Presentation of the big external memory
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Hard drives are storage devices inside computers that store the operating system, programs, and files. They use spinning disks to store large amounts of data, from 200GB to 1TB, and retain data until deleted. External hard drives can be plugged into computers via USB to provide additional storage and are used for backup or transferring large amounts of data between devices, though they are bulky. Memory sticks and memory cards are portable storage devices that plug into USB ports or card readers and range in size from 512MB to 32GB, allowing users to easily store and transfer photos, music, and other files.
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External memory
This document discusses four main types of external memory: magnetic disks, optical disks, magnetic tape, and disk drives. Magnetic disks store data on circular platters coated with magnetic material and use read/write heads to access data. Optical disks like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-rays use lasers to read and write digital information to coated discs. Magnetic tape stores data on magnetic tape housed in cartridges and uses similar reading and writing techniques as disks. Disk drives, like hard disk drives, store large amounts of data on spinning magnetic platters that are read and written to by heads positioned very close to the disk surface.
External memory
This document discusses various types of external memory used in computer systems, including magnetic disks, optical disks, and magnetic tape. Magnetic disks are the most commonly used and come in removable and fixed varieties, using magnetic coating and read/write heads. Optical disks like CDs and DVDs provide high capacity storage using lasers to read encoded data pits. While slower than disks, magnetic tape remains useful for backup and archiving due to its very low cost per gigabyte.
Csc1401 lecture07 -external memory
This document provides information about external memory systems including magnetic disks, solid state drives, and optical disks. It discusses the components and operation of magnetic disks including read/write mechanisms, data organization and formatting, physical characteristics, and performance parameters. It also summarizes different RAID levels from 0 to 6 and their characteristics. For solid state drives, it describes flash memory, compares SSDs to HDDs, and discusses SSD organization and practical issues related to performance and lifespan.
Magnetic tape system
Magnetic tape systems store large amounts of data using magnetic tape. Data is recorded across the width of the tape in parallel using multiple read/write heads. Data is organized into records separated by gaps and grouped into files marked by file marks. Controller commands are used to position and manage the tape, such as rewinding, spacing between records and files, and writing tape marks. Tape systems are useful for data storage and backup due to their large capacity.
Auxiliary memory Computer Architecture and Computer Organization
This document provides an overview of auxiliary memory technologies including magnetic disks, RAID, and optical disks. It discusses how magnetic disks store data using magnetized particles on a glass platter and how data is read and written via magnetic read/write heads. RAID configurations including RAID levels 0, 1, and 5 are introduced for providing data redundancy and increasing disk performance. Optical disks such as CDs and DVDs are also covered, explaining how data is encoded and read using pits and lands on the disk surface along with constant linear velocity to maximize storage capacity.
PPT on Auxiliary Storage Devices
The document discusses various types of auxiliary storage devices. It begins by defining auxiliary storage as secondary storage, also known as external memory. It then lists and provides brief descriptions of common auxiliary storage devices, including magnetic tapes, hard disks, floppy disks, zip disks, jaz disks, super disks, optical disks, DVDs, and USB flash drives. The document also distinguishes between sequential and random access media.
external_memory
This chapter discusses various types of external memory including magnetic disks, optical disks, and magnetic tape. It provides details on the technology behind hard disks, floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray disks, tape drives, and RAID systems. The key aspects covered include disk formatting, read/write mechanisms, data organization, seek times, transfer rates, capacities, and the advantages and disadvantages of different external memory types.
Secondary Storage Devices
Secondary Storage DevicesWe Learn - A Continuous Learning Forum from Welingkar's Distance Learning Program.
Secondary storage devices are used to store data semi-permanently as primary storage is volatile. Common secondary devices include floppy disks, hard disks, CDs/DVDs, pen drives, and magnetic tapes. Floppy disks use magnetic material coated plastic disks to store data in tracks and sectors, allowing direct access. Hard disks have multiple rigid platters that spin rapidly, containing data on both sides. Data is read and written by heads positioned very close to surfaces. Pen drives use flash memory and a USB interface for portable storage. DVDs can store more data than CDs due to higher density encoding and multilayer capabilities.Recommended
External memory
This document discusses four main types of external memory: magnetic disks, optical disks, magnetic tape, and disk drives. Magnetic disks store data on circular platters coated with magnetic material and use read/write heads to access data. Optical disks like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-rays use lasers to read and write digital information to coated discs. Magnetic tape stores data on magnetic tape housed in cartridges and uses similar reading and writing techniques as disks. Disk drives, like hard disk drives, store large amounts of data on spinning magnetic platters that are read and written to by heads positioned very close to the disk surface.
