Gene cloning has had a major impact on medicine by enabling the production of genetically identical cells and organisms. It allows scientists to study gene function and create customized tissues to replace diseased organs. Challenges include low success rates and health issues in cloned animals. While therapeutic cloning shows promise for regenerative medicine, reproductive cloning raises ethical concerns about identity, sanctity of life, and exploitation. Further research aims to advance precision medicine through personalized treatments.
cell cloning- Therapeutic and reproductive cloningAlisha Shaikh
Cloning is a process where genetically identical types of cells, tissues or organism is being produced. There are two types of cloning- Reproductive and therapeutic cloning.
This slide explains the various basic aspect of animal cell culture, cell line and cell strain, initiation and maintenance of primary cell culture, characteristic of primary cell culture and their applications. It also contains MCQs for practice.
What to know before getting stem cellsMegan Hughes
Dr. Hughes discusses what you should know before getting stem cells, which stem cells are best for specific problems, and what to expect after the procedure.
cell cloning- Therapeutic and reproductive cloningAlisha Shaikh
Cloning is a process where genetically identical types of cells, tissues or organism is being produced. There are two types of cloning- Reproductive and therapeutic cloning.
This slide explains the various basic aspect of animal cell culture, cell line and cell strain, initiation and maintenance of primary cell culture, characteristic of primary cell culture and their applications. It also contains MCQs for practice.
What to know before getting stem cellsMegan Hughes
Dr. Hughes discusses what you should know before getting stem cells, which stem cells are best for specific problems, and what to expect after the procedure.
This presentation deals with stem cell therapy & new avenues in stem cell therapy. It also discusses latest advances such as treatment against baldness, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, spinal cord injury, demyelinating diseases, deafness, eye, Parkinson's disease. Also discusses about umbilical cord stem cells and finally clinical trials without patients (organs on chips).
This is my short presentation in one of my university classes. It's obvious that the future of the stem cell biology is tightly engaged with organoids and they will absolutely change the way science is going to.
Kind regards
Shahin Ahmadian
Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering: past, present and futureAna Rita Ramos
Tissue engineering brings together the principles of the life sciences and medicine with engineering. New biomaterials; advances in genomics and proteomics and increased understanding of healing processes contributed to the increase of this area over the past decade.
Stem cell biology is paving the way for the generation of unlimited cells of specific phenotypes for incorporation
into engineered tissue constructs.
Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially.
It is the process of taking genetic information from one living thing and creating identical copies of it. The copied material is called a clone.
Nature has been doing it for millions of years. For example, identical twins have almost identical DNA, and asexual reproduction in some plants and organisms can produce genetically identical offspring.
Cloning in biotechnology refers to the process of creating clones of organisms or copies of cells or DNA fragments (molecular cloning).
I have uploaded the complete document, with all the pages including the cover page, the acknowledgement, certificate and contents along with the Project content. Just download it and modify it and your project is ready, if that is all you have wanted. Otherwise use it as a reference for your project. "!!! IF YOU FIND IT WORTHY AT ALL, THEN GIVE ME A LIKE !!!" - It will motivate me to upload more such documents. -THANK YOU
This presentation deals with stem cell therapy & new avenues in stem cell therapy. It also discusses latest advances such as treatment against baldness, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, spinal cord injury, demyelinating diseases, deafness, eye, Parkinson's disease. Also discusses about umbilical cord stem cells and finally clinical trials without patients (organs on chips).
This is my short presentation in one of my university classes. It's obvious that the future of the stem cell biology is tightly engaged with organoids and they will absolutely change the way science is going to.
Kind regards
Shahin Ahmadian
Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering: past, present and futureAna Rita Ramos
Tissue engineering brings together the principles of the life sciences and medicine with engineering. New biomaterials; advances in genomics and proteomics and increased understanding of healing processes contributed to the increase of this area over the past decade.
Stem cell biology is paving the way for the generation of unlimited cells of specific phenotypes for incorporation
into engineered tissue constructs.
Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially.
It is the process of taking genetic information from one living thing and creating identical copies of it. The copied material is called a clone.
Nature has been doing it for millions of years. For example, identical twins have almost identical DNA, and asexual reproduction in some plants and organisms can produce genetically identical offspring.
