- The document discusses Christopher Columbus' 1492 voyage where he discovered the Americas and the consequences of this discovery. - It then summarizes the reigns of several Spanish kings from the 16th-18th centuries including Carlos I, Felipe II, Felipe III, Felipe IV, Carlos II, Felipe V, and Carlos III. - Key events mentioned include Spain gaining territory in the Americas, Africa, and Asia; wars with France and the Turks; rebellions in Spain; and the loss of Spanish territories after several wars.

1. By Rafael
Rodríguez Pérez Year 5

4. a.Who was Christopher
Columbus?
b.Where did he think he
went?
c. Who paid for the ships?
d.What were the ships’
names?
e.Do you think it was
beneficial or harmful for the
people who already lived
there?
Class discussion. Watch, answer and discuss.
1
Find more information on:
https://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=Pvcb1IK6aw0

5. In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered a new continent:
America. It was very important, because it was the end of the
Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern Age.
Dictation.
1

7. At the end of the 15th century, the Catholic Monarchs, Isabel I
of Castilla and Fernando II of Aragón, extended their territories.
- They conquered Granada (1492), the Canary Islands (1496)
and the Kingdom of Navarra (1512).
- They gained the Kingdom of Naples (in Italy).
- Also, they conquered Melilla and other small territories in
1497.
The Catholic Monarchs financed Christopher Columbus’s
expedition. Christopher Columbus was an Italian sailor and
explorer. He ‘discovered’ the American continent.
Partners’ cheating. Read and write 2 false sentences and 1
true sentence in pairs. Later, take your partner’s sentences and write True
or False.
2

8. In the 15th century, many people thought the world was flat. Europeans
only had information about Europe, North Africa and part of Asia.
Christopher Columbus thought that the world was round.
On 3rd August 1492, Columbus left Huelva with 3 ships: la Pinta, la Niña
and la Santa María.
On 12th October 1492, the sailors saw land. After this voyage, he
organized 3 more voyages to explore the false India.
Christopher Columbus
thought he was in Asia, but he
was not. After he died, an Italian
sailor, Amerigo Vespucci, saw
that Columbus’s India was not
India, but a new continent. Ant
thanks to Amerigo, America has
its name.
All for one and one for all. Read cooperatively and draw a
comic about the discovery of America. Everybody must participate and
every opinion is important.
2

9. All for one and one for all. Read cooperatively and draw a
comic about the discovery of America. Everybody must participate and
every opinion is important.
2

10. CONSEQUENCES OF THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA
a. Spain conquered most of the American continent. ______
b. Spain became the most powerful empire in Europe. ______
c. Spanish explorers didn’t take gold or silver from America.
______
d. Spanish people took potatoes, tomatoes, tobacco and cocoa
(chocolate) from America). ______
e. In America, they had good coffee and horses. ______
f. We copied the American language and religion. ______
Pencils in the centre. Think and say if these sentences are true
or false.
2

11. Find information about these pre-Columbian cultures: Aztecs,
Mayans and Incas. Write a text using YOUR WORDS and draw a picture.
Don’t write what you don’t understand!
2

13. a. Who were Carlos I’s grandparents?
b. Who was Carlos I’s mother?
c. Who was Carlos I’s father?
d. Who was Carlos I’s name in Germany?
Numbered heads together. Look at this family tree and
answer.
3
Family
tree

14. Isabel I of
Castilla
Fernando II
of Aragón
Catholic Monarchs
HOUSE OF TRASTÁMARA
Isabel of
Aragón
Juana I of Castilla
‘the Mad’
Juan of
Aragón
María of
Aragón
Catalina of
Aragón
Alfonso of
Portugal
Margaret of
Austria
Manuel of
Portugal
Henry VIII of
England
Felipe of Austria ‘the Fair’
Maximilian I
of Habsburg
Mary of
Burgundy
HOUSE OF HABSBURG
Carlos I of
Spain (V
of
Germany)
In 1516, King Carlos I of Spain ruled the Crowns
of Castilla and Aragón and the overseas
territories. Also, he inherited the territories in
central Europe from his grandfather. In 1519,
he became Carlos V of Germany.

