The document discusses stem cell and bone marrow transplantation. It defines stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and adult stem cells. It also defines bone marrow transplantation and describes the different sources of bone marrow stem cells including peripheral blood, bone marrow harvest, and umbilical cord blood. The document outlines the indications for bone marrow stem cell transplantation and the types including autologous and allogeneic transplants. It provides details on the procedures for bone marrow transplantation and post-transplantation care and discusses common side effects.
There are many types of cancer treatment. The types of treatment that patient receive will depend on the type of cancer, stage of cancer and how advanced it is.
Some people with cancer will have only one treatment. But most people have a combination of treatments, such as surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.
There are many types of cancer treatment. The types of treatment that patient receive will depend on the type of cancer, stage of cancer and how advanced it is.
Some people with cancer will have only one treatment. But most people have a combination of treatments, such as surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.
Oncology Nursing:-An oncology nurse is a specialized nurse who cares for cancer patients. These nurses require advanced certifications and clinical experiences in oncology further than the typical baccalaureate nursing program provides. Oncology nursing care can be defined as meeting the various needs of oncology patients during the time of their disease including appropriate screenings and other preventive practices, symptom management, care to retain as much normal functioning as possible, and supportive measures upon the end of life.
What is oncology?
Oncology is the branch of medicine that researches, identifies, and treats cancer. A physician who works in the field of oncology is an oncologist.
Oncologists must first diagnose cancer, which is usually carried out via biopsy, endoscopy, X-ray, CT scanning, MRI, PET scanning, ultrasound, or other radiological methods. Nuclear medicine can also be used to diagnose cancer, as can blood tests or tumor markers. Oncology is often linked with hematology, which is the branch of medicine that deals with blood and blood-related disorders.
Treatment
Once a diagnosis is made, the oncologist discusses the disease stage with the patient. Staging will dictate the treatment of cancer. Chemotherapy — which is defined as the destruction of cancer cells — may be used, as well as radiation therapy. Surgery is used to remove tumors. Hormone therapy is used to treat certain types of cancers, and monoclonal antibody treatments are gaining popularity. Research into cancer vaccines and immunotherapies is ongoing. Palliative care in oncology treats pain and other symptoms of cancer.
Treatment team
Cancer is often treated in a team effort, with at least two or three types of oncologists, including medical, surgical, or radiation. The oncology treatment team may also include a pathologist, a diagnostic radiologist, or an oncology nurse. In the event of a new or a difficult-to-treat case of cancer, the oncology care team may consult a tumor board, made up of various medical experts from all relevant disciplines. The tumor board reviews the case and recommends the best course of cancer treatment for the patient.
Oncology nurse
The oncology nurse has many roles, from helping with cancer screening, detection, and prevention, to the intensive care focus of bone marrow transplantation. Work settings for oncology nurses also vary and include acute care hospitals, ambulatory care clinics, private offices, radiation therapy facilities, and home care agencies. Oncology nurses work with adult and pediatric patients with cancer.
Pediatric Oncology
Pediatric oncology is a medical specialty that focuses on cancer care for children.
The National Cancer Institute estimates that 10,270 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in children in 2017. Of these, 1,190 children will die from the disease.
Pediatric oncology is an important medical field that treats all pediatric cancer types, including acute lymphocytic leukemia,
The term "care transitions" refers to the movement patients make between health care practitioners and settings as their condition and care needs change during the course of a chronic or acute illness.
A stoma is an opening that is created to allow stool or urine to pass out of the body.
INDICATIONS FOR OSTOMY
SITES OF STOMA
SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE STOMA POUCH
STEPS TO CHANGE POUCH
IRRIGATION
COMPLICATIONS
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Nursing management of patients with oncological conditionsANILKUMAR BR
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
Cancer is caused by external factors and internal factors which may act together to initiate or promote carcinogenesis.
External Factors - chemicals, radiation, viruses, and lifestyle.
Internal Factors – hormones, immune condition, and inherited mutations.
Oncology branch of medicine deals with etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cancer.