Cloning in biotechnology refers to the process of creating clones of organisms or copies of cells or DNA fragments (molecular cloning).
I have uploaded the complete document, with all the pages including the cover page, the acknowledgement, certificate and contents along with the Project content. Just download it and modify it and your project is ready, if that is all you have wanted. Otherwise use it as a reference for your project. "!!! IF YOU FIND IT WORTHY AT ALL, THEN GIVE ME A LIKE !!!" - It will motivate me to upload more such documents. -THANK YOU
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
2. GROUP
MEMEBERS
• Kulsoom Ghafar
• Zartash Rani
• Faryal muneer
• Zaheen Amir
• Muhammad Behram
• Mesum Raza
• Mahahil Fatima
• Nida Zafar
•
3. Introduction to
cloning
• Cloning is the process of
generating a genetically identical
copy of a cell or an organism
• There are three different types of
artificial cloning:
• Gene cloning
• Reproductive cloning
• Therapeutic cloning
•
4. GENE CLONING
• Gene cloning: This process
produces copies of genes or
segments of DNA
• It involves the replication of
specific DNA sequences, which
can be used for various purposes,
such as studying gene function or
creating genetic modifications
5. REPRODUCTIVE
CLONING
• Reproductive cloning: This type
of cloning produces copies of
whole animals
• It involves the deliberate
production of genetically
identical individuals, such as
monozygotic (identical) twins,
which occur naturally in humans
and other mammals
Reproductive cloning can also be
achieved through techniques like
somatic cell nuclear transfer
(SCNT), which involves removing
the chromosomes from an egg
and replacing them with a
nucleus taken from a somatic cell
of the individual or an organism.
6. THERAPEUTIC
COLONING
• This process produces embryonic stem cells
for experiments aimed at creating tissues to
replace injured or diseased tissues in the
body. Therapeutic cloning can potentially be
used for treating various medical conditions,
such as diabetes or Parkinson’s disease, by
generating cells or tissues that are genetically
compatible with the patient
7. METHODS OF
CLONING
• Isolation of Somatic Cell:** A somatic cell, like a skin
cell, is taken from the organism to be cloned.
• Egg Cell Preparation:** An egg cell’s nucleus is
removed, leaving an empty egg.
• Nucleus Transfer:** The nucleus from the somatic
cell is inserted into the egg cell, which now contains
the genetic material from the donor.
• Stimulation:** Electric or chemical stimulation
prompts the reconstructed egg to start dividing and
behaving like a fertilized egg.
• Implantation or Development:** The egg can be
implanted into a surrogate mother or cultured in a
lab to develop into an embryo with the same genetic
makeup as the donor
8. Induced stem cells(iPSCs)
• iPSCs and Regenerative Medicine:**
iPSCs are reprogrammed adult cells
with the potential to differentiate
into various cell types. In the context
of cloning, they can serve as a
valuable tool for generating specific
tissues or organs.
• Tissue/Organ Generation:** iPSCs
can be manipulated in the lab to
differentiate into specific cell types.
This process offers the possibility of
creating tissues or organs tailored to
a patient’s genetic makeup, reducing
the risk of rejection after
transplantation.
9. CON..
• Personalized Medicine:** By utilizing iPSCs derived from an individual’s own
cells, scientists can explore disease mechanisms, screen drugs, and potentially
develop personalized therapies.
• So, while iPSCs aren’t directly used in cloning a whole organism, they play a
crucial role in advancing regenerative medicine, potentially allowing for the
creation of tissues or organs that closely match an individual’s genetic profile,
thereby revolutionizing treatment options
10. CLONING IN
REPRODUCTIVE
MEDICINES
Somatic Cell Nuclear
Transfer (SCNT):**
This process begins by
taking a somatic cell (a
non-reproductive cell,
like a skin cell) from
the donor organism
intended for cloning.
Egg Cell
Manipulation:** An egg
cell is taken from
another donor
organism and its
nucleus is removed,
leaving an empty egg.
Nucleus Transfer:**
The nucleus from the
somatic cell is inserted
into the emptied egg
cell, creating a
reconstructed egg
containing the genetic
material of the donor.
