The document describes the formation of sentences in the present simple tense in English. It covers the positive, negative, and question forms. For the positive, the base verb form is used except for the third person singular which adds 's'. The negative uses 'do/does not' except for the verb 'be' and modal verbs. Questions also use 'do/does' except for 'be' and modal verbs, and the verb remains in base form. Exceptions for verbs ending in consonant-y and vowel-y are also outlined.

1. PRESENT SIMPLE - FORM
POSITIVE
We make the present simple with a subject and the present form of the verb.
All forms are the same EXCEPT the 3rd person singular where we add ‘s’:
Eat Talk Sleep Like Look
I eat talk sleep like look
You eat talk sleep like look
S/he/it eats talks sleeps likes looks
We eat talk sleep like look
You eat talk sleep like look
They eat talk sleep like look
Remember the 3rd person can be someone, a relation, an object, etc.
Andres eats pizza every day.
My father talks to my brother all the time.
That bird really likes worms.
Some verbs use ‘es’ in the 3rd person. They are the verbs that end ‘o’, ‘ch’,
‘sh’, ‘s’ and ‘x’:
Do Go Watch Wish Kiss
I do go watch wish kiss
You do go watch wish kiss
S/he/it does goes watches wishes kisses
We do go watch wish kiss
You do go watch wish kiss
They do go watch wish kiss
The verb ‘have’ changes to ‘has’ in the 3rd person:
He has 4 brothers and 2 sisters. So he has 6 siblings.

2. Verbs that end in ‘y’ have 2 rules:
1. If the letter before the ‘y’ is a VOWEL, you add ‘s’.
For example: ‘stay’ has the vowel ‘a’ before the ‘y’ (stay) = ‘stays’.
2. If the letter before the ‘y’ is a CONSONANT, you remove the ‘y’ and
add ‘ies’.
For example: ‘fly’ has the consonant ‘l’ before the ‘y’ (fly) = ‘flies’.
Stay Play Fly Worry
I stay play fly worry
You stay play fly worry
S/he/it stays plays flies worries
We stay play fly worry
You stay play fly worry
They stay play fly worry
Modal verbs (verbs like: can, could, might, may, should) do not change for 3rd
person singular.
Can Might Could
I can might could
You can might could
S/he/it can might could
We can might could
You can might could
They can might could
Remember modal verbs are used with other verbs. The other verb does not
change in the 3rd person either:
He can speak English
She could go to the cinema

3. NEGATIVE
The verb ‘be’ uses ‘not’ when making negatives but all other verbs (apart
from modal verbs) need the auxiliary verb ‘do’ in the negative = do not/does
not
We use ‘do not’ with I, you, we and they. We can contract to ‘don’t’
We use ‘does not’ with he, she and it. We can contract to ‘doesn’t’
IMPORTANT: the auxiliary verb gives us the information about the 3rd person
(‘doesn’t’) therefore the main verb goes back to the base form. In English it
is not possible to have 2 verbs giving the same information.
‘Work’ ‘Enjoy’ (contracted forms)
I do not work I don’t enjoy
You do not work You don’t enjoy
S/he/it does not work S/he/it doesn’t enjoy
We do not work We don’t enjoy
You do not work You don’t enjoy
They do not work They don’t enjoy
She does not work for that company anymore.
He doesn’t enjoy playing football.
Remember this applies even when the verb changes from ‘ies’, for example
with the verb ‘fly’
He flies airplanes
He doesn’t fly airplanes
The exception (as well as the verb ‘be’) is modal verbs. Here, we simply use
‘not’
Can Cannot Can’t
Could Could not Couldn’t
Might Might not Mightn’t
I can’t come to work today.
He couldn’t decide what to do.
We might not have time to see the movie.

4. QUESTION
With all verbs (apart from ‘be’ [see ‘To Be’] and modals) we need to use the
auxiliary verb ‘do’ (like the negative) in questions = do or does
We use ‘do’ with I, you, we and they
We use ‘does’ with he, she and it
IMPORTANT: like with the negative form, the auxiliary verb gives us the
information about the 3rd person (‘does’) therefore the main verb goes back
to the base form. In English it is not possible to have 2 verbs giving the same
information.
The ‘do’ or ‘does’ goes before the subject:
Do you play football?
Do we have time for a class?
Does she like me?
Does he want to come to my house tonight?
These questions are ‘Yes/No’ questions. The answer is not the main verb but
the auxiliary verb. So the first question: ‘Do you play football?’ The answer is
either:
Yes, I do OR No, I don’t (do not) NOT Yes, I play
The answer to ‘Does she like me?’ is either:
Yes, she does OR No, she doesn’t (does not) NOT Yes, she likes
Modal verbs behave like the verb ‘be’. We swap the subject and the modal
to make the question:
Can you come to my office? Yes, I can OR No, I can’t
Could he decide what to do? Yes, he could OR No, he couldn’t