Three hinged arches – Concepts, types of arches, analysis of parabolic arch with supports at same levels, determination of
horizontal thrust, radial shear and normal thrust for parabolic arch
it contains the basic information about the shear force diagram which is the part of the Mechanics of solid. there many numerical solved and whivh will give you detaild idea in S.f.d.
Three hinged arches – Concepts, types of arches, analysis of parabolic arch with supports at same levels, determination of
horizontal thrust, radial shear and normal thrust for parabolic arch
it contains the basic information about the shear force diagram which is the part of the Mechanics of solid. there many numerical solved and whivh will give you detaild idea in S.f.d.
STRESS ANALYSIS OF TRACTOR’S FRONT-END BUCKET USING MOHR'S CIRCLEWahid Dino Samo
To better understand the stress state for a new tractor, a structural analysis computer program was used to determine stresses in the tractor's front-end bucket. For the location shown, it was determined that the stresses are σx = 30 psi, σy = 10 psi, and τxy = 20 psi
Using Mohr's circle, what is
1) the principal direction and principal normal stresses
2) maximum shear direction and the maximum shearing stress.
APPROACH:
Construct the basic Mohr's circle for the given stress state.
Determine the principal direction from the Mohr's circle diagram, and then the principal stresses.
Find the maximum shear stress direction from the Mohr's circle diagram.
Advanced mathematical analysis of chassis integrated platform designed for un...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work deals with advanced mathematical stress analysis of a platform integrated structure mounted on vehicle chassis designed for unconventional type of loading pattern. The perceptible loading cases in the present analysis comprise static load and its effect on the platform/structure by usage of simple shear force & bending moment diagrams. Deflection analysis using conventional Macaulay’s method invokes the structures suitability for the transportation. Present analysis accentuates on the design stage aspects of the platform as this research is a step in proposed doctoral study. A different type of combination of longitudinal and cross members in platform/frame design is formulated. Present design is anticipated after analysis of all possible combinations& orientations of longitudinal and cross members. Determination of section properties of longitudinal and cross members of the platform & deduction of elementary stress based on the unconventional load pattern are the fundamental steps in design and analysis of structure. Peculiarity of this analysis is the usage of combined section modulus of three members for computation of stress. Present research provides a tool that can be used prior to computer aided design and finite element analysis.
Gantry girder
Gantry girder or crane girder hand operated or electrically operated overhead cranes in industrial building such as factories, workshops, steel works, etc. to lift heavy materials, equipment etc. and carry them from one location to other , within the building
The GANTRY GIRDER spans between brackets attached to columns, which may either be of steel or reinforced concrete. Thus the span of gantry girder is equal to centre to centre spacing of columns. The rails are mounted on gantry girders.
Loads acting on gantry girder
Gantry girder, having no lateral support in its length (laterally unsupported) has to withstand the following loads:
1. Vertical loads from crane :
Self weight of crane girder
Hook load
Weight of crab (trolley)
2. Impact load from crane :
As the load is lifted using the crane hook and moved from one place to another, and released at the required place, an impact is felt on the gantry girder.
3. Longitudinal horizontal force (Drag force) :
This is caused due to the starting and stopping of the crane girder moving over the crane rails, as the crane girder moves longitudinally, i.e. in the direction of gantry girder.
This force is also known as braking force, or drag force.
This force is taken equal to 5% of the static wheel loads for EOT or hand operated cranes.
4. Lateral load (Surge load) :
Lateral forces are caused due to sudden starting or stopping of the crab when moving over the crane girder.
Lateral forces are also caused when the crane is dragging weights across the' floor of the shop.
Types of gantry girders
Depending upon the span and crane capacity, there can be many forms of gantry girders. Some commonly used forms are shows in fig .
Rolled steel beams with or without plates, channels or angles are normally used for spans up to 8m and for cranes up to 50kN capacity.
Plate girder are suitable up to span 6 to 10 m.
Plate girder with channels, angles, etc. can be used for spans more than 10m
Box girder are used foe spans more than 12m.
Analysis and design of embedded pipes: pipelines, vertical hollow piles.Soil-structure reactions for applied displacements of horizontally embedded systems at serviceability and ultimate limit states.
The design of a Buried Steel Pipeline with straight pressure under a road, within a ditch trench. Checking the ULS & SLS conditions both in the plane of the pipeline section & in the vertical plane along pipeline axis.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
5. INTODUCTION
5 MECHANICS OF MATERIAL-II
A beam is the structural element that primarily resists load
applied literally to the beam axis. Its mode of deflection is
primarily by bending. The load applied to the beam results in
the reaction forces at the beam support points.
6. OBJECTIVES
6 MECHANICS OF MATERIAL-II
The main objective is to find;
Different stresses under complete
analytical calculations.
To find the deflection and slope in a
beam.
Normal and shear stress distributions
wherever applicable.
7. MECHANICS OF MATERIAL-II
7
ASSUMPTIONS
oAll the beams are simply supported beams.
oAll the loads above the first floor are
directly transmitted to ground via columns.
oAll the active loads (student loads) are per
day based.
oTreating the entire beam as a rigid body,
determine the reaction forces.