Onco - is a Greek word meaning tumor .
Includes exercises that has to be followed by women after post mastectomy. This will make their condition better and increase the body movements easily. Exercise are under in 3 sections based on the duration after surgery.
Oncology Nursing:-An oncology nurse is a specialized nurse who cares for cancer patients. These nurses require advanced certifications and clinical experiences in oncology further than the typical baccalaureate nursing program provides. Oncology nursing care can be defined as meeting the various needs of oncology patients during the time of their disease including appropriate screenings and other preventive practices, symptom management, care to retain as much normal functioning as possible, and supportive measures upon the end of life.
What is oncology?
Oncology is the branch of medicine that researches, identifies, and treats cancer. A physician who works in the field of oncology is an oncologist.
Oncologists must first diagnose cancer, which is usually carried out via biopsy, endoscopy, X-ray, CT scanning, MRI, PET scanning, ultrasound, or other radiological methods. Nuclear medicine can also be used to diagnose cancer, as can blood tests or tumor markers. Oncology is often linked with hematology, which is the branch of medicine that deals with blood and blood-related disorders.
Treatment
Once a diagnosis is made, the oncologist discusses the disease stage with the patient. Staging will dictate the treatment of cancer. Chemotherapy — which is defined as the destruction of cancer cells — may be used, as well as radiation therapy. Surgery is used to remove tumors. Hormone therapy is used to treat certain types of cancers, and monoclonal antibody treatments are gaining popularity. Research into cancer vaccines and immunotherapies is ongoing. Palliative care in oncology treats pain and other symptoms of cancer.
Treatment team
Cancer is often treated in a team effort, with at least two or three types of oncologists, including medical, surgical, or radiation. The oncology treatment team may also include a pathologist, a diagnostic radiologist, or an oncology nurse. In the event of a new or a difficult-to-treat case of cancer, the oncology care team may consult a tumor board, made up of various medical experts from all relevant disciplines. The tumor board reviews the case and recommends the best course of cancer treatment for the patient.
Oncology nurse
The oncology nurse has many roles, from helping with cancer screening, detection, and prevention, to the intensive care focus of bone marrow transplantation. Work settings for oncology nurses also vary and include acute care hospitals, ambulatory care clinics, private offices, radiation therapy facilities, and home care agencies. Oncology nurses work with adult and pediatric patients with cancer.
Pediatric Oncology
Pediatric oncology is a medical specialty that focuses on cancer care for children.
The National Cancer Institute estimates that 10,270 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in children in 2017. Of these, 1,190 children will die from the disease.
Pediatric oncology is an important medical field that treats all pediatric cancer types, including acute lymphocytic leukemia,
The term "care transitions" refers to the movement patients make between health care practitioners and settings as their condition and care needs change during the course of a chronic or acute illness.
A stoma is an opening that is created to allow stool or urine to pass out of the body.
INDICATIONS FOR OSTOMY
SITES OF STOMA
SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE STOMA POUCH
STEPS TO CHANGE POUCH
IRRIGATION
COMPLICATIONS
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Nursing management of patients with oncological conditionsANILKUMAR BR
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
Cancer is caused by external factors and internal factors which may act together to initiate or promote carcinogenesis.
External Factors - chemicals, radiation, viruses, and lifestyle.
Internal Factors – hormones, immune condition, and inherited mutations.
Oncology branch of medicine deals with etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cancer.
Onco - is a Greek word meaning tumor .
Includes exercises that has to be followed by women after post mastectomy. This will make their condition better and increase the body movements easily. Exercise are under in 3 sections based on the duration after surgery.
What to know before getting stem cellsMegan Hughes
Dr. Hughes discusses what you should know before getting stem cells, which stem cells are best for specific problems, and what to expect after the procedure.
A bone marrow transplant (BMT) is a specialised medical procedure for people with certain cancers or other illnesses. Bone marrow transplantation is a procedure in which the donor’s stem cells are removed from the bone marrow, purified, and either given to another person or returned to the donor (patient). After treating the patient’s sick bone marrow to destroy the aberrant cells, BMT aims to transfuse healthy bone marrow cells into the recipient.
