anatomy of neck and its medicolegal importance
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•1,105 views
The document discusses the anatomy of the neck and its medico-legal importance. It describes the compartments of the neck including the vertebral, visceral, and vascular compartments. It outlines the structures in the neck including muscles, blood vessels, nerves, glands like the thyroid, and bones like the hyoid bone. The document discusses neck injuries and their classifications, autopsy neck dissection technique, and findings associated with injuries like hanging, strangulation, and blunt force impact. It concludes with describing the relevant sections of law pertaining to injuries in the neck region.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Ppt of anatomy of neck & ML imp
This document provides an overview of neck anatomy and its medico-legal importance. It discusses the structures in the neck region including arteries, veins, nerves and more. It describes the fascia layers in the neck and divides the neck into 3 zones for assessing injury severity. Common causes of neck injuries like blunt force, penetrating injuries, hanging and strangulation are explained. Investigation procedures for neck injuries and dissection are outlined. The neck is a vulnerable region with many vital structures packed closely together, so even minor injuries can have serious consequences. A thorough understanding of neck anatomy is important for medico-legal evaluation of neck injuries.
Hyoid bone
The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone located in the neck superior to the larynx. It has a body and paired greater and lesser horns. It develops from cartilage and ossifies from multiple centers between ages 16-30 years. Muscles of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx attach to the hyoid bone. Fractures can occur due to strangulation or blows to the neck. Inward or lateral fractures displace the fragments medially, while outward fractures displace them laterally. CT scan is the best way to diagnose hyoid fractures which are important in cases of hanging or strangulation.
Asphyxial deaths
Asphyxia which means "Pulselessness" and is cause due to absence of oxygen amount in a body. The death cause by asphyxia is known as asphyxial deaths. They are Hanging, Strangulation, Suffocation and Drowning.
Skull fractures- forensic aspects MBsingh,S.Dhara,DrY.Hameed
Skull fractures can provide important forensic information about the cause and mechanism of injury. Simple or closed fractures involve only the bone while compound or open fractures communicate with the scalp or other tissues. The most common types are linear or fissured fractures, but depressed, elevated, comminuted, and perforating fractures can also occur. The location, direction, and features of fractures depend on factors like the area struck, force applied, age of the victim, and weapon used if any. Skull fractures carry risks of brain injury, hemorrhage, infection, and other complications. Forensic analysis of fracture patterns can help reconstruct the circumstances of injury.
Hanging, strangulation, Asphyxial death
1) Hanging is a type of asphyxial death caused by suspension of the body by a ligature around the neck. It can be suicidal, homicidal, judicial, or accidental.
2) In a complete hanging, the whole body weight is suspended and death is caused by asphyxia from tracheal compression. In a partial hanging, some part of the body touches the ground and death is caused by venous congestion.
3) Signs of hanging include a ligature mark, protrusion of the tongue, petechial hemorrhages on the face, ear hemorrhages, and internal injuries like carotid artery tears or hyoid bone fractures. These signs differ between homicidal and suicidal
Blunt force injuries
This document discusses various types of mechanical or physical injuries caused by blunt force, including abrasions, contusions, lacerations, and bruises. It provides classifications of injuries including based on causative factor (blunt force, sharp force, firearms, thermal, chemical), severity (simple, grievous, dangerous), and time of infliction (antemortem, postmortem, perimortem). Details are given on features, appearances, complications and medicolegal importance of specific injuries like abrasions, contusions, lacerations, and factors that affect bruise formation. The document also discusses concepts like patterned injuries, migratory bruises, and differences between ante- and postmortem injuries.
Head injury- Medicolegal aspect
scalp hematoma, skull fractures, Extradural hematoma, subdural Hematoma, subaraichnoid hematoma, coup and cont re coup injury, cereberal concussion, cereberal laceration, heat hematoma
identification
This document discusses methods of identifying living and dead individuals through forensic examination. It outlines primary identification characteristics like age, sex, and stature that can be determined through analysis of bones, teeth, and external features. Secondary identification methods include race, fingerprints, dental patterns, and personal effects. Specific techniques are described like anthropometry, which uses body measurements, and superimposition to aid identification. The document emphasizes the importance of identification for legal purposes such as investigations and claims.
