Aula do curso de Inglês Instrumental. Elaborado pela Professora Cintia Silva e ministrada no CENTRO DE LÍNGUAS DA UFGD.

2. What is important to know???

3. Prefix - beginning
Base word – main
word
Suffix - ending

4. Look at the word unjustifiable
To better understand its meaning, you can divide
the word into three parts

5. A base word is a word in its simplest form. A
base word has nothing added to it.
Examples:
Do
Heat
Write
Read
Pack

6. Write the base words.
Played
Running
Reheat
Quickly
Unhappy

7. Prefix
A group of letters that come
before the word to alter its
meaning
Un + happy = unhappy
Re + do = redo
7

9. Back
9

10. 10

11. Prefixes
re-
pre-
mis-
in-
dis-
un-
non-
Again
Before
Not/Wrongly
Not

12. Prefixes
The prefix re means
again.
Reread means to read
again.
Rewrite means to write
again.
What does reheat
mean?
The prefix un means not
or the opposite of.
Uncomfortable means
not comfortable.
Unpack means the
opposite of pack.
What does unclear
mean?

13. Prefixes
Add a prefix to the beginning of each word to make a new word.
Draw a line form the word to its meaning.
____do
The opposite of pack
____happy
Do again
____clear
Opposite of clear
____read
Read again
____pack
Not happy

14. In this article, we first discuss how the high-income
countries like the United States represent a declining
share of global agricultural output while middle-income
countries like China, India, Brazil, and
Indonesia represent a rising share
(re) present
(de) clining
(out) put

15. In rural India … women make up about 33 percent of
cultivators and about 47 percent of agricultural
labourers. Their work in agricultural economy in
Northwest region of India has been indispensible.
(in) dispensable

16. However, since a long period of time it was treated as
insignificant, invisible and unrecognized as it was
regarded as a mere extension of women’s domestic
work comprising of subsistence economy
(un) recognized
(sub) sistence

17. Common misconceptions about what attachment is
and what it is not are discussed. The distinction
between attachment and bonding is provided. The
recognized method to assess infant-parent
attachment, the Strange Situation procedure, is
described.
(mis) conceptions
(re) cognized

18. Depression is a major cause of disability worldwide,
but we know little about the underlying fundamental
biology.
(dis) ability
(un) derlying

19. Genetically engineering plants to produce cellulases
and hemicellulases, and to reduce the need for
pretreatment processes through lignin modification,
are promising paths to solving this problem, together
with other strategies, such as increasing plant
polysaccharide content and overall biomass.
(pre) treatment
(in) creasing
(over) all

20. Suffix
A group of letters that
come after a word that
change its meaning
wonder + ful = wonderful
rest + ful = restful
20

22. Suffixes -ful
-less
-ble
-ly
-ness
-ment
Full of
Lack of/don’t have
Able/can do
State of
act of, result
in a certain way

23. 23

24. The suffix ly means in a
certain way.
Quickly means in a
quick way.
Loudly means in a loud
way.
What does suddenly
mean?
The suffix ful means full
of.
Colorful means full of
color.
Playful means full of
play.
What does thankful
mean?

26. Match each word with its definition.
healthful
slowly
unlock
reheat
sadly
uncomfortable
reread
in a sad way
to heat again
the opposite of lock
to read again
full of health
in a slow way
not comfortable

27. Suffixes
Add a suffix to the end of each base word. Draw a line to its
new meaning.
Loud____
In a loud way
Color____
Full of play
Wonder____
Full of wonder
Sudden_____
In a sudden way
Play____
Full of color

29. Randy’s bike tire was
flat. He couldn’t find the
pump because the garage
was in disorder. “It’s
hopeless,” said Randy.
“I’ll never make it to the
soccer game on time.”

30. “That’s nonsense,”
said his brother Jake.
“You can use my bike.”

31. “Gee, thanks,” said
Randy, hopping on the
bike.

32. “See, I can be likable!”
said Jake with a grin.

33. Define the words below
Disorder
Hopeless
Nonsense
Likable


34. We have successfully constructed three superior
industrial S. cerevisiae strains that combine efficient
D-xylose utilization with high inhibitor tolerance.
Successful (ly)
Construct (ed)
Utiliza (tion)

35. Early diagnosis along with careful explanation of the
disability was recommended as well as the
encouragement of dyslexic children in areas where
they can do well and which makes them view
themselves positively.
Care (ful)
Explana (tion)
Recommend (ed)
Encourage (ment)
Positive (ly)

36. There is now a considerable amount of empirical
research on teaching and learning in higher education
that should provide a guide to effective teaching
practice.
Consider(able)
Teach(ing)
Learn(ing)

