This document summarizes information about prescription drug costs and development. It discusses how medicines have transformed treatment for diseases like hepatitis C and cancer. Developing new treatments takes over 10 years and $2.6 billion on average, with only 12% of drug candidates being approved. Medicines help avoid expensive medical services and provide major savings to the healthcare system. While drug costs have risen, they account for a stable share of overall healthcare spending and are projected to grow in line with other healthcare costs. Many factors influence drug prices, including discounts, rebates, and competition from generics.
Creating value through patient support programsSKIM
How do we become more patient-centered as an organization? How do we ensure the patient/caregiver experience is as optimal as possible?
These are the questions that are being poised to healthcare market researchers in today’s healthcare landscape. And typically healthcare market researchers are turning to methods like “patient journeys” and “patient personas” to help bring that patient-centered understanding to the organization. Problem is … in order to be truly patient-centered, you need to take this charge on from the inside out.
Experience, Design and Innovation departments are springing up in all kinds of healthcare organizations intent on facilitating the organizational shift towards patient-centricity. And, unfortunately, market researchers are intentionally not being invited to the table. If history repeats itself, that will soon change though. These Experience, Design and Innovation departments will need the rigor and breadth of method knowledge that market researchers have in order to succeed in the strategic agendas of their work.
This presentation will give market researcher pointers on which skills, methods and mindsets they’ll likely need to adopt if they are hoping to be perceived as a valued contributor to an Experience, Design or Innovation team. In essence, give attendees a blueprint for how to open up a whole new professional opportunity for themselves, with a simple reframe on whom they are and what they do.
Creating value through patient support programsSKIM
How do we become more patient-centered as an organization? How do we ensure the patient/caregiver experience is as optimal as possible?
These are the questions that are being poised to healthcare market researchers in today’s healthcare landscape. And typically healthcare market researchers are turning to methods like “patient journeys” and “patient personas” to help bring that patient-centered understanding to the organization. Problem is … in order to be truly patient-centered, you need to take this charge on from the inside out.
Experience, Design and Innovation departments are springing up in all kinds of healthcare organizations intent on facilitating the organizational shift towards patient-centricity. And, unfortunately, market researchers are intentionally not being invited to the table. If history repeats itself, that will soon change though. These Experience, Design and Innovation departments will need the rigor and breadth of method knowledge that market researchers have in order to succeed in the strategic agendas of their work.
This presentation will give market researcher pointers on which skills, methods and mindsets they’ll likely need to adopt if they are hoping to be perceived as a valued contributor to an Experience, Design or Innovation team. In essence, give attendees a blueprint for how to open up a whole new professional opportunity for themselves, with a simple reframe on whom they are and what they do.
Strategies to improve adherence to antihypertensive medicationmagdy elmasry
Challenges in hypertension treatment.What is the definition of medication non-adherence?Who is at risk? How should
patients at risk be screened and identified?What are the negative impacts of non-adherence?What is the
practical approach for improving adherence? The ABC taxonomy for medication adherence
Adherence :3 quantifiable components: initiation , implementation , and discontinuationThe five dimensions
of non-adherence
.
Pharmacovigilance Process Work Flow - Katalyst HLSKatalyst HLS
Introduction to Drug Safety & Pharmacovigilance Process Work Flow for Pharmaceuticals, Bio-Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices, Cosmeceuticals and Foods.
Contact:
"Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences"
South Plainfield, NJ, USA
info@KatalystHLS.com
Definition and scope of Pharmacoepidemiology ABUBAKRANSARI2
In these slides I shared the information of definition and scope of pharmacoepidemiology. Types of studies - cohort studies, cross-sectional studies etc.