Recommended
Ppt of anatomy of neck & ML imp
This document provides an overview of neck anatomy and its medico-legal importance. It discusses the structures in the neck region including arteries, veins, nerves and more. It describes the fascia layers in the neck and divides the neck into 3 zones for assessing injury severity. Common causes of neck injuries like blunt force, penetrating injuries, hanging and strangulation are explained. Investigation procedures for neck injuries and dissection are outlined. The neck is a vulnerable region with many vital structures packed closely together, so even minor injuries can have serious consequences. A thorough understanding of neck anatomy is important for medico-legal evaluation of neck injuries.
Hyoid bone
The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone located in the neck superior to the larynx. It has a body and paired greater and lesser horns. It develops from cartilage and ossifies from multiple centers between ages 16-30 years. Muscles of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx attach to the hyoid bone. Fractures can occur due to strangulation or blows to the neck. Inward or lateral fractures displace the fragments medially, while outward fractures displace them laterally. CT scan is the best way to diagnose hyoid fractures which are important in cases of hanging or strangulation.
Asphyxial deaths
Asphyxia which means "Pulselessness" and is cause due to absence of oxygen amount in a body. The death cause by asphyxia is known as asphyxial deaths. They are Hanging, Strangulation, Suffocation and Drowning.
Skull fractures- forensic aspects MBsingh,S.Dhara,DrY.Hameed
Skull fractures can provide important forensic information about the cause and mechanism of injury. Simple or closed fractures involve only the bone while compound or open fractures communicate with the scalp or other tissues. The most common types are linear or fissured fractures, but depressed, elevated, comminuted, and perforating fractures can also occur. The location, direction, and features of fractures depend on factors like the area struck, force applied, age of the victim, and weapon used if any. Skull fractures carry risks of brain injury, hemorrhage, infection, and other complications. Forensic analysis of fracture patterns can help reconstruct the circumstances of injury.
Hanging, strangulation, Asphyxial death
1) Hanging is a type of asphyxial death caused by suspension of the body by a ligature around the neck. It can be suicidal, homicidal, judicial, or accidental.
2) In a complete hanging, the whole body weight is suspended and death is caused by asphyxia from tracheal compression. In a partial hanging, some part of the body touches the ground and death is caused by venous congestion.
3) Signs of hanging include a ligature mark, protrusion of the tongue, petechial hemorrhages on the face, ear hemorrhages, and internal injuries like carotid artery tears or hyoid bone fractures. These signs differ between homicidal and suicidal
Blunt force injuries
This document discusses various types of mechanical or physical injuries caused by blunt force, including abrasions, contusions, lacerations, and bruises. It provides classifications of injuries including based on causative factor (blunt force, sharp force, firearms, thermal, chemical), severity (simple, grievous, dangerous), and time of infliction (antemortem, postmortem, perimortem). Details are given on features, appearances, complications and medicolegal importance of specific injuries like abrasions, contusions, lacerations, and factors that affect bruise formation. The document also discusses concepts like patterned injuries, migratory bruises, and differences between ante- and postmortem injuries.
Head injury- Medicolegal aspect
scalp hematoma, skull fractures, Extradural hematoma, subdural Hematoma, subaraichnoid hematoma, coup and cont re coup injury, cereberal concussion, cereberal laceration, heat hematoma
identification
This document discusses methods of identifying living and dead individuals through forensic examination. It outlines primary identification characteristics like age, sex, and stature that can be determined through analysis of bones, teeth, and external features. Secondary identification methods include race, fingerprints, dental patterns, and personal effects. Specific techniques are described like anthropometry, which uses body measurements, and superimposition to aid identification. The document emphasizes the importance of identification for legal purposes such as investigations and claims.
Regional injury
Head injuries can occur from traffic accidents, assaults, or falls. They range from simple injuries with no brain involvement to serious injuries affecting the brain. Key types include closed head injuries where the dura remains intact and open head injuries where it is lacerated. Injuries can involve the scalp, skull, or brain. Scalp injuries include bruising, lacerations, and infections. Skull fractures vary in severity from hairline fractures to depressed fractures. Brain injuries include concussions, contusions, lacerations, and hemorrhages like epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, or intracerebral hemorrhages. Coup injuries occur under the impact site while contre coup injuries are on
mi_incised_wound.ppt
An incised wound is a clean cut caused by a sharp edged weapon. It is longer than deep. The margins are clean cut and well defined. Width is greater than blade thickness due to tissue retraction. Length is greater than width and depth. Shape is spindle-like due to greater retraction at the center. Direction can be determined by tailing at the end and beveling if the blade entered obliquely. Healing occurs by primary intention within a week. Medico-legally, incised wounds can indicate the weapon, age of injury, direction of force, and whether it was suicide, accident, or homicide.