37. Currently, most biofuel is in the form of ethanol
generated from starch or sugar, but this can meet only
a limited fraction of global fuel requirements.
Current (ly)
Generat (ed)

38. Asante-Darko exposes the hollowness of the hostile
racial militancy of the works of Frantz Fanon and
Ngugi by assessing their salient arguments from the
point of view of the themes, the methodology, the
language choice, and the stratagem of African literary
discourse.
Hollow (ness)
Assess (ing)

39. Project-based assignments are widely used in
Computer Science courses to give students hands-on
experience in using the learned knowledge to solve
problems.
Assign (ments)
Wide (ly)
Us (ing)
Learn (ed)

40. Wiki-based project management framework: project
activities are centralized and captured by a dedicated
Wiki site
Manage (ment)
Centraliz (ed)
Captur (ed)
Dedicat (ed)

41. then

42. Summarize --
 to present the substance
or general idea in brief form;
 to create a concise, condensed
account of the original;
 to cover the main points

43. BBee aa NNeewwss RReeppoorrtteerr
Who?
What?
When?
Where?
How?
Why?

44. SStteeppss ttoo iiddeennttiiffyy tthhee ttooppiicc ~~
Look at the title.
Look at the first and
last paragraph.
Ask yourself: “What is discussed through the whole
section?”
Look at captions, pictures, words in bold, and headings for
clues to the topic.
What do they all have in common?

45. SSYYNNTTHHEESSIIZZEE –– BBeeyyoonndd SSuummmmaarryy
The putting
together
of parts or
elements
so as to
form a whole

46. HHooww ttoo ssttaarrtt
 TThhee mmoosstt iimmppoorrttaanntt iiddeeaass iinn tthhiiss tteexxtt// aarrttiiccllee
aarree……
 TThhiiss ppaappeerr//bbooookk wwaass aabboouutt……
 FFiirrsstt tthhee aauutthhoorr ddiissccuussss…… NNeexxtt…… TThheenn……
FFiinnaallllyy……
 TThhiiss aarrttiiccllee// bbooookk ttaakkeess ppllaaccee……
 TThhee mmaaiinn iiddeeaass aarree……
 TThhee pprroobblleemm ooccccuurrss wwhheenn……
 TThhee aauutthhoorr ddiissccuussss……
 TThhee aarrttiiccllee iiss aabboouutt……

47. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with
an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito
vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity
(the cocirculation of multiple serotypes), and the emergence of dengue
hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. In 1998 this mosquito-borne
disease is the most important tropical infectious disease after malaria, with
an estimated 100 million cases of dengue fever, 500,000 cases of dengue
hemorrhagic fever, and 25,000 deaths annually. The reasons for this
resurgence and emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the waning
years of the 20th century are complex and not fully understood, but
demographic, societal, and public health infrastructure changes in the
past 30 years have contributed greatly. This paper reviews control. A major
challenge for public health officials in all the changing epidemiology of
dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever by geographic region, the natural
history and transmission cycles, clinical diagnosis of both dengue fever
and dengue hemorrhagic fever, serologic and virologic laboratory
diagnoses, pathogenesis, surveillance, prevention, and opical areas of the
world is to devleop and implement sustainable prevention and control
programs that will reverse the trend of emergent dengue hemorrhagic
fever.

48. Let’s summarize the text:
The paper discuss issues related to the changing epidemiology
of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever by geographic region.
According to the paper Dengue fever is a very old disease that
reemerged in the last 20 years and as a consequence increased
epidemic activity in new geographic regions.
The author states that the reasons for the resurgence and
emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever are complex and not
fully understood, but according to the paper demographic,
societal, and public health infrastructure changes in the past 30
years have contributed greatly.

49. The New Woman in Victorian
Literature
The Victorian era was defined as a series of changes in regards to the
social, political and moral aspects of England during the nineteenth
century. Many works during the Victorian period such as Sarah Stickney
Ellis’ The Women of England: Their Social Duties and Domestic Habits,
Coventry Patmore’s The Angel in the House, and John Ruskin’s Of
Queens’ Gardens show a complex understanding of the intricate
practices constituting Victorian women’s lives and reveal the domestic
ideology of the time. In Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, Lady Audley’s
Secret by Mary Elizabeth Braddon and The Woman in White by Wilkie
Collins the reader is able to see the tensions of the era regarding the
Woman Question; in particular, the focus within these novels is on the
woman as working for or against the conservative principles of the
Victorian Era. The characters of Jane Eyre, Lucy Audley, and Marian
Halcombe work against the conventions of idealized femininity during
the Victorian era as described in the majority of the works of the time.