Electronic Health Record System and Its Key Benefits to Healthcare IndustryCalance
This case study discusses how Electronic Health Record can turn out to be a solution to the problems associated with paper based clinical records. It’s a future-proof solution decreasing chances of error and loss while increasing patient-provider communication. Find out the key challenges faced by US health industry, key benefits of EHRs, and how Calance can help developing an HER solution. For more info about Calance, visit http://www.calanceus.com
Strategies to improve adherence to antihypertensive medicationmagdy elmasry
Challenges in hypertension treatment.What is the definition of medication non-adherence?Who is at risk? How should
patients at risk be screened and identified?What are the negative impacts of non-adherence?What is the
practical approach for improving adherence? The ABC taxonomy for medication adherence
Adherence :3 quantifiable components: initiation , implementation , and discontinuationThe five dimensions
of non-adherence
.
Pharmacovigilance Process Work Flow - Katalyst HLSKatalyst HLS
Introduction to Drug Safety & Pharmacovigilance Process Work Flow for Pharmaceuticals, Bio-Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices, Cosmeceuticals and Foods.
Contact:
"Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences"
South Plainfield, NJ, USA
info@KatalystHLS.com
Definition and scope of Pharmacoepidemiology ABUBAKRANSARI2
In these slides I shared the information of definition and scope of pharmacoepidemiology. Types of studies - cohort studies, cross-sectional studies etc.
Electronic Health Record System and Its Key Benefits to Healthcare IndustryCalance
This case study discusses how Electronic Health Record can turn out to be a solution to the problems associated with paper based clinical records. It’s a future-proof solution decreasing chances of error and loss while increasing patient-provider communication. Find out the key challenges faced by US health industry, key benefits of EHRs, and how Calance can help developing an HER solution. For more info about Calance, visit http://www.calanceus.com
It's too confusing to define love, but some classic social psychology studies can help explain the feeling of attraction.
Download presentation: https://slideshop.com/PowerPoint-Attraction
More themed slides: http://slideshop.com/Themed-Slides
Good Health is Real Wealth at WorkplaceAnkur Tandon
Companies who are aggressively planning out to create a positive work atmosphere are advised to take examples from the major brands who always try to build their work environment employees-friendly.
Read more interesting content, at www.thecareermuse.co.in - We intend to inform and inspire recruiters, job seekers and anyone with an interest in the workplace and HR technology.
Hope you enjoyed reading the Infographic.
Feel free to share your feedback with us at @CareerBuilderIn
Design for Change: Empathy as our Guide: Amy Cueva Keynote at Partners Center...Amy Cueva
This presentation was a part of the "Design for Change" track at the October 29, 2015 Partners Center for Connected Health Symposium. The presentation discusses how Empathy can be our guide as we seek to improve health experiences.
The Spring Festival, also known as the Chines New Year, is the most important Chinese festival celebrated each year. Many traditions have significant influence on people’s life.
Read the infographic “ Chinese New Year - the Spring Festival”.
Is healthwashing the new greenwashing? Are we placing too much faith in technology? These are just some of the questions that emerged from our conversation around making health a shared value at TEDMED 2015. Check out our blog, "Overheard at TEDMED: Let's Dance," for more details: http://blog.tedmed.com/overheard-at-tedmed/
Whether you’re fooled by a push/pull door or you unexpectedly run into an academic lecturer outside of class, the best advice we can give you? Embrace the awkward! We’ve put together the most common awkward student moments you’re likely to run into during university life and added some handy tips on how to embrace them.
The average Christmas dinner contains as much as 956 calories and 46g of fat.In this presentation, you will see how much weight you gained during Christmas time and what you can do to cut calories during those festive days. ~ Shared by: http://www.familychiropractic.com.sg/
Visit
www.buildmyfitness.com
For More Useful Articles
Wondering how on earth these celebrities manage to keep the glow of their skin on for years.
Magic or expensive cosmetics?
No, the name of the magic is yoga.
Yoga is the answer to all physical, mental and spiritual development.
1. Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose):
2. Ustrasana (Camel Pose):
3. Matsyasana (Fish Pose):
4. Halasana (Plow Pose):
5. Trikonasana (Triangle pose):
6. Pavanmuktasana (Wind Relieving pose):
7. Breathing Exercise:
Glowing Skin Remedies For Normal Skin Types:
• Mix the juice of half a tomato or orange with two tsp yoghurt. Massage your face with this preparation with upward strokes for a few minutes. Keep on till it dries and then wash off with cold water.• Massage your face using the inner part of a papaya peel. When it dries, wash with cold water.
• Grind half cup cabbage or press out the juice from the resulting pulp. Apply and cleanse it off after it dries. You can do the same thing with a small carrot.• Use the inner part of apple peels to massage your face and wash off with cold water when dry.• Rub an ice cube on your face. Pat dry. This helps to improve blood circulation and brings a natural glow to the skin.
Are you trying to watch your waistline and your budget this holiday season? Then you won’t want to miss the tips from this chat about frugal and healthy holiday eats and activities.
The panel included: Ben Edwards: Founder of MoneySmartLife, John Schneider & David Auten: Founders of Debt Free Guys, Rod Griffin- Director of Public Education at Experian and Mike Delgado- Social Media Community Manager at Experian.
This deck featured tips from @SFCUNews, @CordiaGrad, @DebtFreeGuys, @gabbyknows, @myCCCU, @CompareCards, @babiexnicci, @Kasasa, @GiftofCollege, @DebbiKing, @SavingFreak, @PicaCreditUnion, @KOFETIME, @FedChoiceFCU, @UrMoneyMentor, @suddenlyfrugal, and @MiriamSCross.
Whether it's prescription or street drugs, when the demise includes a celebrated face, it attracts consideration regarding evil spirits that neither cash nor notoriety can tame. These 16 stars lost their lives to overdoses, yet their legacy lives on in the collection of work they deserted.
There’s no doubt that Valentine’s Day traditions have changed since the holiday first began. But now with the dawn of social media, things are changing once again. Learn more... http://www.temptationsdirect.co.uk/sextalk/1642-Valentines_Day_Traditions
Science of Achievement & Art of Fulfillment | Tony Robbins Tony Robbins
What does it mean to live an extraordinary life? It means living life on your own terms. And to do that, you must master two skills: The science of achievement and the art of fulfillment. Hear Tony explain why success without fulfillment is the ultimate failure.
Your Keys to an Extraordinary Life of Fulfillment:
Health, Time, Wealth, Business, Mind & Spirit, Relationships
For more insights, strategies and tools, visit: http://tonyr.co/1Ol6IJH
Visit Tony Robbins' websites:
https://www.tonyrobbins.com/
http://humanelevation.tonyrobbins.com/
https://moneymasterthegame.com/
Follow Tony Robbins @:
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TonyRobbins
Twitter: https://twitter.com/tonyrobbins
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ajrobbins
Google+: https://plus.google.com/+TonyRobbins
Instagram: https://instagram.com/tonyrobbins/
Tony Robbins is a #1 New York Times best-selling author, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. For more than 37 years, millions of people have enjoyed the warmth, humor and dynamic presentation of Mr. Robbins' corporate and personal development events. As the nation's #1 life and business strategist, he¹s called upon to consult and coach some of the world¹s finest athletes, entertainers, Fortune 500 CEOs, and even presidents of nations.
10 Easy Ways to Unleash Your Kid's Brain PowerSage HR
Do you know that a baby is born with all the brain cells he needs when he becomes an adult?
Do you know that a baby creates 700 neural connections every second in the first 1,000 days of his life?
A study conducted by Dr. Jim Heckman, a Nobel Laureate in Economics, show that early stimulation of brain function during childhood plays a critical role in a child's social and economic success. Furthermore, the neural pathways and networks that are forged during the first 1,000 days will have lasting impacts on the person's social, emotional and mental capabilities --- very important factors which dictate the kind of lifestyle, job and social interactions he will have in the future.