Head injuries
A 56-year-old male was found dead at the bottom of his home stairs with a small forehead wound. Police found alcohol bottles nearby. An autopsy was requested. The document discusses mechanisms of head injuries like focal damage from lacerations or skull fractures. It describes types of intracranial hematomas from blunt trauma, and diffuse brain injuries like axonal shearing. Autopsy findings of injuries and timing are important to determine cause and manner of death in these cases.
Tatto Marks (Forensic Medicine) by Dr. Pawan
This document provides information about tattoos, including their history, types, techniques, and forensic importance. It notes that tattoos have been practiced since ancient times, with the first known tattoo dating back 4,000 BC. It describes different types like traumatic, amateur, professional, cosmetic, and medical tattoos. Techniques for applying tattoos as well as removing them are outlined. Tattoos can be forensically important for identifying individuals or providing clues about religion, culture, criminal affiliations, and medical conditions. A case example is given where a tattoo helped identify a victim's severed arm found inside a shark.
Mechanical asphyxia 1
Mechanical asphyxia can occur through various means that mechanically block the air passage, such as hanging, strangulation, smothering, choking, drowning, or external compression. Hanging is a type of mechanical asphyxia where the body is suspended by a ligature around the neck. Causes of death by hanging include occlusion of the airway, jugular veins, or carotid arteries. External signs include a ligature mark on the neck, a stretched and elongated neck, salivary dribble, a swollen face with protruding tongue and eyes, and bluish discoloration of the lips, tongue, and nails.
Asphyxial death
Dr. Hammad's document discusses asphyxial deaths and their classification. It covers various types of asphyxia including mechanical asphyxia caused by suffocation, hanging, and strangulation. Autopsy findings for each type are described, such as ligature marks and petechial hemorrhages. Causes of death include anoxic anoxia and reflex cardiac arrest. Homicidal, accidental, and suicidal cases are addressed. Drowning is also discussed, distinguishing between wet and dry types. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of classifications, mechanisms, autopsy findings, and medicolegal aspects of asphyxial deaths.
History of forensic medicine
legal history , forensic medicine history, forensic science history , mummification , history of autopsy, history of toxicology, history of law,
Fire arm injury 3
This document summarizes key information about gunshot wounds, including:
1. Gunshots can produce entry and exit wounds. Entry wounds show characteristics from gases, flames, and particles exiting the muzzle, while exit wounds lack these features.
2. The appearance of entry wounds depends on factors like weapon type, ammunition, striking velocity, and distance from the muzzle. Close-range shots exhibit burning, tattooing, and other effects not seen at longer ranges.
3. Rifle and shotgun wounds present differently. Rifles produce single entry holes while shotguns can cause a "rat-hole" wound from multiple pellets merging at close range.
4. Exit wounds are often larger, more
Examination of bone in general
This document provides an overview of examining bones for medicolegal purposes. It discusses identifying whether a bone is human, determining characteristics like age, sex and stature. Tools used in examination include microscopy, X-rays and DNA analysis. The medicolegal importance is identification of victims and determining cause and manner of death. Proper documentation of where bones are recovered is important for the examination.
Postmortem artefcts
This document discusses various types of artefacts that may be observed during a post-mortem examination and could be misinterpreted. It defines an artefact as something not naturally present but introduced after death. Artefacts are classified as: 1) due to resuscitation measures 2) occurring between death and autopsy 3) due to pre-mortem injuries or lesions 4) developing during the autopsy. Examples of artefacts from resuscitation include rib fractures from CPR and laryngeal injuries from intubation. Artefacts between death and autopsy include regurgitation, hypostasis, and embalming changes. Differentiating post-mortem from ante-mortem injuries is also discussed.
Post mortem examination(autopsy)
This document discusses the process and objectives of a post-mortem or autopsy examination. It describes the external and internal examination of the body to determine the cause and manner of death. The external examination involves inspecting the body for injuries, marks, signs of death. The internal examination involves opening the cranial, thoracic and abdominal cavities and examining the organs and tissues for any abnormalities, injuries, or diseases. Samples may be taken for further analysis. The goal is to establish the identity of the deceased and determine if death was natural, accidental, suicidal or homicidal.
