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- 1. THE TENSES Mrunalini.K Dept of S &H MECS,Hyderabad
- 2. • Introduction CONTENTS • Classification based on Time Frame • Classification based on Aspect • Block diagram of Tenses • List of Rules • Usage of Tenses with Examples – Present Tense – Past Tense – Future Tense
- 3. INTRODUCTION The word Tenses is derived from latin word “tempus” which means time. A verb indicates the time of an action, event or condition by changing its form.
- 4. Based on time Frame The verb tenses may be categorized according to time frame: • Present Tense • Past Tense • Future Tense
- 5. Present tense: Present Tense expresses unchanging, repeated, or recurring action or situation that exists only now. It can also represent widespread truth. Past Tense: Past Tense expresses an action or situation that was started and completed in the past. Future Tense: Future Tense expresses an action or situation that will occur in the future.
- 6. Based on Aspect Verbs can be also categorized aspect. Aspect refers to the nature of the action described by the verb. There are four aspects: • Indefinite or Simple • Continuous or Progressive • Perfect • Perfect Continuous
- 7. There are twelve possible verb tenses •Verb Tenses •Present •Simple Present •Present continuous •Present Perfect •Present Perfect Continuous •Past •Simple Past •Past Continuous •Past Perfect •Past Perfect continuous •Future •Simple Future •Future Continuous •Future Perfect •Future Perfect Continuous
- 8. List of rules of these Tenses: Simple Forms Progressive Forms Perfect Forms Perfect Progressive Forms Present Tense 1st form/ 1st form +s/es Am/is/are+1st form +ing Have/has+3rd form Have/has been+ 1st form +ing Past Tense 2nd form Was /were + 1st form +ing Had+ 3rd form Had been +1st form + ing Future Tense Will/shall + 1st form Will be+1st form+ing Will have + 3rd form Will have been+1st form +ing
- 9. Usage of Simple Present Tense •Simple Present •Present • Habits • She plays tennis every Tuesday. • Use with: Twice a month on Fridays, often, sometimes • Always True • Two and Two makes four. • Permanent Situations • I live in Hyderabad. • Short Actions • Ex: He takes the ball and scores a goal. •Future • Future Time Tables • Our Train leaves at 11 am. • Use with: This evening, at 10 o clock, tomorrow . • Future in Time Clauses • I won’t go out until it stops raining. • Use with: until, when, after, before, as soon as
- 10. Usage of Present Continuous Tense •Present continuous •Present •Unfinished Actions now •I am working at the moment. •Temporary situations •I am living in London. •Temporary habits •He is eating a lot these days. •Annoying habits •You are always nagging. •Future •Definite Future Plans •I am meeting my father tomorrow.
- 11. Usage of Present Perfect •Present Perfect •Finished •Life Experience •I Have been to Tokyo. •Use with: Ever, Never •News or Recent Events •The Queen has given a speech. •Present Result •I have lost my keys (I can’t get into my house). •Unfinished Time word •I haven’t seen her this month. •Use with: This week, today •Unfinished •How long •I have known Karan since 1994. •Use with: since 2010, 3 days
- 12. Usage of Present Perfect Continuous •Present Perfect Continuous •Unfinished •How Long •I have been living in London for 2 years. •She has been working here since 2004. •Temporary situation •I have been going to Gym a lot recently. •Finished •Present Result •I have been working (That’s why I am tired).
- 13. Usage of Simple Past •Simple Past •Past •Finished Time word •I went to cinema yesterday. •Use with: Last night, 6 months ago •Finished time period •Leonardo painted the Mona Lisa. •Details of news •I have hurt my leg. I fell of a ladder. •Use with: The present perfect •Actions in stories •She sat down and ordered a coffee. •Use with: the past continuous. •Preset/Future •Unreal/ Imaginary things •If I won lottery, I would buy a house.
- 14. Usage of Past Continuous •Past Continuous •Story Background •The birds were singing and the and the sun was shining. Amy sat down. •Use with: the simple past •Over lapping Action •I was walking to the station when I met John. •Use with: when + simple past •Some Past Habits •She was constantly singing. •Use with: always , forever •Emphasis of Length of Action •I was working in the garden all day. •Use with: all day, for hours.
- 15. Usage of Past Perfect •Past Perfect •Action finished before another past action •When we arrived, the film had started •Use with: when + past simple, June, last Tuesday •Unreal things in the past •I wish I hadn’t gone to bed so late. •Use with: third conditionals, wish. •How long to a point in the past •When he graduated, he had been in London for six years •Use with: when + past simple, for + time
- 16. Usage of Past Perfect Continuous •Past Perfect Continuous •How long to a point in the past •She had been working in the company for a year when she met James •Use with: when + past simple, for + time. •Result at a time in the past •The pavement was wet. It had been raining. •Use with: the past simple.
- 17. Usage of Future Simple •Future Simple •Will •Future Prediction •The sun will rise at 7 am. •I think the Conservatives will win the next election •Promises/Request/Refusals/Offers •I will help you with your home work •Future conditionals •If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the park. •Use with: first conditional •Be going to •Plans and intentions •A:We ‘ve run out of milk. •B: I know. I am going to buy some. •Future prediction •The sky is getting darker and darker. It’s going to rain.
- 18. Usage of Future Continuous •Future Continuous •Overlapping Action •I ‘ll be waiting when you arrive. •Use with: when + present simple at 8pm. •Future as a matter of course •The government will be making a statement later. •Use with: later, tonight, next week.
- 19. Usage of Future Perfect •Future Perfect •How long to a point in the future •When we get married, I’ ll have known Robert for four years. •Use with: when + present simple, by the time + present simple, for + time •Action finished before a point in the future. •By ten o’clock, I will have finished my homework. •Use with: by three o’clock, by Friday, when + present simple, by the time + present simple.
- 20. Usage of Future Perfect Continuous •Future Perfect Continuous •How long to a point in the future. •In April, she will have been teaching for twelve years •Use with: when + present simple, by the time + present simple, for + time. •Action finished before a point in the future. •When I see you, I’ll have been studying, so I’ll be tired. •Use with: when + present simple, by the time + present simple.
- 21. Thank You