3. Main Idea / Reading Focus

4. The King Becomes Emperor

5. Artistic Achievements

6. Spain under Philip II The Power of Spain

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9. What were some artistic achievements of Spain’s golden age?

10. How did Spain rise and then decline under Philip II? Main Idea Spain experienced a golden age during the 1500s, but economic problems and military struggles decreased Spanish power by the 1600s. The Power of Spain

12. Monarchs received power from God, must not be challenged

13. 1500 through 1700s, absolute monarchs tried to impose their will across much of Europe, lands beyond

15. Inexperienced, but had one kingly trait—as member of ancient, powerful Hapsburg family, prepared to rule as absolute monarch

16. Absolute monarch, ruler whose power not limited by having to consult with nobles, common people or their representatives Kingly Trait

18. Position elective; Charles borrowed money to buy votes

21. Faced enemies on all sides—Ottoman Turks, French, rebellious German princes

22. Also fought for religious control over Europe

23. Wanted Europe to be Roman Catholic

24. Growing Protestant movement threatened influence Enemies Everywhere

26. Charles’ vision of a Catholic Europe never became reality

28. In spite of Charles’ efforts, Protestants gained influence

29. Rebellions against Catholic rulers spread

30. After years of warfare, Charles V had to sign Peace of Augsburg

34. Brought Spain fabulous wealth Success in Americas

36. Draw Conclusions In what ways was Charles V successful as an emperor? In what ways was he unsuccessful? Answer(s): successful—exploration of the Americas, which brought fabulous wealth to Spain; unsuccessful—did not maintain religious control over Europe; constant wars brought financial problems

39. Became known as El Greco; style famous for elongated figures

41. Created masterpieces portraying people of all social classes with great dignity

42. Vel á zquez had privilege of being the court painter Court Painter

47. She believed women had right to education Literature

48. Summarize What were some achievements of Spain’s Golden Century? Answer(s): paintings by El Greco and Velásquez, writings by Miguel de Cervantes and Juana Ines de la Cruz

50. One reason — stream of gold and silver from colonies in Americas

52. Saw himself as leader of Counter-Reformation

55. 1560s, bloody revolt began Revolt in the Low Countries

58. Tortured, executed thousands suspected of being rebels

60. 1609, truce reached

61. Seven northern provinces formed independent nation, the Netherlands

62. Southern provinces remained in Spanish hands Dutch Revolt

64. As fellow Protestants, England sent aid to Dutch rebels

67. England’s Queen Elizabeth I allowed ship captains to attack Spanish treasure ships, steal gold, silver for England Spain and England

69. Totaled about 130 ships, 20,000 soldiers, sailors

70. 1588, invincible fleet sailed into English channel

72. Also planned to be joined by Spanish forces in Netherlands

74. Spanish ships fled in panic, disarray

75. As damaged ships made way home, several were wrecked Armada Not Invincible

78. Philip’s government centralized

79. He trusted no one

80. Court riddled by factions, suspicion

82. Borrowed money often; went bankrupt four times

83. Prices driven up, inflation

84. Spain did not develop industries Americans Join the Battle

85. Recall What were two events that caused problems for Spain? Answer(s): revolt in the Netherlands; defeat of the Spanish Armada