External memory
This document discusses various types of external memory used in computer systems, including magnetic disks, optical disks, and magnetic tape. Magnetic disks are the most commonly used and come in removable and fixed varieties, using magnetic coating and read/write heads. Optical disks like CDs and DVDs provide high capacity storage using lasers to read encoded data pits. While slower than disks, magnetic tape remains useful for backup and archiving due to its very low cost per gigabyte.
Csc1401 lecture07 -external memory
This document provides information about external memory systems including magnetic disks, solid state drives, and optical disks. It discusses the components and operation of magnetic disks including read/write mechanisms, data organization and formatting, physical characteristics, and performance parameters. It also summarizes different RAID levels from 0 to 6 and their characteristics. For solid state drives, it describes flash memory, compares SSDs to HDDs, and discusses SSD organization and practical issues related to performance and lifespan.
Magnetic tape system
Magnetic tape systems store large amounts of data using magnetic tape. Data is recorded across the width of the tape in parallel using multiple read/write heads. Data is organized into records separated by gaps and grouped into files marked by file marks. Controller commands are used to position and manage the tape, such as rewinding, spacing between records and files, and writing tape marks. Tape systems are useful for data storage and backup due to their large capacity.
Auxiliary memory Computer Architecture and Computer Organization
This document provides an overview of auxiliary memory technologies including magnetic disks, RAID, and optical disks. It discusses how magnetic disks store data using magnetized particles on a glass platter and how data is read and written via magnetic read/write heads. RAID configurations including RAID levels 0, 1, and 5 are introduced for providing data redundancy and increasing disk performance. Optical disks such as CDs and DVDs are also covered, explaining how data is encoded and read using pits and lands on the disk surface along with constant linear velocity to maximize storage capacity.
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The document discusses various types of auxiliary storage devices. It begins by defining auxiliary storage as secondary storage, also known as external memory. It then lists and provides brief descriptions of common auxiliary storage devices, including magnetic tapes, hard disks, floppy disks, zip disks, jaz disks, super disks, optical disks, DVDs, and USB flash drives. The document also distinguishes between sequential and random access media.
external_memory
This chapter discusses various types of external memory including magnetic disks, optical disks, and magnetic tape. It provides details on the technology behind hard disks, floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray disks, tape drives, and RAID systems. The key aspects covered include disk formatting, read/write mechanisms, data organization, seek times, transfer rates, capacities, and the advantages and disadvantages of different external memory types.
Secondary Storage Devices
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Secondary storage devices are used to store data semi-permanently as primary storage is volatile. Common secondary devices include floppy disks, hard disks, CDs/DVDs, pen drives, and magnetic tapes. Floppy disks use magnetic material coated plastic disks to store data in tracks and sectors, allowing direct access. Hard disks have multiple rigid platters that spin rapidly, containing data on both sides. Data is read and written by heads positioned very close to surfaces. Pen drives use flash memory and a USB interface for portable storage. DVDs can store more data than CDs due to higher density encoding and multilayer capabilities.Presentation on storage devices
this presentation is for storage devices and the basic concept of storage devices including hard disk, floppy disk etc.
DIRECT ACCESS STORAGE DEVICES
Direct access storage devices (DASDs) include magnetic disks, optical storage devices, and flash memory. Magnetic disks can be fixed-head or movable-head. Movable-head disks use a disk pack of stacked platters and read/write heads that move together to access data located in cylinders. Optical storage uses lasers to read microscopic pits on disks like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs, allowing more data storage than magnetic disks. Flash memory uses transistors to store data in blocks that must be erased before being rewritten.
External memory - Computer Architecture
Magnetic disks remain the most important component of external memory. Data is recorded on disks through magnetic read and write heads. Disks are organized into tracks and sectors for efficient data access. RAID systems provide data redundancy or higher performance through striping and mirroring across multiple disks. Optical disks like CDs and DVDs store data through microscopic pits and lands read by lasers, and use constant linear velocity to increase storage capacity toward the disk edge.
Secondary Storage
Secondary storage, such as hard disks, floppy disks, optical disks, magnetic tapes, and online storage, provides large storage capacities and reliability compared to primary storage/memory. It allows permanent storage of software, data, and files. Benefits include vast storage capacities, reliability since data is safe from tampering, convenience of quick data access, and lower costs than paper filing systems. Data is organized on disks through methods like sectors and cylinders to efficiently store information.
Magnetic Disk
A magnetic disk uses a magnetization process to read and write data stored in tracks and sectors on a circular platter coated with a magnetic material. Common examples are hard disks, floppy disks, and zip disks. Modern hard disks use glass substrates, multiple platters, and multiple read/write heads to improve storage capacity and reliability. Data is organized into concentric tracks divided into sectors for efficient reading and writing as the disk rotates.