For parents who want nothing but the best for their children, Dr. Heckman's research show that preschool experiences and early interactions with peers and adults provide the highest return in capital investment. The benefits of which decreases dramatically after school due to aging and several other reasons.
From an economic standpoint, these words ring true. Early childhood stimulation of brain function develops fluid abilities such as memory, reasoning, speed of thought and problem solving prowess. All of which are interrelated and foreshadows high-level brain function which is key to a happy, successful life.
In this Slideshare story deck, CakeHR is proud to present 10 easy, practical ways to develop your kid's brain power. Here you will learn about the importance of play, songs and interactive toys in early childhood brain stimulation. You will also learn that the way your respond to your child's needs and cries will have a direct effect on the development of his cognitive and emotional abilities.
Learn more about CakeHR at > > > cake.hr
How can cancer patients manage the symptoms of chemobrain? Learn more about this side effect of cancer treatment, which can sometimes cause decreased short-term memory, problems finding words, short attention span, and difficulty concentrating and multitasking.
Prescription Medicines - Costs in Context January 2019PhRMA
Discussions about costs are important. We recognize that many are struggling to access the medicine they need, and have important questions about their medicine costs. And we want to help find the answers.
Prescription Medicines - Costs In Context March 2019PhRMA
Discussions about costs are important. We recognize that many are struggling to access the medicine they need, and have important questions about their medicine costs. And we want to help find the answers.
Prescription Medicines - Costs in Context - September 2018PhRMA
Discussions about costs are important. We recognize that many are struggling to access the medicine they need, and have important questions about their medicine costs. And we want to help find the answers.
Prescription Medicines - Costs in Context - October 2018PhRMA
Discussions about costs are important. We recognize that many are struggling to access the medicine they need, and have important questions about their medicine costs. And we want to help find the answers.
Prescription Medicines - Costs in Context - September 2018PhRMA
Discussions about costs are important. We recognize that many are struggling to access the medicine they need, and have important questions about their medicine costs. And we want to help find the answers.
Whose to blame for high prescription drug costs?Richard Meyer
Pharma certainly can take the blame for high drug prices but the reality is that even if prescription drugs were free our healthcare costs would still be climbing
Prescription Medicines Costs in Context - June 2019PhRMA
We are in a new era of medicine where breakthrough science is transforming care with innovative treatment approaches and enabling us to more effectively treat chronic disease, the biggest cost driver.
Prescription Medicines - Costs in Context - August 2018PhRMA
Discussions about the cost and affordability of medicines – and health care more broadly – are important. At the same time, it is important to look at costs across the health care system and not just the share going toward life changing medicines.
Our biggest problem in healthcare is efficiency (quality of care per dollar spent) and Obamacare doesn't solve it. Our spending is off the charts by any measure (growth over time, % of GDP, per capita) Consumerism as a force of change in Healthcare is just getting started, but there are many barriers in place that serve to protect existing stakeholders in the industry. Knocking down these barriers to competition is what the GOP should be focusing on, but it's not. "Repeal and replace" seems to be a slogan, not a plan. Do Republican lawmakers have the will to make changes that might upset entrenched players?
Eighty percent of Americans believe the prices of prescription medications are unreasonable. PharmacyChecker president and co-founder, Gabriel Levitt, spoke at the New York Retirees Association of District Council 37 September 2018 meeting about the prescription drug price crisis in America and how international online pharmacies can help seniors today. With around 200-300 members in attendance, the members didn’t hold back in expressing shock at the numbers surrounding the current state of drug prices in the United States vs. the rest of the world. Commonly prescribed drugs, that many uninsured or under-insured Americans can’t afford are much less in Canada and other countries.