50. Let’s find the key issues:
The Victorian era was defined as a series of changes in regards to the
social, political and moral aspects of England during the nineteenth
century
Authors
The focus within these novels is on the woman as working for or
against the conservative principles of the Victorian Era.

51. Inhibitory Effects of Brazilian Propolis on Lipid
Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Cells
We here investigated the inhibitory effect of Brazilian propolis on
intracellular lipid accumulation. Seven ethanolic extracts of Brazilian
propolis were tested for their inhibitory effect on intracellular lipid
accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Among the seven Brazilian propolis, the
extracts AF-08 and AF-18 had inhibitory effects on intracellular lipid
accumulation. In particular, the Brazilian propolis AF-08 exhibited a
potential inhibitory effect on intracellular lipid accumulation.Thus,
these results suggest that the Brazilian propolis AF-08 contributes to
the prevention of metabolic syndrome. In addition, five known
triterpenoids were isolated from the Brazilian propolis AF-08:
betulonic acid, moronic acid, 3-oxo oleanolic acid, masticadienonic
acid, and anwnweizonic acid. Four of the triterpenoids exhibited an
inhibitory effect on intracellular lipid accumulation. Thus, these
triterpenoids may be important as antiobesity agents that inhibit the
metabolic syndrome

52. Let’s find the key issues:
We here investigated the inhibitory effect of Brazilian
propolis on intracellular lipid accumulation
Seven Brazilian propolis extracts were examinated
Results suggest that the Brazilian propolis AF-08
contributes to the prevention of metabolic syndrome
Four of the triterpenoids exhibited an inhibitory
effect on intracellular lipid accumulation.

53. Plant genetic engineering for biofuel
production: towards affordable
cellulosic ethanol
Biofuels provide a potential route to avoiding the global
political instability and environmental issues that arise from
reliance on petroleustarch m. Currently, most biofuel is in
the form of ethanol generated from or sugar, but this can
meet only a limited fraction of global fuel requirements.
Conversion of cellulosic biomass, which is both abundant
and renewable, is a promising alternative. However, the
cellulases and pretreatment processes involved are very
expensive. Genetically engineering plants to produce
cellulases and hemicellulases, and to reduce the need for
pretreatment processes through lignin modification, are
promising paths to solving this problem, together with other
strategies, such as increasing plant polysaccharide content
and overall biomass.

54. Research on Teaching and Teacher
Research: The Issues That Divide
 Neither interpretive nor process-product classroom research has foregrounded the
teacher's role in the generation of knowledge about teaching. What is missing from the
knowledge base for teaching, therefore, are the voices of the teachers themselves, the
questions teachers ask, the ways teachers use writing and intentional talk in their work
lives, and the interpretive frames teachers use to understand and improve their own
classroom practices. Limiting the official knowledge base for teaching to what academics
have chosen to study and write about has contributed to a number of problems, including
discontinuity between what is taught in universities and what is taught in classrooms,
teachers' ambivalence about the claims of academic research, and a general lack of
information about classroom life from a truly emic perspective. This article proposes that
teacher research has the potential to provide this perspective; however, several critical
issues divide teacher research from research on teaching and make it difficult for the
university-based community to acknowledge its potential. The article also proposes that in
order to encourage teacher research, the educational community will need to address
incentives for teachers, the creation and maintenance of supportive networks, the reform
of organizational patterns in schools, and the hierarchical power relationships that
characterize much of schooling.

55. Expanding Agribusiness: China and Brazil in
Ghanaian Agriculture
This article examines the extent, framing and
structure of Chinese and Brazilian investments in
Ghana. It outlines the changing political economy of
the agrarian sector, in the context of market
liberalisation and the rise of agribusiness. The
article examines the specificities of Chinese
agricultural investments in Ghana in relation to
wider investments and Chinese interests in the
country. It also examines Brazilian investments
within the Ghanaian agricultural sector in relation to
the expansion of Brazilian agribusiness and its
integration into the global economy. Finally, it
discusses the impact of these developments on
Ghanaian agriculture and society

56. Accounting Anomalies and Fundamental Analysis: A
Review of Recent Research Advances
This paper surveys recent research advances in the
areas of accounting anomalies fundamental analysis.
We use investor forecasting activity as an organizing
framework for the three main parts of our survey. The
first part of the survey highlights recent research
advances. The second part presents findings from a
questionnaire given to investment professionals and
academics on the topics of fundamental analysis and
anomalies research. The final part outlines several
new empirical techniques for evaluating accounting
anomalies and suggests directions for future research.

57. Choose an abstract to summarize
Main issue
Goals
Method
Results/ conclusion
Example: The abstract Accounting Anomalies and
Fundamental Analysis: A Review of Recent Research
Advances main issue is describe… the goals of the
work are… the method used to analyze the data are…
…
The results show…