This document provides information about and examples of using the present perfect tense in English. It discusses the meaning of the present perfect as an action that began in the past and continues in the present or has effects in the present. It also covers the pattern, past participles, contracted forms, and functions of the present perfect, including uses for recent events, personal experiences, and actions that began in the past and continue to the present. Examples are provided to illustrate each use and concept.

2. Present Perfect
 Meaning
A form of verb used to express an action or situation
that has started in the past and still continues today or
have been completed today or have been completed at
some point in time in the past, but the effect is still on
going.

3. Pattern
Affirmative (+) : S + have/has + Past participle
Negative (-) : S + have/has + not + Past Participle
Interrogative (?) : Have/has + S + Past Participle ?
Example:
(+) I have seen the film before
(-) I haven’t seen the film before
(?) Have I seen the film before?

4. What is Past Participle?
V1 V2 V3
 See Saw Seen
 Buy Bought Bought
 Go Went Gone
 Eat Ate Eaten
 Come Came Come
 Swim Swam Swum
Past
Participle

5. Contracted Forms
I have
You have
They have
We have
She has
He has
It has

6. The Function of Present Perfect
 Use 1
Recent events: It is used to describe recent events without
a definite time. The idea of time or place in the speaker’s
mind makes the event recent. A time expression may
emphasize recentness: just, recently, lately.
Example :
Why are they so happy?
They have just won prize so they’re really pleased.

7. The Function of Present Perfect
 Use 2
Personal experiences: It is used to express personal
experiences, there is not a definite time given. The time
expressions ever and never are very often used with this
meaning.
Example :
I have never been to Japan.
Have you ever been there?

8. The Function of Present Perfect
 Use 3
It is used to express actions that started in the past and
continue to the present, the time period is not finished.
We use for and since with this meaning. We use for with
periods of time and since with points of time.
Example:
I haven’t eaten since yesterday morning.
I am really hungry

9. Already and Yet
Already means that something
happened earlier than we expected.
With Present Perfect already usually
goes after have or has and before the
main verb.
Yet means that something that we
expected has happened or hasn't
happened. We usually put it at the end
of a sentence.
Examples
- We've already had our breakfast.
- When are you going to do your
homework?
But I've already done it!
- Do you want a cup of coffee?
No, thanks. I've already had one.
Examples
-Has the post arrived yet?
- Have you done your homework?
Not yet.
- Haven't you got ready yet?
Look at the time!

10. For and Since
• We use Present Perfect tense to talk about action which started in the
past and continues up to the present.
We use for with a period of time,
for example: a few days, half an
hour, two years.
We use since with the time when
the action started, for example: last
year, June 8, I met you.
• Examples
(+) He has had this computer for about a year.
(-) He hasn't had this computer for about a year.
(?) Has he had this computer for about a year?

11. Question
1. My father....(read) a newspaper since 30
minutes ago.
2. My cousin and I....(not read) the horor book.
3. The children....(play) football for 2 hours.
4. They....(watch) the comedy film.
5. Andreas....(call) Tata since 3 hours ago.