Similar to Prescription Medicines: Costs in Context (20)
Prescription Medicines - Insulin Costs in ContextPhRMA
A century ago, patients were treated with animal insulins. Today, biopharmaceutical companies produce insulins that operate at the molecular level, more closely resembling insulin released naturally in the body and more effectively managing the disease. The options available today also help meet a wide range of unmet needs, providing patients with the tools necessary to stay adherent and healthy – saving costs throughout the health care system. However, this innovation isn’t enough if patients can’t afford their insulin and other medicines at the pharmacy.
Prescription Medicines: International Costs in ContextPhRMA
Our new Prescription Medicines: International Costs in Context explains how medicines benefit patients, health care systems, and the global economy. Advances in treatment are tacking some of the world’s greatest public health challenges. These treatments provide critical savings for health care systems by reducing the need for more costly services. What’s more is the profound impact that biopharmaceutical companies have on the global economy, including the creation of high-skill jobs, R&D investment, and medicines that improve worker productivity.
2016 Report: Medicines in Development for Alzheimer's DiseasePhRMA
Today, more than 5 million Americans have Alzheimer’s disease. The disease devastates the minds of patients, creates substantial burdens for families and caregivers, and currently costs the health care system more than $200 billion a year. These sobering statistics are projected to get much worse as the 76 million American baby boomers age.
This report shows that America's Biopharmaceutical Research Companies Are Developing More Than 70 Medicines for Alzheimer’s Disease
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
3. Medicines are Transforming the Treatment
OF DEVASTATING DISEASES
HEPATITIS C
The leading cause of liver transplants and the
reason liver cancer is on the rise – is now curable
in more than 90 percent of treated patients.*
CANCER
New therapies have contributed to a 23% decline
in the cancer death rate since its peak in 1991.
Today, 2 out of 3 people diagnosed with cancer
survive at least 5 years.**
HIGH CHOLESTEROL
America’s biopharmaceutical companies are
currently developing 190 medicines to treat heart
disease, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases.
New PCSK9 inhibitors have revolutionized high
cholesterol treatment. Between 1991 and 2011, the
death rate from heart disease dropped 46%.***
Gov. Hogan’s Cancer is in
Remission, 30 Days After
He Completed Chemo
Former President
Jimmy Carter Says He is
Free of Cancer
November 16, 2015
December 6, 2015
4. MORE THAN 7,000 MEDICINES ARE IN DEVELOPMENT
Around the World
NOTE: Each product is counted exactly once, regardless of the number of indications pursued.
MEDICINES IN DEVELOPMENT
5. Developing New Treatments and Cures
IS A COMPLEX AND RISKY UNDERTAKING
On average, it takes more than
10 years and $2.6B to research and develop a new medicine.*
BETWEEN 1998 AND 2014
Unsuccessful
Attempts
Successful
Attempts
123
Alzheimer’s Disease**
96
Melanoma***
167
Lung Cancer***
4
Alzheimer’s Disease
7
Melanoma
10
Lung Cancer
Just
12%
of drug candidates that enter
clinical testing are approved
for use by patients
6. Medicines Help Patients
AVOID EXPENSIVE HOSPITAL SERVICES
The U.S. health care system could save $213 billion annually
if medicines were used properly*
Adherence to Medicines Lowers Total Health Spending for Chronically Ill Patients**
7. MEDICINES PROVIDE CRITICAL SAVINGS
to the U.S. Health Care System
Estimated 10-Year savings to Medicare from
improved adherence to congestive
heart failure medications, 2013-2022*
$22.4 billion
Costs avoided by 2050 if we develop a new
medicine that delays the onset of
Alzheimer’s disease by
just five years**
$367 billion
10. The Biopharmaceutical Industry’s
IMPACT ON THE U.S. ECONOMY
Nearly 4.5 Million Jobs
ECONOMIC OUTPUT
FROM INDUSTRY $1.2 Trillion
Nearly
$311 Billion
paid in wages and benefits
Annual average compensation of
$123,108 IN DIRECT JOBS
is more than twice the average
annual salary for all other jobs.
