The document discusses different network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree. It defines network topology as the layout of how computers or workstations are connected in a network. The main types of network topologies are then described in detail, outlining their basic structures and advantages and disadvantages of each design.

1. NETWORK
TOPOLOGY

2. NETWORK TOPOLOGY
The Topology of the network refers the way, computers or work
stations in the networks are linked together. Generally topology is
meant as the structure in which the network is laid out. According
to the physical arrangements of the work stations and the nature of
work, topology network can be divided into 5 types:-
I. Bus Topology
II. Ring Topology
III. Tree Topology
IV. Star Topology
V. Loop or Mesh Topology

3. BUS Topology:
In this topology, all the work stations are
connected to single communication line called “Bus”. The
transmission from any two station travels the length of the
bus in both the direction and can be received by all work
stations.
 Advantages -
1. If one station of the topology fails, it does affect
the entire system.
2. It is quite easy to use.
 Disadvantages -
1. Any Break in this topology is difficult to identify.
2. It is not suitable for the networks with heavy
traffic.

4. Node Node Node
Node Node
Fig : BUS Topology

5. STAR Topology;
In star topology, number of nodes are directly linked
to a central node. Any communication between stations on a star
LAN pass through the central node. There is a bi - directional
communication between various work stations. The central controls
all the activities of the node.
 Advantages : 1. It offers flexibility of adding or deleting of
work system.
2. Every computer has multiple possible
connections path to other computers.
 Disadvantages : 1. Signal travels through the Hub (Server
file) to all other computers, it requires
more cables.

6. Node
Node
File Server
Node
Node
Fig. : STAR Topology

7. RING Topology;
In a ring topology network, the computers are
connected in the form of closed network. A ring topology is a LAN
architecture that consists of a series of devices or work stations
connected to form a ring. Whenever the message is passed, the
message contains the information and the address of the node. This
network is fast and expensive.
1. Any signal transmitted on the network
passes through all the nodes.
2. Each computer has equal access to
resources.
 Disadvantages : 1. The breakdown of any one station on
the ring can disable the entire system.
 Advantages :

8. Node
Node
Node
Node
Fig. : RING Topology

9. MESH Topology :
In mesh topology network, evcery computer is
connected to each other. Meshes use significantly larger amount of
network cabling than to do other network topologies which makes it
more expensive.
 Advantages : 1. This topology is highly fault tolerant.
2. Every computer multiple possible
connections path to other computers.
 Disadvantages : 1. It is very complicate to design.
2. Maintenance of this topology is very
difficult.

10. Node
Node
Node
Node Node
Node
Fig. : MESH Topology

11. TREE Topology :
This topology integrates multiple star topologies
together onto a bus. It is also known ‘Hierarchical Topology’. It has a
central node which is connected to one or more nodes of higher
hierarchy. In this topology, nodes are connected in a tree structure and
messages are broadcast across the whole tree.
 Advantages : 1. If one segment is damaged, other segments
are not affected.
2. Expansion of network is possible an d easy.
 Disadvantages ; 1. As more and more segments are added,
the maintenance becomes difficult.

12. Node
Node Node
Node Node Node Node
Fig. : TREE Topology

13. A Presentation By:
Rohan Raj
(OURA12101048)