Sudden death
it's a common problem in our world so we must know sth about these things at least to have some ideas
Judicial hanging
Judicial hanging involves placing a noose around a person's neck and dropping them through a platform, causing a fracture of the cervical vertebrae and spinal cord damage. The key steps are covering the person's face with a mask, placing them on a drop platform, looping a rope with a knot under the jaw, and pulling a lever to drop the person an appropriate distance based on their body type to break the neck. Death occurs from damage to the spinal cord or brain stem, though the heart may continue beating for 15 to 20 minutes and muscle jerking may occur.
MECHANICAL INJURIES
This document discusses mechanical injuries, including abrasions, contusions, lacerations, and other types of wounds. It provides details on the characteristics and features of each type of injury, as well as factors that influence the nature and extent of wounds. Mechanical injuries are caused by physical forces that result in tissue damage. The summary examines the key types of mechanical injuries and their forensic significance in determining cause and manner of injuries.
Sudden death.. Thanatology part 2
The document summarizes the leading causes of sudden death. It lists that 50% of sudden deaths are caused by cardiovascular system issues like coronary artery disease and valve problems. Respiratory system issues account for 15-23% of sudden deaths, including pulmonary embolism and pneumonia. Central nervous system issues cause 10-18% of sudden deaths, such as hemorrhaging and seizures. Gastrointestinal system problems are responsible for 6-8% of sudden deaths, including bleeding ulcers. Genitourinary issues and miscellaneous other causes each account for 3-5% to 5-10% of sudden deaths respectively.
Determination of time since death/ postmortem time interval
1. Several post-mortem changes can help estimate time since death, including algor mortis (body cooling), rigor mortis (muscle stiffening), livor mortis (post-mortem lividity), and decomposition.
2. Changes also occur in the skin, eyes, and internal organs after death. Pupil dilation occurs initially but contractions occur with rigor mortis. The vitreous potassium level rises and can indicate time since death.
3. Insect evidence, including the development of blowfly larvae, can help estimate minimum post-mortem interval based on temperature-dependent insect life cycles.
Superimposition
This document discusses two techniques used in forensic identification: skull superimposition and Identikit facial composites. Skull superimposition involves placing a post-mortem skull record over an antemortem photograph to compare anatomical landmarks for identification. It has evolved from photographic to video superimposition. Identikit uses a composite artist to create a graphical representation of a face described by an eyewitness that can then be used in a wanted poster or as evidence against a suspect. Both techniques aim to aid in forensic identification.
Section 320 ---- ipc
This document is a power point presentation by Dr. Sangeeta Chowdhry and Dr. Sunil Sharma from the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology at Government Medical College Jammu about Section 320 of the Indian Penal Code defining grievous hurt. It lists the eight kinds of hurt designated as grievous, including emasculation, permanent loss of sight or hearing, deprivation of any limb or joint, destruction or impairment of powers of any limb or joint, permanent disfigurement of the head or face, fracture or dislocation of any bone or tooth, and any hurt that endangers life or causes severe bodily pain or inability to pursue ordinary activities for 20 days.
Vitriolage acid atack
Vitriolage refers to acid attacks where corrosive chemicals like sulfuric acid are thrown on victims with the intention to disfigure or kill them. The chemicals severely burn the skin, often melting it and exposing or dissolving bones. Long term consequences of attacks include blindness, permanent scarring, and psychological and social difficulties. The damage caused by acids is extensive and largely irreparable, destroying tissue, blood vessels, and preventing normal appearance even with reconstructive surgery. Treatment focuses on immediate washing and application of alkaline pastes to neutralize acids, along with antibiotics to prevent infection and potential skin grafts.
Throttling, Choking and environmental asphyxia
Throttling, also known as manual strangulation, involves constricting the neck of a person with one or both hands. It is a type of homicidal strangulation that cannot be self-inflicted and often occurs following sexual assault. There are three mechanisms by which throttling can cause death: cerebral anoxia, reflex cardiac asystole, and asphyxia. Specific findings during autopsy may include skin bruises and nail marks on the front and sides of the neck as well as internal bruising of the laryngeal soft tissues.
Neck truma
Hard signs:
- Arterial hemorrhage
- Expanding hematoma
- Decreased level of consciousness
- Neurological deficit
- Respiratory distress or failure
- Pneumothorax or hemothorax
Soft signs:
- Pain with swallowing or neck motion
- Ecchymosis of the neck
- Crepitus
- Subcutaneous emphysema
Anatomy of head and neck
This document provides an overview of the anatomical structures of the neck. It discusses the layers of the neck including skin, fascia and muscles. It describes the boundaries and contents of the neck triangles, including arteries, veins, nerves and glands. Key structures like the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage are examined in detail. The document emphasizes applied anatomy concepts like the spread of neck infections.