14. GROWTH IN OTHER HEALTH CARE SERVICES WILL BE FIVE TIMES
Total Medicine Spending Growth Through Next Decade
Projected Annual Growth in Spending ($ Billions)
(10-year cumulative
increase: $2,044 billion)
(10-year cumulative
increase: $390 billion)
15. BRAND MEDICINE NET PRICE GROWTH SLOWED IN 2015
as Discounts, Rebates Negotiated by Payers Rose Sharply
16. POWERFUL PURCHASERS NEGOTIATE DRUG PRICES
Negotiating power is increasingly concentrated among fewer pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs), with the
TOP THREE PBMS ACCOUNTING FOR THREE QUARTERS OF THE MARKET.
17. CASE STUDY
Critics Proven Wrong on Hepatitis C Medicine Spending
What payers claimed would happen
“[I]t forces payers…to consider whether or not they
can even sustain the pharmacy benefit they provide
to members.”
– EXPRESS SCRIPTS (OCTOBER 2014)
“What they have done with this particular drug will break
the country…It will make pharmacy benefits no longer
sustainable. Companies just aren’t going to be able to
handle paying for this drug.”
– EXPRESS SCRIPTS (APRIL 2014)
“Never before has a drug been priced this high to treat a
patient population this large, and the resulting costs will
be unsustainable for our country. The burden will fall
upon individual patients, state and federal governments,
and payers who will have to balance access and
affordability in a way they never have had to before.”
– EXPRESS SCRIPTS (APRIL 2014)
What actually happened
“Hepatitis C is the first example where price is lower in the
U.S. vs. Western Europe because of our negotiations.”
– EXPRESS SCRIPTS (DECEMBER 2015)
“The price is sufficiently low that we can go to our clients
and say that they can treat every patient with hepatitis C.”
– EXPRESS SCRIPTS (JANUARY 2015)
“Our clients will save more than $1 billion this year on
hepatitis C medications, and we will financially guarantee
that their patients will adhere to their therapy.”
– EXPRESS SCRIPTS (JANUARY 2015)
“After our deal, other payers have begun to follow suit and
negotiate their own arrangements with either AbbVie or
Gilead. Because of our initial action, these follow-up
negotiations will ultimately lower the national spend on
hepatitis C drugs by more than $4 billion annually.”
– EXPRESS SCRIPTS (JANUARY 2015)
18. CASE STUDY
Critics Proven Wrong on High Cholesterol Medicine Spending
What payers claimed would happen
“These drugs are not only expensive but they present a
financial challenge to the health care industry.”
– HARVARD PILGRIM HEALTH CARE (SEPTEMBER 2015)
“While these drugs are being viewed as breakthroughs,
they also have the potential to wreck financial havoc on
clients who do not proactively manage.”
– EXPRESS SCRIPTS (JULY 2015)
“Given the number of people potentially eligible for
treatment with PCSK9 will number in the millions, the
potential overall expenditures by payers are huge.”
– CVS HEALTH (JULY 2015)
What actually happened
“We are in a situation where we can bargain with the
drug manufacturers to get a significant discount in
return for an exclusive deal.”
– CVS HEALTH (NOVEMBER 2015)
“We were able over the course of tough negotiations
to get good economics on both products.”
– EXPRESS SCRIPTS (OCTOBER 2015)
“We feel very confident we can manage this and this
won’t mess up our clients’ budgets in 2016.”
– EXPRESS SCRIPTS (OCTOBER 2015)
19. Insurers’ Data Show
MEDICINES ARE NOT MAIN DRIVER OF
PREMIUM INCREASES
Average Dollar Increase in Monthly Premium by Category,
2016 Individual and Small Group Plans
“Pharmaceutical expenses may
be the factor most open to
exploitation by health plans
searching for a Trojan horse with
which to usher in excessively
priced insurance rates.”