15. Carlos I of Spain (V of Germany) inherited a
Great Empire, but he had problems to hold it
together.
- There were internal rebellions in Castilla and
Aragón because they didn’t like his taxes and
considered him a foreigner.
- He defended the European territory against
the advance of the Turks and the French.
- He also defended Catholicism from
Protestantism. Protestants were Christians
that wanted to change the Church.
- In 1556, Carlos I
abdicated and gave his
responsibilities to his son
(Felipe II) and his brother
(Fernando I).
Thinking twins. Read and write some advices to Carlos I.
3
LANGUAGE
HELP
- You should…
- You shouldn’t…

16. In 1556, Felipe II became king of Spain. He
added to the territories in America, Africa and
Asia. In 1580, he also became the king of
Portugal.
He defeated the French in the Battle of Saint-
Quentin (1557). And in 1571 he defeated the
Turks in the Battle of Lepanto.
However, the Spanish Armada (la Armada
Invencible) was defeated by England ( find
more information about ‘la Armada Invencible’).
Furthermore, Felipe II made Madrid the
Capital of the empire.
All for one and one for all. Read, look at the map and
complete the Venn diagram using the letters.
3

17. All for one and one for all. Read, look at the map and
complete the Venn diagram using the letters.
3

18. a. He ruled territories in Asia, America and Africa.
b. He sent the Armada to invade England.
c. He fought against the French.
d. He ruled the Netherlands.
e. He became king in 1556.
f. Castilla and Aragón didn’t like his taxes.
g. He fought against the Turks.
All for one and one for all. Read, look at the map and
complete the Venn diagram using the letters.
3
Carlos I Felipe II
Both

19. What is the meaning of ‘the empire on which the sun never sets’?
Explain and write your opinion.
3

21. In 1598, Felipe II died, so Felipe III became King of
Spain. However, he was not very interested in governing
the country, so his royal favourites governed for him.
Felipe III’s most important favourite was the Duke of
Lerma.
One of the most important events in his reign was the
expulsion of the Moriscos. The Moriscos were Muslims
who had been forced to convert to Christianity during
the reign of the Catholic Monarchs.
4
Work in group. Read about the kings in the 17th centuries and
prepare a 5-minute oral exposition.

22. 4
Work in group. Read about the kings in the 17th centuries and
prepare a 5-minute oral exposition.
Felipe IV became king in 1621. His royal favourite was
Count-Duke of Olivares. He governed Spain. Under his
government Spain was continually at war.
Spain fought in the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648). This
was a religious war between the Catholics and Protestants in
Central Europe.
Spain was defeated in this war. Spain lost the
Netherlands and other territories in Europe.
The Count-Duke of Olivares tried to reinforce the King’s
power. This caused rebellions in Cataluña and Portugal.
In Cataluña the rebellions were stopped, but Portugal
became an independent country.

23. Carlos II became king in 1665 when he was only four
years old. His mother governed while he was a child.
When he was old enough to rule, Carlos II was ill.
His royal favourites governed for him.
Carlos II died without having any children.
Many European
monarchies fought
to take over the
Spanish Empire. This
was called the War
of Succession.
After the war, a
new dynasty ruled in
Spain: the Bourbon
dynasty.
4
Work in group. Read about the kings in the 17th centuries and
prepare a 5-minute oral exposition.

24. No
children
Expulsion
of the
Moriscos
1598
Carlos I of
Spain
(V of
Germany)
Felipe II
1621
30 Years’
War
Portugal
became
independent
1665
War of
Succession
-
Bourbon
dynasty
had the
victory
17th CENTURY

26. The War of Succession had two important consequences:
 A new royal dynasty ruled Spain: the Bourbons, from France.
 The Treaty of Utrecht was signed in 1713. It confirmed Felipe V as King
of Spain. As part of the treaty, Spain lost territories in Europe and
Spain, for example Gibraltar and Menorca became English.
5
Class discussion. Read and answer: What’s your opinion on this?

27. In 1700, Felipe V became king. He was
the grandson of the French king Louis XIV.
Felipe V established an absolute monarchy.
This meant he had all the powers of State.
He made important reforms:
 He abolished the laws and institutions
of Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia and the
Balearic Islands. He didn’t abolish the
institutions of Navarre and the Basque
Country.
 He made Spanish the only official
language.
 He introduced the Salic Law of
succession, which excluded women
from the Spanish throne.
5
Individual work. Read and write a summary of all the kings of the
17th and 18th centuries. Use linkers.

28. 5
Individual work. Read and write a summary of all the kings of the
17th and 18th centuries. Use linkers.
When Philip V died, Fernando
VI became the King of Spain. He
continued the reforms and was
very similar to Philip V.
Fernando VI also built roads
and canals.

29. In 1759, Carlos III and his
ministers tried to modernize the
country.
They tried to improve
agriculture, industry and trade.
They reformed education and
built libraries and museums
such as the Prado Museum.
Under Carlos III’s rule,
Menorca became part of Spain
again.
5
Individual work. Read and write a summary of all the kings of the
17th and 18th centuries. Use linkers.

30. In 1788, Carlos IV became King of Spain. He was an
unpopular king who left the government of the country in the
hands of his ministers: Manuel Godoy.
5
Individual work. Read and write a summary of all the kings of the
17th and 18th centuries. Use linkers.

31. 5
Numbered heads together. Complete this timeline.

33. The Golden Age was _______________ and _______ splendour
_______ during the _________________.
Works of art were mainly of ________ themes, commissioned
by __________________.
6
Dictation.

34. 6
Couple of artists. Read cooperatively and search the Internet to
copy a work of art of one of the Golden Age artists.
SCULPTURE
PAINTING
ARCHITECTURE
Architecture changed during the Golden Age. Buildings were ornately
decorated and had lots of curved elements to give a sense of movement. For
example: The façade of the Obradoiro of the Cathedral of Santiago and the
Plaza Mayor in Madrid.
Golden Age sculptures show expression and movement. You can see some
of these sculptures in Easter processions.
Artists painted portraits in the realistic style. They used contrast so that
figures seemed illuminated against very dark backgrounds. Some important
artists were El Greco, Diego Velázquez, Murillo and Zurbarán.

35. 6
Couple of artists. Read cooperatively and search the Internet to
copy a work of art of one of the Golden Age artists.
LITERATURE
• Poetry: Some famous authors are Fran Luis de León, Santa Teresa de
Jesús, San Juan de la Cruz, Garcilaso de la Vega and Luis de Góngora.
• Theatre: Some famous authors are Félix Lope de Vega, Tirso de Molina
and Pedro Calderón.
• Novel: The most famous author is Miguel de Cervantes, who wrote
Don Quijote. Another important author is Francisco de Quevedo.

36. In the 18th century, there was a new cultural movement, a
revolution. It was the Enlightenment. It consisted of…
a. …a movement that gave more importance to the reason
(thinking) and not to religion.
b. …a movement that defended religion and reason (thinking).
c. …a movement that gave more importance to religion and not
to the reason (thinking).
6
1-2-group. Read and choose the correct definition.

37. 6
The golden sentence. In groups, choose the image that
represents the Enlightenment and explain why in one sentence.

38. The Enlightenment came from France and spread during the
Bourbon dynasty (18th century). These were the most famous
French philosophers (thinkers):
6
Maze. Listen to some philosophers’ names and find the way to the
Enlightenment. First, look and memorize their faces.

39. 6
Maze. Listen to some philosophers’ names and find the way to the
Enlightenment. First, look and memorize their faces.
START
ENLIGHTENMENT

40. FRANCISCO DE GOYA
He is one of the most important artists in the world. He was a painter at
the Spanish court. He painted portraits of Carlos III and Carlos IV.
He painted festivals, but also painted scenes depicting the tragedy and
suffering of war.
6
Couple of artists. Read cooperatively, search the Internet and
copy a Goya’s painting, but add ONE element from the present.
The 3rd of May 1808, by Francisco de GoyaThe 2nd of May 1808, by Francisco de Goya

41. 6
Individual work. Think and make the unit diagram.