Floppy disk
The floppy disk drive was invented in 1967 by Alan Shugart at IBM, originally using 8-inch disks. By the 1980s, improved designs led to the ubiquitous 3.5-inch, 1.44MB floppy disk drive. Floppy disks stored information in concentric tracks and sectors on magnetic media, allowing direct access unlike tapes. Though replaced by optical discs, floppy disks remained useful for software recovery and transferring data without networks.
Hard Disk Drive Complete structure
A hard disk is a storage device that uses magnetically coated platters to store data. It contains 1 or more disks with storage capacities ranging from 40GB to over 1TB. Hard disks can be either internal fixed disks inside a computer or portable removable disks that can be transferred. Data is stored using either longitudinal or perpendicular magnetic recording aligned on the disk surface. Key components include platters, read/write heads, and a spindle that rotates the platters to enable reading and writing of data in tracks and sectors. A head crash can occur if the read/write head touches the disk surface, potentially causing data loss.
Storage device
This document discusses different types of storage devices including optical storage devices. It provides a brief history of optical storage including the introduction of CDs in 1983, DVDs in 1996, and Blu-Ray in 2002. It describes how optical storage works by making marks on an optically readable medium that can be read back with a laser, and how data is stored in pits and lands. The document also outlines other storage devices like hard drives, solid state drives, flash memory, and magnetic storage devices.
Storage (Hard disk drive)
Storage holds data and information for future use. Common storage media include hard disks, SSDs, flash drives, and optical discs. Storage capacity is measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and larger units. A storage device contains hardware that writes data to storage media and reads data from storage media. Common interfaces that connect hard disks include PATA, SATA, SCSI, and SAS. Hard disks contain spinning platters, read/write heads, and motors, while SSDs use flash memory. RAID configurations like 0, 1, 5, and 1+0 provide different balances of performance and redundancy.
Hard Disk
The document provides information about hard disk drives, including:
- Hard disk drives store digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. Data is stored as binary 0s and 1s.
- Disk structures include tracks, sectors, cylinders, and clusters. Tracks are circular areas on disks, sectors are the smallest storage units, cylinders group same tracks, and clusters are groups of sectors.
- Performance is measured by latency, data rate, and seek time. Latency depends on rotation speed, data rate is bytes/second, and seek time is retrieving requested data.
- Common interfaces are IDE, SATA, and SCSI, which have different connectors and data transfer speeds.
Storage devices powerpoint
The document compares and contrasts different forms of removable storage devices, including floppy disks, USB memory sticks, portable hard drives, CDs, DVDs, and hard disks. It outlines the storage capacity, portability, and typical price ranges for each option. Floppy disks are obsolete but once held 1.44MB, while USB sticks can hold 1GB-36GB and are very portable. Portable hard drives hold more but sacrifice some portability, and cost £60-£80 on average.
S tora ge devices
Today everyday is developing. The devices are getting compact and compact. Here are some Storage devices listed with some information.
Hard Disk
This document discusses the components and operation of hard disk drives. It describes how hard disks store data using longitudinal or perpendicular magnetic recording. The key components of a hard disk drive are platters, read/write heads, cylinders, and a spindle. Platters are coated disks that store data magnetically. Read/write heads barely touch the platter surface to read and write data. Cylinders refer to vertical sections of tracks that pass through all platters. The spindle holds the platters and rotates them at high speeds during operation.
Types of Storage Devices
This document discusses various types of external storage devices, including hard disk drives, solid state drives, flash memory, optical discs, and future technologies. It provides details on how hard disk drives use spinning disks and magnetic heads to read and write data. Solid state drives have no moving parts and use integrated circuits for memory. USB flash drives are small, removable flash memory devices. Optical discs like CDs and DVDs store data in spiral tracks of tiny bumps burned by a laser onto the disc's surface. Future storage technologies may use helium instead of air in hard drives for higher capacity and kinetic drives that interface over ethernet.
Mass Storage Devices
The document discusses various mass storage devices used in computers. It provides details on floppy disks, hard disks, CDs, DVDs, and USB drives. For floppy disks, it describes the parts of the floppy disk and drive, different sizes of floppies, and how data is written to a floppy disk. For hard disks, it explains the components, how data is read and written, low-level formatting, partitioning, and high-level formatting. It also lists characteristics of different hard disk families used in PCs such as capacity, reliability, and transfer rates.
Hard Disk Drive
Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is a data storage device that stores and retrieves data using one or more rigid disks coated with magnetic material called platters. Platters are paired with magnetic heads that read and write data by transforming the platter's magnetic field into electrical signals and vice versa. HDDs were first introduced in 1956 and stored 3.75 megabytes on stacks of disks. Modern HDDs use ferromagnetic material and encoding schemes to record data as magnetic transitions on disks that spin between 4,200 and 15,000 revolutions per minute.
