Questions: WHAT ARE ENZYMES? USAGE OF ENZYMES IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY? Advantages of using Enzymes? Properties of enzymes used in textiles? The main characteristics imparted to the fabric during bio polishing treatment?

1. Presentation On
Enzymes, Denim Stone Washing and
Bio polishing.
Presenter
Md. Sirajul Islam Sagor
Daffodil International University

2. WHAT ARE ENZYMES?
• Biological catalysts for biochemical reactions
• Every enzyme has a specific function
• Accelerate the reaction rate by reducing the activation energy. pH and
temperature sensitive.
• Stable and work in mild conditions
• Categorized according to the compounds they act upon.
• Ex: Cellulose enzyme for Cellulose, Lipase for lipids

3. USAGE OF ENZYMES IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY
• De sizing
• Enzyme washing – Makes the garment softer and
more supple(Hand feel).
• Used to get various wash looks
• Enzyme stone washing
• Bio polishing
• Remove stains

4. • Desizing
• It is the process of removing the sizing material from the warp yarns after the textile
fabric is woven.
• Desizing methods: Enzymatic, Oxidative, Acid, Removal of water soluble sizes
• Advantages of using Enzymes
• Less time required
• No damage to the fiber
• Biodegradable
• Closely constructed fabric can be easily desized due to the effective enzyme action

5. Properties of enzymes used in textiles
1. Enzyme accelerates the reaction
 An enzyme accelerates the rate of particular reaction by lowering the activation energy of reaction
 The enzyme remains intact at the end of reaction by acting as catalyst
2. Enzymes operate under milder condition
 Each enzyme have optimum temperature and optimum pH i.e. activity of enzyme at that pH and
temperature is on the peak
 For most of the enzyme activity degrades on the both sides of optimum condition
3. Alternative for polluting chemicals
 Enzymes can be used as best alternative to toxic, hazardous, pollution making chemicals
 Also some pollutant chemicals are even carcinogenic. When we use enzymes there is no pollution

6. 4. Enzyme acts only on specific substrate
 Most enzymes have high degree of specificity and will catalyze the reaction with one or few
substrates
 One particular enzyme will only catalyze a specific type of reaction. Enzymes used in desizing do not
affect cellulose hence there is no loss of strength of cotton
5. Enzyme are easy to control
 Enzymes are easy to control because their activity depends upon optimum condition
6. Enzymes are biodegradable
 At the end of reaction in which enzymes used we can simly drain the remaining solution because
enzymes are biodegradable and do not produce toxic waste on degradation hence there is no
pollution

7. • Bio polishing
• Bio polishing is a finishing process that improves fabric quality by mainly reducing fuzziness and
pilling property of cellulosic fibre.
• The objective of the process is elimination of micro fibrils of cotton through the action of cellulase
enzyme
• The main characteristics imparted to the fabric during biopolishing treament are as
follow:
• Cleaner surface is obtained conferring a cooler feel.
• Lusture is obtained as a side effect
• Fabric obtains softer feel.
• Tendency of the fabric to pill ends.

8. Stone washing
• Stone washing is a textile manufacturing process used to
give a newly manufactured cloth garment a worn-in (or
worn-out) appearance. Stone-washingalso helps to
increase the softness and flexibility of otherwise stiff and
rigid fabricssuch as canvas and denim.

9. All the above processes of stone wash are
discussed in the below table: