noted.
Relation Between Global Warming And Tropical Storm
Thunderstorms categorized as cyclonic wind activity develop in low pressure regions of the tropics, with wind speeds between 63-112 km/h. They control global atmospheric circulation in the troposphere, including hurricanes, typhoons, and storms like Katrina and Rita. Tropical cyclones occur when sea surface temperatures are above 26°C in the tropics, located between 23.5°N and 23.5°S, which experience little seasonal variation and warm water as a tremendous latent heat source with high humidity promoting cloud development. The sun's heat increases moisture in the air and sea, creating low pressure and more condensation, with the condensed moisture's enthalpy generating power in warm cores while large
Variable weather n changing climate (1)
This document provides information about weather and climate elements such as temperature, humidity, clouds, rainfall, and pressure and winds. It discusses factors that affect temperature like latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, and cloud cover. It also explains concepts such as relative humidity, cloud formation, convectional and relief rainfall, land and sea breezes, and monsoon winds. Students are prompted to think about questions related to these topics and provided exercises to reinforce their understanding.
Microclimate
Microclimates are local weather patterns that can differ from the overall climate of an area due to factors like altitude, exposure, shelter, vegetation, urban development, and proximity to water or coasts. In urban areas, microclimates are affected by concrete, buildings, drainage, and industry which can raise temperatures. Coastal microclimates see a breeze from the cooler sea move inland in summer to replace rising hot air over land. Forest microclimates provide shelter from the sun and wind, making the forest interior cooler than the edges on sunny days.
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The document discusses evidence that climate change has occurred in the past due to non-anthropogenic or natural causes. It provides examples from geology of past periods of glaciation and warming from factors like variations in the Earth's orbit and volcanic eruptions. While acknowledging natural climate variability, it also notes that the current pace of warming seems to be increasing due to human activity like greenhouse gas emissions. The document concludes by arguing for a comprehensive strategy to mitigate risks from climate change through renewable energy, international agreements, carbon markets and efficiency improvements.
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- The definition of climate as average weather conditions over many years and factors that influence climate like landscape and proximity to the equator.
- Evidence that climate change is influenced more by human activities than fluctuations in solar energy. It discusses the greenhouse effect and increasing global temperatures.
- Strategies for mitigating climate change through green building practices that consider energy and resource usage throughout the building lifecycle.
- The importance of early warning systems and early humanitarian actions to
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This document discusses factors that influence differences in weather and climate between locations. It explores latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, and cloud cover as key factors. Latitude has the most significant impact, with locations nearer the equator experiencing higher average temperatures and those further from the equator experiencing lower average temperatures. Higher altitudes and distances from moderating sea influences also result in greater temperature variation and more extreme conditions.
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Climate change is caused by both natural factors like changes in the sun's output as well as human activities that increase greenhouse gases. We know the climate is changing due to measurements of rising global temperatures and sea levels as well as observational records like ice cores. If greenhouse gases continue to increase, the impacts of climate change are projected to intensify and include more extreme weather, rising sea levels, and effects on human health, water resources, agriculture and forests. Individual actions as well as technological solutions will be needed to reduce emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change.
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Climate change is having several effects in Italy, including melting glaciers and permafrost, biodiversity loss, more frequent heat waves and floods, and rising sea levels. Over the past century, the total area covered by glaciers in northern Italy has decreased significantly from 579 square kilometers in 1970 to just 370 square kilometers currently. Heat waves have also caused many deaths in Europe, including over 70,000 deaths during a 2003 heat wave. Rising sea levels threaten cities like Venice, putting them at greater risk of destructive flooding if action is not taken to address climate change.
Project summary
The document discusses major threats to biodiversity including climate change, loss of biodiversity, habitat destruction, and deforestation. It provides details on climate change such as increasing global temperatures and greenhouse gases since the industrial revolution. Effects of climate change include warming oceans, rising sea levels, more wildfires, and millions of species at risk of extinction. Loss of biodiversity is discussed in the context of overfishing reducing populations of species like cod, whales, and tuna. Deforestation is outlined as the clearing of forests for agriculture, grazing, fuel, and construction, which releases carbon dioxide and removes trees that absorb carbon.