Storage devices
This document defines and classifies different types of storage devices:
- Storage devices are hardware used to store data and are classified as primary, secondary, or offline. Primary storage is fastest but deletes data on reboot, while secondary storage retains data regardless of power and offline storage can be removed.
- Magnetic storage devices like hard disks and tapes use magnetism to read and write, while optical devices like CDs and DVDs use lasers. Other devices include USB drives and memory cards.
- Storage devices functions are to read and write data, and they are essential components that allow computers to permanently save and access digital information.
Hard disk
A hard disk drive uses magnetic platters and read/write heads to store and retrieve digital data. The platters spin rapidly inside the hard drive and are made of materials with magnetic surfaces to permanently store data in tracks and sectors. Other components include the spindle that spins the platters, an actuator arm that positions the read/write heads, and a circuit board that controls input/output signals and movement of the arm. Common types are PATA, SATA, SCSI, and solid state drives which have no moving parts and use flash memory instead of magnetism.
Types of secondary storage devices ppt
Secondary storage devices are used to store and retrieve data outside of the computer's main memory. They include internal hard drives and removable media like USB drives, CDs, DVDs, and tapes. Secondary storage saves data permanently, allows portability between devices, and comes in various sizes and formats. Common types discussed are fixed internal hard drives using magnetic disks, removable optical disks like CDs and DVDs, magnetic tapes for backups, and floppy disks which were an early portable storage type but have been replaced by higher capacity devices.
Hard disk
The document discusses hard disk drives (HDDs), which are non-volatile storage devices that retain data even without power. It describes HDD components like platters, read/write heads, actuators, and logic boards. It explains how data is stored on HDDs using tracks, sectors, and clusters. It also covers HDD interfaces, controllers, partitioning, file systems, and the read/write process.
Storing data : Disk Organization and I/O
The document discusses how databases are stored on disks and the implications for database management system design. It describes how disks provide secondary storage that is cheaper than RAM but slower to access. The database management system uses a buffer manager to efficiently read and write pages from disk to memory. It must carefully arrange data on disks and manage buffers in memory to minimize expensive disk I/O operations like disk seeks and rotations.
Magnetic disk
Magnetic disks store data on magnetic platters that are spun by a spindle. A read/write head moves across the platters via an actuator to write data by magnetizing patterns on the surface and read data by detecting the magnetic polarity of patterns. The head, actuator, and ribbon cable connecting the disk to the motherboard work together to allow the disk to write electronic pulses as magnetic patterns and read those patterns as electrical currents.
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Presentation on storage devices
this presentation is for storage devices and the basic concept of storage devices including hard disk, floppy disk etc.
DIRECT ACCESS STORAGE DEVICES
Direct access storage devices (DASDs) include magnetic disks, optical storage devices, and flash memory. Magnetic disks can be fixed-head or movable-head. Movable-head disks use a disk pack of stacked platters and read/write heads that move together to access data located in cylinders. Optical storage uses lasers to read microscopic pits on disks like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs, allowing more data storage than magnetic disks. Flash memory uses transistors to store data in blocks that must be erased before being rewritten.
External memory - Computer Architecture
Magnetic disks remain the most important component of external memory. Data is recorded on disks through magnetic read and write heads. Disks are organized into tracks and sectors for efficient data access. RAID systems provide data redundancy or higher performance through striping and mirroring across multiple disks. Optical disks like CDs and DVDs store data through microscopic pits and lands read by lasers, and use constant linear velocity to increase storage capacity toward the disk edge.
Secondary Storage
Secondary storage, such as hard disks, floppy disks, optical disks, magnetic tapes, and online storage, provides large storage capacities and reliability compared to primary storage/memory. It allows permanent storage of software, data, and files. Benefits include vast storage capacities, reliability since data is safe from tampering, convenience of quick data access, and lower costs than paper filing systems. Data is organized on disks through methods like sectors and cylinders to efficiently store information.
Magnetic Disk
A magnetic disk uses a magnetization process to read and write data stored in tracks and sectors on a circular platter coated with a magnetic material. Common examples are hard disks, floppy disks, and zip disks. Modern hard disks use glass substrates, multiple platters, and multiple read/write heads to improve storage capacity and reliability. Data is organized into concentric tracks divided into sectors for efficient reading and writing as the disk rotates.
Floppy disk
The floppy disk drive was invented in 1967 by Alan Shugart at IBM, originally using 8-inch disks. By the 1980s, improved designs led to the ubiquitous 3.5-inch, 1.44MB floppy disk drive. Floppy disks stored information in concentric tracks and sectors on magnetic media, allowing direct access unlike tapes. Though replaced by optical discs, floppy disks remained useful for software recovery and transferring data without networks.
Hard Disk Drive Complete structure
A hard disk is a storage device that uses magnetically coated platters to store data. It contains 1 or more disks with storage capacities ranging from 40GB to over 1TB. Hard disks can be either internal fixed disks inside a computer or portable removable disks that can be transferred. Data is stored using either longitudinal or perpendicular magnetic recording aligned on the disk surface. Key components include platters, read/write heads, and a spindle that rotates the platters to enable reading and writing of data in tracks and sectors. A head crash can occur if the read/write head touches the disk surface, potentially causing data loss.
Storage device
This document discusses different types of storage devices including optical storage devices. It provides a brief history of optical storage including the introduction of CDs in 1983, DVDs in 1996, and Blu-Ray in 2002. It describes how optical storage works by making marks on an optically readable medium that can be read back with a laser, and how data is stored in pits and lands. The document also outlines other storage devices like hard drives, solid state drives, flash memory, and magnetic storage devices.
Storage (Hard disk drive)
Storage holds data and information for future use. Common storage media include hard disks, SSDs, flash drives, and optical discs. Storage capacity is measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and larger units. A storage device contains hardware that writes data to storage media and reads data from storage media. Common interfaces that connect hard disks include PATA, SATA, SCSI, and SAS. Hard disks contain spinning platters, read/write heads, and motors, while SSDs use flash memory. RAID configurations like 0, 1, 5, and 1+0 provide different balances of performance and redundancy.
Hard Disk
The document provides information about hard disk drives, including:
- Hard disk drives store digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. Data is stored as binary 0s and 1s.
- Disk structures include tracks, sectors, cylinders, and clusters. Tracks are circular areas on disks, sectors are the smallest storage units, cylinders group same tracks, and clusters are groups of sectors.
- Performance is measured by latency, data rate, and seek time. Latency depends on rotation speed, data rate is bytes/second, and seek time is retrieving requested data.
- Common interfaces are IDE, SATA, and SCSI, which have different connectors and data transfer speeds.
Storage devices powerpoint
The document compares and contrasts different forms of removable storage devices, including floppy disks, USB memory sticks, portable hard drives, CDs, DVDs, and hard disks. It outlines the storage capacity, portability, and typical price ranges for each option. Floppy disks are obsolete but once held 1.44MB, while USB sticks can hold 1GB-36GB and are very portable. Portable hard drives hold more but sacrifice some portability, and cost £60-£80 on average.
S tora ge devices
Today everyday is developing. The devices are getting compact and compact. Here are some Storage devices listed with some information.
Hard Disk
This document discusses the components and operation of hard disk drives. It describes how hard disks store data using longitudinal or perpendicular magnetic recording. The key components of a hard disk drive are platters, read/write heads, cylinders, and a spindle. Platters are coated disks that store data magnetically. Read/write heads barely touch the platter surface to read and write data. Cylinders refer to vertical sections of tracks that pass through all platters. The spindle holds the platters and rotates them at high speeds during operation.
Types of Storage Devices
This document discusses various types of external storage devices, including hard disk drives, solid state drives, flash memory, optical discs, and future technologies. It provides details on how hard disk drives use spinning disks and magnetic heads to read and write data. Solid state drives have no moving parts and use integrated circuits for memory. USB flash drives are small, removable flash memory devices. Optical discs like CDs and DVDs store data in spiral tracks of tiny bumps burned by a laser onto the disc's surface. Future storage technologies may use helium instead of air in hard drives for higher capacity and kinetic drives that interface over ethernet.
Mass Storage Devices
The document discusses various mass storage devices used in computers. It provides details on floppy disks, hard disks, CDs, DVDs, and USB drives. For floppy disks, it describes the parts of the floppy disk and drive, different sizes of floppies, and how data is written to a floppy disk. For hard disks, it explains the components, how data is read and written, low-level formatting, partitioning, and high-level formatting. It also lists characteristics of different hard disk families used in PCs such as capacity, reliability, and transfer rates.
Hard Disk Drive
Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is a data storage device that stores and retrieves data using one or more rigid disks coated with magnetic material called platters. Platters are paired with magnetic heads that read and write data by transforming the platter's magnetic field into electrical signals and vice versa. HDDs were first introduced in 1956 and stored 3.75 megabytes on stacks of disks. Modern HDDs use ferromagnetic material and encoding schemes to record data as magnetic transitions on disks that spin between 4,200 and 15,000 revolutions per minute.
Storage devices
This document defines and classifies different types of storage devices:
- Storage devices are hardware used to store data and are classified as primary, secondary, or offline. Primary storage is fastest but deletes data on reboot, while secondary storage retains data regardless of power and offline storage can be removed.
- Magnetic storage devices like hard disks and tapes use magnetism to read and write, while optical devices like CDs and DVDs use lasers. Other devices include USB drives and memory cards.
- Storage devices functions are to read and write data, and they are essential components that allow computers to permanently save and access digital information.
Hard disk
A hard disk drive uses magnetic platters and read/write heads to store and retrieve digital data. The platters spin rapidly inside the hard drive and are made of materials with magnetic surfaces to permanently store data in tracks and sectors. Other components include the spindle that spins the platters, an actuator arm that positions the read/write heads, and a circuit board that controls input/output signals and movement of the arm. Common types are PATA, SATA, SCSI, and solid state drives which have no moving parts and use flash memory instead of magnetism.
Types of secondary storage devices ppt
Secondary storage devices are used to store and retrieve data outside of the computer's main memory. They include internal hard drives and removable media like USB drives, CDs, DVDs, and tapes. Secondary storage saves data permanently, allows portability between devices, and comes in various sizes and formats. Common types discussed are fixed internal hard drives using magnetic disks, removable optical disks like CDs and DVDs, magnetic tapes for backups, and floppy disks which were an early portable storage type but have been replaced by higher capacity devices.
Hard disk
The document discusses hard disk drives (HDDs), which are non-volatile storage devices that retain data even without power. It describes HDD components like platters, read/write heads, actuators, and logic boards. It explains how data is stored on HDDs using tracks, sectors, and clusters. It also covers HDD interfaces, controllers, partitioning, file systems, and the read/write process.
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Storing data : Disk Organization and I/O
The document discusses how databases are stored on disks and the implications for database management system design. It describes how disks provide secondary storage that is cheaper than RAM but slower to access. The database management system uses a buffer manager to efficiently read and write pages from disk to memory. It must carefully arrange data on disks and manage buffers in memory to minimize expensive disk I/O operations like disk seeks and rotations.
Magnetic disk
Magnetic disks store data on magnetic platters that are spun by a spindle. A read/write head moves across the platters via an actuator to write data by magnetizing patterns on the surface and read data by detecting the magnetic polarity of patterns. The head, actuator, and ribbon cable connecting the disk to the motherboard work together to allow the disk to write electronic pulses as magnetic patterns and read those patterns as electrical currents.
Operation System
This document discusses the structure and components of disk drives and operating system disk management. It covers topics like disk formatting, logical block addressing, zones and rotational speeds on disks, and different disk scheduling algorithms like FCFS, SSTF, SCAN, C-SCAN, and LOOK. It also summarizes file systems, swap space management, and networking protocols in operating systems.
06 External Memory
The document discusses various types of external memory including magnetic disk, RAID, removable optical disks, and magnetic tape. It provides details on magnetic disk technology including materials, read/write mechanisms, data organization, and disk formatting. It also describes different RAID levels from 0 to 6 and their characteristics. Finally, it covers optical storage technologies like CD-ROM, CD-R, DVD, and compares their capabilities.
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The document discusses various database recovery techniques including log-based recovery, shadow paging recovery, and recovery with concurrent transactions. Log-based recovery uses a log to record transactions and supports either deferred or immediate database modification. Shadow paging maintains a shadow page table to allow recovery to a previous state. Checkpointing improves recovery performance. Recovery for concurrent transactions uses undo and redo lists constructed during the recovery process.
Hard disk PPT
1. A hard disk drive is a data storage device that stores information in 0s and 1s on magnetic platters.
2. It contains platters, read/write heads, and motors that allow it to read and write data to the spinning platters.
3. Hard disk drive capacity is measured in gigabytes or terabytes and depends on the number of platters, tracks, sectors, and bytes per sector.
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Storage devices and media
Fixed hard disks are used for storing operating systems and applications on a computer. They have high access speeds and storage capacities but cannot be removed from the computer. Portable hard disks can store large files and transfer them between computers, but can be easily stolen. Magnetic tapes provide extremely large storage capacities for backups but have slow access speeds. Optical disks like CDs and DVDs are used to distribute software, movies and files but have slower data rates than hard disks. Solid state storage like memory sticks are small, robust and portable but have lower capacity and speeds than hard disks. Backups protect against data loss by making copies of files and storing them separately from the originals.
Consumer electronics seminar
The document discusses various secondary storage devices used in computers. It describes hard disk drives, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, CDs, DVDs, flash drives, and flash memory cards. Hard disk drives are the most common secondary storage device and provide fast access to large amounts of stored data. Magnetic tapes can store extremely large amounts of data but provide slow access. Floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, flash drives, and flash memory cards are portable options that allow transferring and storing data in removable formats.
Storage devices
This document summarizes different types of computer storage devices. It discusses basic units of data storage such as bits, bytes, kilobytes etc. It describes different data access methods for storage devices including random access memory and sequential access memory. The document provides details about various storage devices like magnetic disks, optical disks, solid state drives, USB flash drives and memory cards. It explains technologies like hard disks, floppy disks, zip disks, CDs, DVDs and Blu-ray disks.
Media Storage
This document summarizes different types of computer storage devices. It discusses basic units of data storage such as bits, bytes, kilobytes etc. It describes different data access methods for storage devices including random access memory and sequential access memory. The document provides details about various storage devices like magnetic disks, optical disks, solid state drives, USB flash drives and memory cards. It explains technologies like hard disks, floppy disks, zip disks, CDs, DVDs and Blu-ray disks.
Storege or memory devises
The document discusses the differences between computer memory and storage. Memory, such as RAM, is volatile and temporarily stores active data and programs, while storage, like a hard disk, is non-volatile and retains data even when powered off. Various types of primary storage devices including RAM and ROM are described. Secondary storage devices like hard disks, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, CDs, DVDs, and flash memory are also outlined along with their uses, advantages, and applications.
Storage devices
Storage devices come in various types to suit different needs. Internal memory like ROM, RAM, and hard disks are built into computers, while external devices like floppy disks, zip disks, magnetic tapes, CDs/DVDs, and flash drives can transfer and store data. Larger capacity devices like hard disks, DVDs, and flash drives let users store more data than older options like floppy disks, but may be more expensive or fragile. The appropriate storage device depends on needs like data size, portability, and hardware compatibility.
Secondary storage devices
The document discusses various types of secondary storage devices used in computers. It describes the differences between primary and secondary memory, with secondary memory being non-volatile storage like hard disk drives, solid state drives, optical discs, magnetic tapes, floppy disks, flash drives, and flash memory cards. Each secondary storage device is then explained in 1-2 paragraphs covering their storage capacity, speed, portability, applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Secondary storage devices
Secondary storage devices are used to permanently store files and data when the computer is turned off. Common secondary storage devices include hard disk drives, CDs, DVDs, Blu-Ray discs, floppy disks, zip discs, pen drives, memory cards, and magnetic tapes. Hard disk drives are most often used due to their high storage capacities and fast access times, while tape drives can store large amounts of data compactly but have slower access speeds.
Computer memory
This document discusses different types of computer memory and storage. It defines ROM as permanent memory that cannot be changed and RAM as temporary memory that only works when a computer is turned on. It then explains units of measurement for memory like bytes, kilobytes, megabytes and gigabytes. Finally, it describes various methods of external storage like hard drives, floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, and flash drives, noting their storage capacities and common uses.
Storage devices
Storage devices can be classified as either removable or non-removable. Common removable storage devices include floppy disks, CDs/DVDs, magnetic tapes, memory sticks, flash memory cards and portable hard disks. Non-removable storage includes fixed hard disks which are used to store large amounts of data like operating systems and software. Primary memory is volatile and secondary memory is non-volatile.
1f Backup
Storage devices are used to permanently store data after it is saved from RAM. The main storage devices discussed are magnetic tape, hard disks, floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, and flash memory. Each device has advantages and disadvantages for storage capacity, speed of access, durability, and portability. Backing up data involves making copies that can be used to restore the original data in case of corruption or hardware failure.
Storage_Devices-WPS_Office.pptx
This document discusses various computer storage devices. It begins by defining basic units of storage like bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, etc. It then describes different types of primary storage devices like RAM and ROM as well as secondary storage devices like hard disks, CDs, DVDs, flash memory, and magnetic tapes. Specific storage devices are then discussed in more detail including hard disks, optical discs, magnetic disks, disk caches, and various memory cards. The document concludes by covering other older storage technologies like zip disks and super disks.
Backing storage media
Storage devices are a evolving nowadays, especially because our storage appetites are growing every second. The presentation talks about various types of storage, why it is used, and basically, the advantages and disadvantages of the storage discussed.
storage devices.pdf
This document discusses different types of computer storage devices. It describes primary storage as the internal memory directly accessible by the CPU, like RAM. Secondary storage is external and not directly accessible, like hard drives and USB drives. Tertiary storage involves robotic functions, like tapes. Common storage devices include magnetic devices like hard drives and floppy disks, optical devices like CDs and DVDs, flash memory devices like USB drives and SD cards, and online cloud storage. Characteristics of these devices include volatile memory, read/write capabilities, increasing capacity and accessibility.
Data storage
ROM is permanent, non-volatile memory that contains instructions for booting the operating system and cannot be changed. RAM is temporary, volatile memory that runs programs and works only when the computer is on. Computer memory is measured in bytes, with kilobytes and megabytes denoting increasing sizes, while hard disks provide large internal storage and floppy disks and CDs provide external portable storage.