—Consumers Union
in San Francisco
20. Nearly 9 Out of Every 10 U.S. Prescriptions
ARE FILLED WITH GENERICS
21. Medical Procedures Become More Expensive Over Time,
BUT COST CONTAINMENT IS BUILT INTO MEDICINE LIFE CYCLE
23. $93 BILLION OF U.S. BRAND SALES
are Projected to Face Generic Competition
24. Changes in the Prescription Medicine
Marketplace: Challenges and
Opportunities
25. Economics of Medicines Have
CHANGED MARKEDLY IN RECENT YEARS
THE SCIENCE IS HARDER
AND MORE COSTLY
Researchers targeting more
complex diseases
Rise of personalized medicine
Higher regulatory hurdles
Longer, more complex
clinical trials
Genomics/molecular medicine
are complex new frontiers
Increased cost of R&D
THE MARKET
IS TOUGHER
Slow uptake of new medicines/
rapid adoption of generics
Eroding intellectual
property (IP) protections
Increased patient cost-sharing
and coverage restrictions
Providers increasingly
accountable for cost of care
Increase in required government rebates
BIOPHARMACEUTICAL
INNOVATION
26. 2 • Research and Development
Cost to Develop a New Medicine
MORE THAN DOUBLED OVER PAST DECADE
27. INCREASING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY THREATS
Cause Uncertainties and Costs for Biopharmaceutical Companies
Intensified efforts to invalidate patents
Continued efforts to reduce or eliminate
data and market exclusivity
Generic challenges to patents
happening earlier and more frequently
reducing patent life for innovator drugs
‘Patent Death Squads’ vs. Innovation
The Patent Trial and Appeal Board
was supposed to make the system
better. It hasn’t. — By Peter J. Pitts
June 10, 2015
28. 3 • Market Dynamics
COMPANIES RACE TO BE FIRST TO MARKET
with a New Medicine
Competing brands generally launch within two years.
Time Between Approval of First and
Second Medicines in a Pharmacologic
Class Has Declined Dramatically
29. 3 • Market Dynamics
RAPID CHANGE IN THE MARKET
for Medicines
VALUE-BASED
INSURANCE DESIGN
CLINICAL
PATHWAYS
ACCOUNTABLE CARE
ORGANIZATIONS
PROVIDERS AT RISK
FOR MEDICINE COSTS
BUNDLED
PAYMENTS
OUTCOME-BASED
ARRANGEMENTS
VALUE ASSESSMENT
FRAMEWORKS
30. 3 • Market Dynamics
Increasing Provider Accountability for Cost of Care and Pathway Compliance is
INFLUENCING PRESCRIBING DECISIONS
THEN NOW
Patients in health plans that incentivize providers
to prescribe certain treatments*
37%
2014
88%
2016 (Projected)
Hospital participation in accountable care
organizations responsible for cost of care**
6%
2011
25%
2014
Medicare payments tied to alternative payment
models which include cost or quality incentives***
0%
2009
30%
2014
Commercial market payments where provider
is at-risk for cost of care****
6%
2013
21%
2014
31. 3 • Market Dynamics
Medicines are Increasingly Put in the
HIGHEST-COST TIER BY INSURANCE COMPANIES
32. 3 • Market Dynamics
Share of Commercial Plans with a
PRESCRIPTION DRUG DEDUCTIBLE IS INCREASING
34. PROMOTE VALUE-DRIVEN HEALTH CARE
• Address barriers to paying for value, develop patient-centered value assessment tools
and support appropriate use of medicines
MODERNIZE THE DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
• Modernize the FDA to keep pace with scientific discovery and increase efficiency of
generic approvals
ENGAGE AND EMPOWER CONSUMERS
• Make quality and cost information public to aid in decisions and enforce common-sense
rules that prevent discrimination against vulnerable patients
ADDRESS MARKET DISTORTIONS
• Improve risk adjustment models and reform market distorting programs like the 340B
Drug Pricing program
PRAGMATIC SOLUTIONS
to Address Cost Concerns