Climate change
Climate is defined as the general weather patterns of a region, including variables such as temperature, humidity, wind and precipitation. The climate of the world is changing rapidly due to both natural factors like variations in the sun's output, continental drift and volcanic eruptions, as well as man-made factors like increased greenhouse gas emissions from sources such as vehicle exhaust, oil refineries and forest fires. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor trap heat in the lower atmosphere, causing global warming and leading to problems such as more droughts and floods, less ice and snow, extreme weather, and rising sea levels. Urgent action is needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and slow the impacts of climate change.
Climate change
Climate change is caused by an increase in greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide that trap heat in the atmosphere. The planet is warming due to human activities like burning fossil fuels. Evidence of climate change includes rising global temperatures, sea level rise, shrinking ice sheets, and more extreme weather. Continued climate change will severely impact regions through increased flooding, drought, wildfires, and effects on agriculture, ecosystems, and infrastructure. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions through individual actions and policy changes can help mitigate further climate change impacts.
Lesson 1 History of Glaciation
The document discusses the history of glaciation. It explains that ice ages were first discovered in the 1830s and that ice cores have provided evidence of past climate changes over the last 800,000 years. Geological time is broken into periods like the Quaternary period, which includes the current Holocene epoch and the Pleistocene epoch during the last ice age. The causes of the glacial and interglacial cycles within the Pleistocene are thought to involve changes in the Earth's orbit and axis known as the Milankovitch cycles, as well as climate feedback mechanisms involving factors like albedo, cloud cover, and ocean currents. Short term climate fluctuations may also be influenced by solar activity and volcanic eruptions
History of Glaciation
1) The study of glaciation is a relatively new field that began in the 1830s when Louis Agassiz discovered evidence of past glaciation in the Swiss Alps.
2) Ice core records from Greenland and Antarctica provide evidence of climate cycles over the past 800,000 years through analyzing trapped air bubbles and CO2 concentrations.
3) We are currently in the Quaternary period which began 2 million years ago, and the most recent ice age termed the Pleistocene epoch ended approximately 11,500 years ago at the conclusion of the Younger Dryas stadial period.
Presentation meeting italy
This document summarizes activities related to natural and induced disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, landslides, and climate change. It discusses monitoring Earth from space through missions like SAFE and from ocean floors. Experiments are conducted on topics like cyclones, ocean currents, glacial melting, biodiversity, and invasive species. The document also addresses issues like waste, including food waste which accounts for 24% of global food production, and its environmental and economic impacts. Earth monitoring is designed to improve understanding of interactions between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and Earth's interior using cutting-edge space technologies.
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Final evaluation bricks
This document contains an evaluation form for a project on natural hazards and sustainability. It asks students and teachers about what they gained from participating, including knowledge of climate change impacts, resource efficiency, and environmental protection. It inquires about increased awareness of these issues and whether they should be included in school curricula. Students and teachers are asked about effective dissemination methods and satisfaction with project activities and outcomes. Suggestions are also solicited for modifying and sustaining the project.
Team 6
The document discusses the negative effects of oil pollution on marine biodiversity and proposes a student-led initiative to raise awareness and funds to help restore ecosystems and protect endangered sea species. The plan involves students visiting aquariums and marine parks to learn about the issue and cooperating with local organizations. The project aims to unite students globally to educate youth on maritime biodiversity.
Team 5
The document discusses creating a school garden to support declining bee populations. It notes that bees are essential for pollination but face threats from urbanization, farming, and pesticides. The proposed garden would plant bee-friendly flowers and herbs in the spring, summer and fall. It would provide an educational resource for students and the community about protecting bees and could offer students credits for garden maintenance. The project seeks sponsors and hopes the garden can be placed at the school or on its roof.
Team 4
This document discusses the issue of plastic pollution in oceans and potential solutions using nanocellulose. It notes that the Mediterranean Sea contains 1.25 million plastic fragments per square kilometer and plastic ingestion threatens wildlife. A new startup is highlighted that uses nanocellulose, obtained from plant matter, to create cutlery, bowls and other products as an alternative to plastic. Nanocellulose is described as a lightweight, non-toxic and highly absorbent material that can be produced cost-effectively from cellulose, the most abundant polymer on Earth.