8. MECHANICS OF MATERIAL-II
8
DIMENSIONS
Length of beam=19×11=209 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
Thickness of beam=15 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
Height of beam=20 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
Volume of beam=(209×15×20) 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ3
=62700 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ3
Mass of beam calculated=(0.084
lb
𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ3 × 62700 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ3)=5266.8 lbm.
Weight of beam calculated=(5266.8×32.2)=169590.96 lbf
9. MECHANICS OF MATERIAL-II
9
DIMENSIONS
Total 800 students which are to be assumed on the
corridor and 50% passing through the corridor each day
i.e. 400
Average mass of student=60 kg=132.27 lbm
Mass of 400 students=52910.9 lbm
Weight of 400 students=1703732.24 lbf
Total beams in the corridor=10
Length of corridor=L=66×33=2178 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
10. MECHANICS OF MATERIAL-II
10
DIMENSIONS
Total weight on each beam=(weight of 400 students + weight
of roof + weight of tank and machine)
=(170970.98+11022442.852+452861.022)
=1317903.38 lbf
Weight of a beam=169590.96 lbf
Concentrated load on beam=131903.38 lbf
Total distributed load of beam=
131903.38
209
= 6305.75 𝑙𝑏𝑓
𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
19. 19
This is the cross-section of the beam;
As seen in the cross-section the beam is made up of
concrete and three steel rods of diameter 5/8 inch.
Concrete beams subjected to bending moments are reinforced by steel rods.
The steel rods carry the entire tensile load below the neutral surface. The
upper part of the concrete beam carries the compressive load. In the
transformed section, the cross sectional area of the steel, As, is replaced by
the equivalent area n As where
n = Es/Ec
20. MECHANICS OF MATERIAL-II
20
Diameter of rod=5/8 inch
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel=29x106
psi
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete=3.6x106
psi
n = Es/Ec
n=29×106
3.6×106=8.06
Area of rod=
𝜋
4
(
5
8
)2=0.3068 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ2
No. of rod=3
Total Area=3x0.3068 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ2=0.9204 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ2
nAs=8.06x0.9204=7.418 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ2
First moment of Area about neutral axis;
(bx)x/2 – n.As(d-x) = 0
(15)𝑥2/2 – 7.418(18-x) = 0
so, x=3.75, x=-4.79(neglect)
And , I=𝑏𝑥3/3+n.As(d-x) = 0 => I=1769.99 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ4
22. MECHANICS OF MATERIAL-II
22
Then from the table(Appendix-D);
For Simply Supported Beam:
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
−5𝑤𝐿4
384𝐸𝐼
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
−5(6305.75)(209)4
(384)(3.6 × 106)(1769.99)
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = −24.58 inch
% error=
29..62−24.58
29.62
× 100 = 17%
𝜃𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
−𝑤𝐿3
244𝐸𝐼
=
−(6305.75)(209)3
24 × (3.6 × 106)(1769.99)
𝜃𝑚𝑎𝑥 =-0.376
23. 23
Now to calculate the respective stresses in concrete
(compressive) and in steel rods (tensile)
𝜎𝑐 = −𝑀𝑐/𝐼
𝑐 = 𝑥 = 3.75
𝜎𝑐 = − 43291396.05 x3.75/1769.99
𝜎𝑐 = −91.719 𝑘𝑠𝑖(𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)
And,
𝜎𝑠 = 𝑛𝑀𝑐/𝐼
𝑐 = (𝑑 − 𝑥) = (18 − 3.75) = 14.25 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 = 8.06
𝜎𝑠 = 8.06x 43291396.05 x14.25/1769.99
𝜎𝑠 = 2809.187 𝑘𝑠𝑖(𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒)
MECHANICS OF MATERIAL-II
MECHANICS OF MATERIAL-I
24. MECHANICS OF MATERIAL-II
24
% error=
0.449−0.376
0.449
× 100 = 16.25%
As Area under shear force diagram give moment So, moment maximum from
bending moment diagram.
𝑀 = 43291396.05 𝑙𝑏. 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
As, 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 0, 𝜎𝑠 = 2809.187 𝑘𝑠𝑖 and 𝜎𝑐 = −91.719 𝑘𝑠𝑖
The principal stresses 𝜎𝑎 and 𝜎𝑏 are;
𝜎𝑠= 𝜎𝑎 = 2809.187 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜎𝑐= 𝜎𝑏 = −91.719 𝑘𝑠𝑖
then for factor of safety we use Torsional criterial for brittle material.
𝜎𝑠
𝜎𝑈𝑇
=
𝜎𝑐
𝜎𝑈𝐶
= 𝐹. 𝑆
2809
58
−
−91
6.0
= 𝐹. 𝑆
𝐹. 𝑆 = 62 > 1
Ultimate Tensile Stress for steel = 𝜎𝑈𝑇=58 ksi
Ultimate Tensile Stress for concrete = 𝜎𝑈𝑇=6.0 ksi
25. MECHANICS OF MATERIAL-II
25
CONCLUSION
From the above calculations it is concluded that the loads acting on
the corridor per day are within the allowable compressive and tensile
strength so the building is safe for the future unless any problems like
Earthquake acted on the beam.