Stimulation and
Development:**
Through stimulation,
the reconstructed egg
begins dividing and
developing, resembling
the early stages of an
embryo.
11. CON..
Reproductive cloning has been performed in various animals but has ethical,
technical, and efficiency challenges, limiting its widespread use in humans.
However, it remains an area of research with potential applications in preserving
endangered species, agricultural improvements, and understanding genetic
diseases.
Implantation or Culturing:** The resulting embryo can either be implanted into a
surrogate mother for further development or cultured in a lab setting.
12. STEM CELLS
AND
CLONING
Cloning can be used to produce pluripotent stem cells,
which have the potential to differentiate into any type of cell
in the body. These cells can be used in medicine for
regenerative therapies, such as replacing damaged or
diseased tissues. Additionally, stem cells can be used to
study diseases and develop new treatments.
Stem cells are special cells that have the ability to develop
into different types of cells in the body. They can divide and
renew themselves for long periods of time, and can
differentiate into specialized cells such as muscle cells,
nerve cells, and blood cells. Stem cells are important for
the development and repair of tissues and organs in the
body
13. CON..
• Stem cells have a wide range of potential applications in medicine, including treating
diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and diabetes. They can also be used to repair
damaged tissues and organs, and to develop new drugs and therapies. Stem cells have
the ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types, making them a valuable tool for
medical research and treatment
14. MEDICAL ADVANCES
THROUGH CLONING
• Treatment of Genetic Disorders: Cloning could
potentially help in treating genetic disorders by
creating healthy copies of genes or cells to
replace the faulty ones. This approach could offer
a more targeted and personalized treatment for
individuals with genetic conditions.
• Advancement in Regenerative Medicine: Cloning
may also play a role in regenerative medicine,
where it could be used to generate specific cells,
tissues, or even organs for transplantation. This
could help overcome the shortage of donor
organs and improve the success rates of
transplants.
15. CHALLENGES AND ETHICAL
CONSIDERATION
• Challenges:
• Low Success Rates:** Cloning techniques, especially Somatic
Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT), often have low success rates,
leading to inefficiency and ethical concerns due to the number
of failed attempts.
• Health and Genetic Issues:** Cloned animals often face health
problems and genetic abnormalities, such as premature aging,
organ malformation, or immune system deficiencies.
16. CON..
• Ethical Concerns in Reproductive Cloning:** Reproductive cloning raises ethical dilemmas,
including questions about the sanctity of life, identity of the cloned individual, and the welfare
of the cloned organisms.
• Technological and Research Limitations:** Cloning techniques require precise methodologies,
sophisticated technology, and extensive research, posing challenges in their practical
application and scaling.
17. ETHICAL
CONSIDERATION
• Dignity and Identity:** Cloning challenges the unique
identity and dignity of an individual, raising
philosophical and moral concerns about the
uniqueness of each person.
• Sanctity of Life:** Ethical debates question whether
manipulating embryos or creating life artificially
violates the sanctity of life and ethical boundaries.
18. CON..
• Exploitation and Commercialization:** Concerns
exist about potential exploitation of cloning
technologies for commercial purposes, such as
cloning animals for profit or using human cloning for
unethical motives.
• Social and Psychological Impact:** Cloning might
have profound social and psychological impacts on
individuals, families, and society, raising concerns
about societal acceptance, discrimination, and
psychological well-being.
19. FUTURE
PROSPECTUS
AND
RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
• Organ Regeneration:** Advancements may lead to
the creation of patient-specific organs and tissues,
reducing transplant rejection risks and organ
shortage issues.
• Precision Medicine:** Cloning could pave the way for
personalized treatments, using a patient’s own cells
to develop tailored therapies for various conditions.
• Disease Modeling:** Further research might allow
for more accurate animal models of human diseases,
aiding in understanding and developing treatments
for complex illnesses.
20. CON..
• Drug Testing:** Cloning could refine drug testing
processes by providing more consistent and reliable
models for assessing drug efficacy and toxicity.
• Enhanced Reproductive Technologies:** Continued
research might lead to improvements in infertility
treatments, addressing reproductive challenges for
individuals and couples.