Team 2
1. The document proposes a plan to reduce plastic waste from schools by collecting recyclable plastic, sending it to a recycling company to make fibers, and using those fibers to make branded merchandise and clothing for the schools.
2. The targets of the plan are high schools and students. Stakeholders include a recycling company and clothing company.
3. A timeline is proposed to gradually expand the program from one school to multiple schools in the Lombardy region of Italy over 5-10 years, with the goal of establishing a non-profit company to manage recycling and production.
Team 1
1) The document proposes a solution to reduce paper usage in schools by creating a shared digital network where textbooks and other materials can be accessed, reducing costs.
2) Setting up a centralized network and recycling program could save schools $30,000-$50,000 per year while also reducing their environmental impact.
3) The network would be free for students to access and schools could provide devices to students in need, ensuring equal access to educational resources.
Mountain and hydrogeological issues italy(1)
The document discusses environmental issues affecting mountains in Italy, including glacier melting, permafrost thawing, hydrogeological problems, and biodiversity loss. It notes that between 2007 and 2012, 5% of Italian glaciers melted away and that all glaciers in the country are expected to disappear this century. The document also examines hydrogeological issues and includes orthophotos showing the melting of some Lombardy glaciers between 2007 and 2015.
Extreme events in Portugal
Portugal has a diverse climate with summer temperatures reaching 40°C and winter temperatures dropping to -5°C. In late 2019 and early 2020, storms Elsa and Fabien caused immense damage, including two deaths and hundreds displaced due to flooding of the Mondego River. Some rivers overflowed their banks and turned brown from clay runoff from surrounding hills. Portugal had over 40,000 acres burned in 2019 wildfires, more than the previous year, with a devastating forest fire in 2017 in Pedrógão Grande.
The raising level of the sea
The document discusses how climate change is causing sea levels to rise globally. It notes that the ocean absorbs over 90% of the excess heat from the atmosphere due to greenhouse gas emissions. This thermal expansion combined with melting land ice causes sea levels to rise. Satellite data like from the Jason-3 mission shows that global sea levels have increased over 2 inches in the past few decades and continue rising at a rate of 1/8 inch per year. If emissions are not reduced, sea level rise could flood coastal cities and displace hundreds of millions of people by 2100.
Coastal erosion and sea level rise
Coastal erosion is a serious problem for Italy, with approximately 42% of Italy's low-lying and delta coastlines already experiencing erosion. The highest erosion rates are occurring along Italy's major river deltas such as the Arno, Obrone, Volturno, and Po Rivers, where retreat rates can reach 10 meters per year. Multiple factors are contributing to Italy's coastal erosion, including sea level rise, land subsidence, and decreasing river sediment loads.
Extreme events italy
The document summarizes different types of extreme weather events that occur in Italy, including hurricanes, tornadoes, waterspouts, cloudbursts, heatwaves, droughts, severe storms, and floods. It provides statistics on hurricanes and waterspouts in Italy, describes the causes and impacts of these phenomena, and gives some examples of extreme weather events that have impacted Italy in recent years, such as heatwaves in 2019, drought conditions in 2017-2018, and storms and flooding in Venice. The document also discusses how climate change is exacerbating some of these extreme weather risks in Italy in the future.
Eusalp it en
The document provides guidance for organizing a 24-hour hackathon at an alpine ski house. It outlines procedures for dividing participants into teams, assigning mentors, and establishing a timing structure. Guidelines are provided for forming teams and a jury, and a co-creation methodology is described involving problem identification, developing a vision, designing a solution, and integrating the project.
Evaluation portugal
The LTTA in Portugal from November 4-8, 2019 involved students, teachers, and various activities. Students found the experience educational and enjoyed interacting with other participants. Teachers felt the organization and activities were well-planned and helped strengthen relationships between partners. Each day consisted of activities like presentations, debates, lessons, and cultural excursions focused on the project's climate change theme.
Final evaluation
This document contains a final evaluation survey for students and teachers regarding a project on natural hazards and sustainability. The survey asks about the participants' involvement in project activities and lessons, what they gained from participating, and the effectiveness of different activities and dissemination methods. Teachers are asked similar questions about their students' engagement and satisfaction, the impact on teaching practices, and suggestions for improving future project activities and objectives.