More Related Content
What's hot
Regional injury
Head injuries can occur from traffic accidents, assaults, or falls. They range from simple injuries with no brain involvement to serious injuries affecting the brain. Key types include closed head injuries where the dura remains intact and open head injuries where it is lacerated. Injuries can involve the scalp, skull, or brain. Scalp injuries include bruising, lacerations, and infections. Skull fractures vary in severity from hairline fractures to depressed fractures. Brain injuries include concussions, contusions, lacerations, and hemorrhages like epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, or intracerebral hemorrhages. Coup injuries occur under the impact site while contre coup injuries are on
mi_incised_wound.ppt
An incised wound is a clean cut caused by a sharp edged weapon. It is longer than deep. The margins are clean cut and well defined. Width is greater than blade thickness due to tissue retraction. Length is greater than width and depth. Shape is spindle-like due to greater retraction at the center. Direction can be determined by tailing at the end and beveling if the blade entered obliquely. Healing occurs by primary intention within a week. Medico-legally, incised wounds can indicate the weapon, age of injury, direction of force, and whether it was suicide, accident, or homicide.
Head injuries
A 56-year-old male was found dead at the bottom of his home stairs with a small forehead wound. Police found alcohol bottles nearby. An autopsy was requested. The document discusses mechanisms of head injuries like focal damage from lacerations or skull fractures. It describes types of intracranial hematomas from blunt trauma, and diffuse brain injuries like axonal shearing. Autopsy findings of injuries and timing are important to determine cause and manner of death in these cases.
Tatto Marks (Forensic Medicine) by Dr. Pawan
This document provides information about tattoos, including their history, types, techniques, and forensic importance. It notes that tattoos have been practiced since ancient times, with the first known tattoo dating back 4,000 BC. It describes different types like traumatic, amateur, professional, cosmetic, and medical tattoos. Techniques for applying tattoos as well as removing them are outlined. Tattoos can be forensically important for identifying individuals or providing clues about religion, culture, criminal affiliations, and medical conditions. A case example is given where a tattoo helped identify a victim's severed arm found inside a shark.
Mechanical asphyxia 1
Mechanical asphyxia can occur through various means that mechanically block the air passage, such as hanging, strangulation, smothering, choking, drowning, or external compression. Hanging is a type of mechanical asphyxia where the body is suspended by a ligature around the neck. Causes of death by hanging include occlusion of the airway, jugular veins, or carotid arteries. External signs include a ligature mark on the neck, a stretched and elongated neck, salivary dribble, a swollen face with protruding tongue and eyes, and bluish discoloration of the lips, tongue, and nails.
Asphyxial death
Dr. Hammad's document discusses asphyxial deaths and their classification. It covers various types of asphyxia including mechanical asphyxia caused by suffocation, hanging, and strangulation. Autopsy findings for each type are described, such as ligature marks and petechial hemorrhages. Causes of death include anoxic anoxia and reflex cardiac arrest. Homicidal, accidental, and suicidal cases are addressed. Drowning is also discussed, distinguishing between wet and dry types. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of classifications, mechanisms, autopsy findings, and medicolegal aspects of asphyxial deaths.
History of forensic medicine
legal history , forensic medicine history, forensic science history , mummification , history of autopsy, history of toxicology, history of law,
Fire arm injury 3
This document summarizes key information about gunshot wounds, including:
1. Gunshots can produce entry and exit wounds. Entry wounds show characteristics from gases, flames, and particles exiting the muzzle, while exit wounds lack these features.
2. The appearance of entry wounds depends on factors like weapon type, ammunition, striking velocity, and distance from the muzzle. Close-range shots exhibit burning, tattooing, and other effects not seen at longer ranges.
3. Rifle and shotgun wounds present differently. Rifles produce single entry holes while shotguns can cause a "rat-hole" wound from multiple pellets merging at close range.
4. Exit wounds are often larger, more
Examination of bone in general
This document provides an overview of examining bones for medicolegal purposes. It discusses identifying whether a bone is human, determining characteristics like age, sex and stature. Tools used in examination include microscopy, X-rays and DNA analysis. The medicolegal importance is identification of victims and determining cause and manner of death. Proper documentation of where bones are recovered is important for the examination.