A bone marrow transplantation is an operation performed to supplant bone marrow that has
been harmed or obliterated by illness, contamination or chemotherapy. This methodology
includes relocating the blood stem cells which travel deep down the marrow wherein they
produce fresh blood cells and advance the development of a new marrow.
Bone marrow is important for the body as it creates red blood cells, white blood cells
and platelets.
A bone marrow transplant helps in replacing your harmed stem cells with the healthy cells.
This aides your body to make sufficient white blood cells and platelets helping you to stay
away from diseases, draining issues or anaemia.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
3. • SUBMITTED TO
• MR.P.YONATANSIR
• ASSOCIATE PROFESSER
SUBMITTED BY
MRS HEENA MEHTA
S.Y.M.SC NURSING
4. LESSION PLAN
• Title of the course: S.Y. M.SC NURSING
• Topic: Stem cell and bone marrow transplantation
• Date-08-09-2012 Place: 3RD YEAR B.SC NURSING
CLASSROOM
• Class hours: 1 HOURS
• No of students: OF 3RD YEAR B.SC.NURSING
STUDENT
• Language: LACTURE BY ENGLISH
• Teaching Methods: LACTURE CUM DISCUSSION
6. Function of human cell
• The cell is responsible for all of the functions of
metabolism that support the body.
• . Blood cells transport oxygen, GLUCOSE, and other
NUTRIENTS throughout the body and collect
molecules of metabolic waste that cells in the liver
and KIDNEYS dismantle, recycle, or eliminate from
the body.
7. • NERVE cells conduct electrical
impulses. MUSCLE cells contract the HEART and
move the body.
• Other cells make hormones, absorb nutrients,
fight INFECTION, and so on.
• Regardless of their specializations, however, the
primary activity of all cells is the synthesis of the
enzymes and proteins that carry out the
biochemical tasks of living
8. what is stem cell
• Stem cells are biological
cells found in all
multicellular organisms,
• It can divide (through mitosis)
and differentiate into diverse
specialized cell types and can
self-renew to produce more
stem cells.
9. • In mammals, there are two broad
types of stem cells:
• embryonic stem cells, which are
isolated from the inner cell
mass of blastocysts, and adult
stem cells, which are found in
various tissues.
11. Adult stem cell
Adult stem cells, like all
stem cells, share at least
two characteristics. First,
they can make identical
copies of themselves for
long periods of time; this
ability to proliferate is
referred to as long-term
self-renewal. Second, they
can give rise to mature
cell types that have
characteristic
morphologies (shapes)
and specialized functions.
12.
13. what is bone marrow transplantation
• Bone marrow transplantation
(BMT), also called hematopoietic
stem cell transplant or
hematopoietic cell transplant, is
a type of treatment for cancer.
14.
15. sources of bone marrow stem
cell
• Different source of bone marrow
stem cell
1)Peripheral blood stem cells (
PBSCs)-
2)Bone Marrow Harvest
3)Umbilical Cord Blood Stem cell
16. Peripheral blood stem cells ( PBSCs)-
• PBSCs are collected by an Aphresis .
• A process in which the donor is connected to a
special cell separation machine via a needle
inserted in the vein. Blood is taken from the vein
and circulate though the machine which removes
the stem cells and return s the remaining blood
and plasma back to the donor though another
needle inserted into the opposite arm.
17.
18. Bone Marrow Harvest
• Bone marrowHarvesting
involves collecting stem cell
with a Needle placed into the
soft cencer of the bone, the
marrow. Mosst sites used for
bone marrow harvesting are
located in the hip and the
sternum.
19.
20.
21. Umbilical Cord Blood
• Stem cell are filtered from
blood in the umbelical
cord after a baby is born
22.
