Presbyopia is a natural part of the aging process where the eye's ability to focus on nearby objects decreases, requiring reading material to be held farther away. It results from a loss of accommodative amplitude and facility. Symptoms include blurred near vision, headaches, and fatigue when doing close work. Presbyopia is diagnosed through visual acuity and refraction tests and treated with reading glasses or contact lenses, and in some cases refractive surgery like monovision LASIK or lens replacement.

1. PRESBYOPIA

2. DEFINITION
 Decrease in the amplitude of accommodation or loss
of accommodative facility with age.
 Old man’s eye.

3. ETIOLOGY
 Natural part of the aging process.
 Earlier in hyperopes.

4. VISION

5. OPTICS

6. SYMPTOMS
 The need to hold reading material at
arm's length.
 Blurred near vision
 Headache
 Fatigue
 Symptoms worse in dim light.

8. DIAGNOSIS
 Visual Acuity test for near.

9. Slit lamp examination

10. Retinoscopy

11. INCREASING NEAR POINT OF
ACCOMMODATION WITH AGE
Age (years) Distance (cm)
10 7
20 10
30 14
40 20
50 40

12. Age (years) Amplitude (D) Age (years) Amplitude (D)
10 14.00 45 3.50
15 12.00 50 2.50
20 10.00 55 1.75
25 8.50 60 1.00
30 7.00 65 0.50
35 5.50 70 0.25
40 5.00 75 0.00

13. CORRECTION

14. SPECTACLES
Plus lens
(or)
Convex lens

15. CONTACT LENS

16. SURGERY
 Monovision LASIK
 Monovision & CK
 IntraCor
 Refractive lens exchange
 Corneal Inlays & Onlays

17. MONOVISION LASIK

18. CONDUCTIVE KERATOPLASTY

19. INTRACOR

20. REFRACTIVE LENS EXCHANGE

21. CORNEAL INLAYS & ONLAYS