Evaluation italy
Students from several countries participated in an Erasmus+ meeting in Desio, Italy from April 9-12, 2019. Students enjoyed traveling to Italy and learning about local history and the environment through activities like a trip to the mountains and Como Lake. Teachers found that the organization of contacts with partner schools prior to the meeting went well and appreciated the working groups and presentations on topics like sustainable schools and international cooperation.
Nepal
Nepal is a beautiful country with stunning natural scenery and friendly people. During my recent trip, I hiked in the Himalayas and visited several historic temples and palaces in Kathmandu. The highlights were trekking through villages in the mountains and interacting with locals who welcomed visitors into their homes and communities.
Evaluation turkey
The document summarizes student and teacher evaluations of an Erasmus+ exchange program in Gaziantep, Turkey from October 24-29, 2018. Students enjoyed traveling abroad, staying with host families, socializing with other students, and would recommend the experience. Teachers felt the organization, activities, and schedule were well arranged and the meetings were helpful. Overall, both students and teachers enjoyed participating in the exchange.
Greecenevaluation
The STEM week hosted students and teachers from Greece and other countries to participate in educational activities focused on science, technology, engineering, and math. Students enjoyed traveling abroad, staying with host families, socializing with other students, and found the accompanying teachers to be helpful. The various lessons, presentations, excursions and other events during the week allowed students to learn about topics like earthquakes, volcanoes, minerals, and the environment while interacting with participants from other countries. Teachers felt the organization and scheduling of activities during the STEM week was well arranged and created closer relationships among partner teachers from different countries.
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Global warming italy
- 2. GLACIERS MELTING Causes: •Rapid industrialization •Global warming •Less albedo Consequences: •Flooding •Hydrogeological instability •Hydroelectric power loss •Landslides •Biodiversity loss
- 3. PERMAFROST MELTING WHAT IS PERMAFROST? Ground that remains frozen for many years WHAT HAPPENS WHEN IT THAWS? It releases carbon dioxide and methane WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES? • Global warming • Rockfalls and landslides • Floods «The main area at risk was the Alps, where the mountains were more densely populated and the slopes very steep.»
- 4. HEATWAVESAnalysis of the effects of global warming on the frequency and harshness of heatwaves in Italy
- 5. WHAT ARE HEATWAVES? ● General definition: “A prolonged period of extremely high temperatures for a particular region in a particular season” ● Intensity ● Duration ● Frequency
- 6. FORMATION OF A HEATWAVE - Heatwaves occurs when a pressione anomaly occurs. In fact: PV = nRT Constant values Unknown (to be calculated) Variable Chosen (constant)
- 8. HEATWAVES IN ITALY Azores anticyclone African anticyclone
- 9. HEATWAVES AND GLOBAL WARMING PCM: Parallel Climate Model Projection on future climate variation
- 10. ACCURACY
- 11. HEATWAVES AND GLOBAL WARMING - projected intensity variation
- 12. HEATWAVES AND GLOBAL WARMING - projected frequency variation
- 13. HEATWAVES AND GLOBAL WARMING - projected duration variation
- 14. SEA LEVEL RISE
- 15. Causes: • Water from melting glaciers • Expansion of seawater • Eustatism causes • Anthropogenic causes (https://climate.nasa.gov/vital- signs/sea-level/) Consequences: • Flooding • Disappearance of some lands • Coastal erosion Risk in Italy: • RITMARE project
- 17. COASTAL EROSION
- 18. What is «Coastal Erosion»? Causes: • Anthropogenic • Natural Consequences: • Lost of lands • Disappearance of wonderful beach
- 19. FLOODS A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. The primary effects of flooding include loss of life, damage to buildings and other structures, including bridges, sewerage systems, roadways, and canals. Floods can also bring many benefits, such as recharging ground water, making soil more fertile and increasing nutrients in some soils.
- 20. The waters of the flash flood reached a height of 2.5-metres and filled the Raganello gorge in Pollino National Park
- 21. CYCLOON
- 22. CLOUDBURST A cloudburst is an extreme amount of precipitation in a short period of time, sometimes accompanied by hail and thunder They are especially common in mountainous areas. Mountain cloudbursts cause sudden and destructive floods.