23. Indication for bone marrow stem cell
transplantation
• multiple myeloma or leukemia
• severe combined
immunodeficiency or congenital
neutropenia with defective stem cells
• children or adults with aplastic
anemia
24. • sickle-cell disease,
• myelodysplastic syndrome,
• neuroblastoma,
• lymphoma,
• Ewing's Sarcoma,(malignant small, round, blue cell
tumour. It is a rare disease in which cancer cells are
found in the bone or in soft tissue)
• chronic granulomatous disease and Hodgkin's
disease.
25. types of bone marrow stem cell
• There are two main types of
bone marrow transplantation:
• autologous and
• allogeneic
26. Autologous transplant
• — In autologous transplantation
• your own hematopoietic stem cells are
removed before the high dose
chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
• and are then frozen for storage and
later use.
• After chemotherapy or radiation is
complete, the harvested cells are
thawed and returned to patient.
27.
28. Allogeneic
• In allogeneic transplantation,
• the hematopoietic stem cells come from a donor,
ideally a brother or sister with a similar genetic
makeup. If you do not have a suitably matched
sibling, an unrelated person with a similar genetic
makeup may be used. Under some circumstances,
a parent or child who is only half-matched can also
be used;
•
29.
30. Myeloablative transplant
• myeloablative transplant uses
very high doses of
chemotherapy or radiation
prior to transplantation with
autologous or allogeneic
hematopoietic stem cells.
31.
32. Non-myeloablative transplant
• A non-myeloablative transplant, sometimes
referred to as a "mini" or reduced intensity
transplant.
• Allows to have less intensive chemotherapy
before transplantation with allogeneic
hematopoietic stem cells.
• This approach may be recommended for a
variety of reasons including age, type of
disease, other medical issues, or prior
therapies.
33.
34. PRE-BONE MARROW
TRANSPLANTATION PROCEDURES
• Bone marrow transplantation regimens
vary from one patient to another, and
• depend upon the type of cancer,
• the treatment program used by the
medical center,
• the clinical trial protocol (if the patient
is enrolled in a clinical trial), as well as
other factors.
35. BMT procedure
• The bone marrow harvest is the same for
autologous and allogeneic transplants.
• Harvesting is done under general
anesthesia .
• Bone marrow is drawn from the iliac crest
with a special needle and a syringe.
36. • Several punctures are usually necessary
to collect the needed amount of bone
marrow, approximately 1–2 quarts.
• (This amount is only a small percentage
of the total bone marrow and is typically
replaced within four weeks.)
• The donor remains at the hospital for 24–
48 hours and can resume normal
activities within a few days
37. • If the bone marrow is meant for an
autologous transplant. it is stored at -
112–-320°F (-80–-196°C) until it is
needed.
• If a patient's own bone marrow can be
used for transplantation peripheral stem
cells may be harvested from the patient's
circulating blood.
38. • The bone marrow or peripheral stem
cells are administered to the
recipient via a catheter inserted into
a large vein in the chest.
• The donor cells look like a bag of
blood and are infused for about 20–
30 minutes.
• During the infusion, the patient's
blood pressure, pulse, and breathing
are monitored.
39. POST-BONE MARROW
TRANSPLANTATION CARE
• A two- to four-week waiting period follows the
marrow transplant before its success can begin to
be judged.
• The marrow recipient is kept in isolation during
this time to minimize potential infections.
• The recipient also receives intravenous antibiotic,
antiviral, and antifungal medications, as well as
blood and platelet transfusions to help fight off
infection and prevent excessive bleeding.
• Blood tests are performed
40. • daily to monitor the patient's kidney
and liver function, as well as
nutritional status.
• Other tests are performed as
necessary.
• Further side effects, such as nausea
and vomiting, can be treated with
other medications.
41. side effect of the bone marrow stem
cell transplantation
• The high-dose chemotherapy
and total body irradiation
required for bone marrow
transplantation can have
serious side effects
42. Some of the most common side effects include:
• Mucositis (mouth sores) and diarrhea
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of hair
• Infertility
• Organ toxicity
• Secondary cancers
• Graft versus host disease
• Graft failure
• Risk of death