{Storage Pie}
Diskette drives, tape drives, and hard disk drives are examples of magnetic storage devices that use magnetic material coated surfaces to write and read data. The information stored on disks and tapes can be read many times without affecting the stored data, but writing new data erases the previous data in that location. Optical storage devices like CDs and DVDs use laser light technology to store and retrieve data, with read-only devices that can only be read and rewriteable devices that can write and read, though writing is slower than magnetic storage. Solid-state storage has no mechanical parts and uses flash memory, providing higher data transfer speeds than magnetic devices though with less storage capacity currently.
Memory
The document discusses different types of computer memory. Primary memory, also called main memory, is used by the CPU and stores data and instructions during processing. It is volatile and comes in RAM and ROM varieties. Secondary memory is non-volatile storage like hard disks, which are larger but slower than primary memory. Optical disks like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-rays are also discussed as secondary storage mediums.
secondry storage ahsan warraich
The document provides information about secondary storage. It begins by defining secondary storage as non-volatile, long-term storage used to store programs and data when a computer is switched off. The main types of secondary storage are magnetic storage devices like hard disk drives. Advantages of secondary storage include safety, reliability, permanence, and ability to store huge volumes of data cheaply. Disadvantages are slower speed compared to primary storage. Common secondary storage devices discussed include hard disks, optical discs like CDs and DVDs, USB flash drives, memory cards, and smart cards.
Storage devices
The document discusses various computer storage devices and their characteristics. It describes primary storage RAM and secondary storage devices like hard disk drives. It explains what RAM and ROM are, their differences, and provides examples of different types of storage media like CD-ROMs, DVDs, hard disks, floppy disks, flash memory, and how many bytes and bits are used to store data.
Storage devices
Primary storage refers to memory in a computer system like RAM and ROM. Secondary storage is provided by peripheral devices like hard disks, floppy disks, optical disks, and tape drives to store large amounts of data outside of memory. Secondary storage is required for three reasons: 1) memory contents are volatile and lost when power is disconnected, 2) memory capacity is limited, and 3) memory is more expensive than secondary storage. Common secondary storage devices include floppy disks, hard disks, CDs, DVDs, and tape drives used for backups.
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Presentation of the big external memory
- 1. External Big memory devices Luis Viruez. Raul Corman. Eduardo Añez.
- 2. A hard drive is a storage device that is one of the most important parts of a computer. It is the part of the computer that contains information such as the OS, various programs and user files. The hard disk
- 3. The hard disk Hard drives spin at very high speeds (about 7,200 RPM - revolutions per minute) in a sealed within the computer unit. Hard drives store large amounts of data from 200GB to 1TB is common on desktop computers. Data stored on a hard drive is retained until deleted.
- 4. The hard disk stores ● The Operating System ● Software applications or programs ● The majority of your data files
- 5. External hard disks An external hard disk can be plugged into your computer via a USB port to provide extra storage. They're essentially the same as the hard disk in your computer but due to the casing are usable externally. Advantage High, capacity, eg 1TB or more so they can be used for data backup or large amounts of data between machines move. Disadvantages ● They're often quite large and therefore inconvenient to carry around. ● They have moving parts so are more likely to break, especially if dropped.
- 6. Storage capacity and file size Storage capacities and file sizes are measured from lowest to highest in: ● bits ● bytes ● kilobytes ● megabytes ● gigabytes ● terabytes
- 7. Memory sticks A memory stick is a data storage device and can be used in a similar way to a floppy disk but it is inserted into the USB port - it is then seen by the computer as a removable drive. They typically come in sizes from 512MB to 32GB.
- 8. Advantages ● Memory sticks can hold large quantities of data. ● They are extremely portable, so the user can take them wherever they go. ● They're durable, because they have no moving parts. Disadvantage ● Portable storage devices in general are more likely to be lost, stolen or damaged.
- 9. Memory cards A memory card is a data storage device and can be used in a similar way to a floppy disk but it is inserted into either a memory card reader or a USB converter - it is then seen by the computer as a removable drive. They typically come in sizes from 1 GB to 32 GB upwards.
- 10. Advantages Memory cards can hold large quantities of data. They are extremely portable so the user can take them wherever they go. Digital accessories such as compact cameras and mobile phones are able to read and write to memory cards allowing the user to transport large collections of photographs, songs or information with them. They're durable because they have no moving parts. Disadvantage ● Memory cards, specifically the micro SD card, are the smallest storage devices available. This means they are more likely to be lost, stolen or damaged. ● All computers do not come with memory card readers built in. Users will often be required to purchase a card reader or USB converter to view the data on a card.
- 11. Video of Interior of a hard drive
- 12. ACRONIMS B -- Bit BT -- Byte KB -- Kilobyte MB -- Megabyte GB -- Gigabyte TB -- Terabyte HDD – Hard Disc Drive USB –- Universal Serial Bus RPM – Revolution per Minut
- 13. FINISHING PROFE :) Real G 4 Life