1. Fernando and Isabel united their kingdoms through marriage, creating a powerful Spain. They established the Spanish Inquisition and expelled Jews in 1492. 2. Explorers like Columbus and Magellan expanded Spain's empire, leading to the conquest of the Aztecs and Incas. This introduced new goods, diseases, and slavery to the Americas. 3. The Hapsburg and Bourbon dynasties ruled Spain over subsequent centuries. The Bourbons centralized power and modernized Spain under the influence of the Enlightenment.

1. EARLY MODERN
SPAIN
UNIT 3

2. 1. THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
At the beginning of the Early Modern Age, there
were various kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula.
In 1469 Fernando of
Aragón and Isabel of
Castilla married. They
were the Catholic
Monarchs.

3. The reign of the Catholic Monarchs
• Their marriage and the union of their kingdoms increased their power.
• The Catholic Monarchs created a modern state in Spain.
• They conquered the Kingdon of Granada.
• They expanded their kingdoms (Canary Islands, Melilla, Navarra…).
• They gave money to Christopher Columbus.

4. The Spanish Inquisition
Fernando and Isabel were intolerant towards other
religions. They established the Inquisition in 1478. This
was an organisation that arrested, interrogated,
tortured and killed non-Catholic people.
In 1492 Isabel and Fernando expelled Jewish people
from their kingdom.

5. 2. THE AGE OF DISCOVERY
During the Early Modern Ages, many European
explorers discovered and conquered new lands.
These lands became part of the Spanish Empire.

6. In 1492 Christopher Columbus went on a
voyage to find a different route from Spain
to Asia. He discovered America, but he
believed that he was in Asia.
Ferdinand Magellan
was the first person
to sail across the
Pacific Ocean. He was
killed in Philippines.
Juan Sebastián Elcano
took over the expedition.
He was the first person
to sail around the world.

7. The first conquistadors
HERNÁN CORTÉS
He was the conquistador of
Mexico in 1519. He conquered
the Aztecs and became the
governor of New Spain.
FRANCISCO PIZARRO
He was the conquistador of
Peru in 1532. He conquered the
Incas and became the governor
of New Castilla.

8. The consequences of the Age of Discovery
• Europeans learned more about geography and established new sea
routes.
• Spain became a powerful empire and one of the richest countries in
Europe.
• New products were introduced in Europe (cocoa, potatoes)
• European religion and culture were imposed to the native people.
• Millions of native people died because of new European diseases.
• Europeans introduced slavery in America.

9. 3. THE HAPSBURGS
In the 16th and 17th centuries, Spain was ruled by the Hapsburg dynasty.
Carlos I and Felipe II were the most important Hapsburg kings.
Carlos I was the
grandson of the Catholic
Monarchs and the first
Hapsburg King of Spain.
He fought against France
and the Turkish Ottoman
Empire.
Felipe II (Felipe el
prudente) was Carlos I´s
son. He was also King of
Portugal and fought
against France and the
Turkish Ottoman Empire.
Curiositieshttps://www.monarquiaespanola.es/

10. Felipe III, Felipe IV and Carlos II are the Lesser
Hapsburgs because they were less powerful than Carlos
I and Felipe II.
Carlos II died in 1700 and that was the end of the
Hapsburg dynasty because he didn`t have any heirs.

11. 4. THE BOURBONS
In the 18th century, Spain was ruled by the Bourbon dynasty.
Felipe V and Carlos III were the most important Bourbon kings.
1700 WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION
Carlos II
died
In 1713, the Treaty of Utrecht ended the war. Philip of Anjoy
became Felipe V, the first Bourbon king of Spain.
Philip of Anjou
France
Kingdom of Castilla
Austrian Empire
The kingdom of Aragon
Other European countries

12. Felipe V ruled with
absolute power in the
first half of the 18th
century. He centralized
the government. He also
eliminated local laws and
institutions. He divided
Spain into provinces.
Carlos III ruled Spain
in the second half of the
18th century. He made
many changes to improve
the country and the lives
of the Spanish people.
He modernized the
country.
https://www.monarquiaespanola.es/

13. The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a new way of thinking that became popular in
Europe in the 18th century. Learning was very important.
Many European monarchs were influenced by the Enlightenment. They
wanted to modernize their countries and the living conditions. These
monarchs are enlightened despots.
Carlos III was an enlightenment despot. He created new institutions
(the Royal Astronomical Observatory, the Royal Academies…)

14. 5. ART AND CULTURE
Renaissance 15th – 16th centuries
Artistic styles
Baroque 17th – 18th centuries
THE GOLDEN AGE 16th – 17th centuries
16th century
- El Greco
- Garcilaso de la Vega
- Santa Teresa de Jesús
- San Juan de la Cruz
17th century
- Murillo
- Velázquez
- Cervantes
- Lope de Vega
- Tirso de Molina