Postmortem artefcts
This document discusses various types of artefacts that may be observed during a post-mortem examination and could be misinterpreted. It defines an artefact as something not naturally present but introduced after death. Artefacts are classified as: 1) due to resuscitation measures 2) occurring between death and autopsy 3) due to pre-mortem injuries or lesions 4) developing during the autopsy. Examples of artefacts from resuscitation include rib fractures from CPR and laryngeal injuries from intubation. Artefacts between death and autopsy include regurgitation, hypostasis, and embalming changes. Differentiating post-mortem from ante-mortem injuries is also discussed.
Post mortem examination(autopsy)
This document discusses the process and objectives of a post-mortem or autopsy examination. It describes the external and internal examination of the body to determine the cause and manner of death. The external examination involves inspecting the body for injuries, marks, signs of death. The internal examination involves opening the cranial, thoracic and abdominal cavities and examining the organs and tissues for any abnormalities, injuries, or diseases. Samples may be taken for further analysis. The goal is to establish the identity of the deceased and determine if death was natural, accidental, suicidal or homicidal.
Sudden death
it's a common problem in our world so we must know sth about these things at least to have some ideas
Judicial hanging
Judicial hanging involves placing a noose around a person's neck and dropping them through a platform, causing a fracture of the cervical vertebrae and spinal cord damage. The key steps are covering the person's face with a mask, placing them on a drop platform, looping a rope with a knot under the jaw, and pulling a lever to drop the person an appropriate distance based on their body type to break the neck. Death occurs from damage to the spinal cord or brain stem, though the heart may continue beating for 15 to 20 minutes and muscle jerking may occur.
MECHANICAL INJURIES
This document discusses mechanical injuries, including abrasions, contusions, lacerations, and other types of wounds. It provides details on the characteristics and features of each type of injury, as well as factors that influence the nature and extent of wounds. Mechanical injuries are caused by physical forces that result in tissue damage. The summary examines the key types of mechanical injuries and their forensic significance in determining cause and manner of injuries.
Sudden death.. Thanatology part 2
The document summarizes the leading causes of sudden death. It lists that 50% of sudden deaths are caused by cardiovascular system issues like coronary artery disease and valve problems. Respiratory system issues account for 15-23% of sudden deaths, including pulmonary embolism and pneumonia. Central nervous system issues cause 10-18% of sudden deaths, such as hemorrhaging and seizures. Gastrointestinal system problems are responsible for 6-8% of sudden deaths, including bleeding ulcers. Genitourinary issues and miscellaneous other causes each account for 3-5% to 5-10% of sudden deaths respectively.
Determination of time since death/ postmortem time interval
1. Several post-mortem changes can help estimate time since death, including algor mortis (body cooling), rigor mortis (muscle stiffening), livor mortis (post-mortem lividity), and decomposition.
2. Changes also occur in the skin, eyes, and internal organs after death. Pupil dilation occurs initially but contractions occur with rigor mortis. The vitreous potassium level rises and can indicate time since death.
3. Insect evidence, including the development of blowfly larvae, can help estimate minimum post-mortem interval based on temperature-dependent insect life cycles.
Superimposition
This document discusses two techniques used in forensic identification: skull superimposition and Identikit facial composites. Skull superimposition involves placing a post-mortem skull record over an antemortem photograph to compare anatomical landmarks for identification. It has evolved from photographic to video superimposition. Identikit uses a composite artist to create a graphical representation of a face described by an eyewitness that can then be used in a wanted poster or as evidence against a suspect. Both techniques aim to aid in forensic identification.
Section 320 ---- ipc
This document is a power point presentation by Dr. Sangeeta Chowdhry and Dr. Sunil Sharma from the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology at Government Medical College Jammu about Section 320 of the Indian Penal Code defining grievous hurt. It lists the eight kinds of hurt designated as grievous, including emasculation, permanent loss of sight or hearing, deprivation of any limb or joint, destruction or impairment of powers of any limb or joint, permanent disfigurement of the head or face, fracture or dislocation of any bone or tooth, and any hurt that endangers life or causes severe bodily pain or inability to pursue ordinary activities for 20 days.
Vitriolage acid atack
Vitriolage refers to acid attacks where corrosive chemicals like sulfuric acid are thrown on victims with the intention to disfigure or kill them. The chemicals severely burn the skin, often melting it and exposing or dissolving bones. Long term consequences of attacks include blindness, permanent scarring, and psychological and social difficulties. The damage caused by acids is extensive and largely irreparable, destroying tissue, blood vessels, and preventing normal appearance even with reconstructive surgery. Treatment focuses on immediate washing and application of alkaline pastes to neutralize acids, along with antibiotics to prevent infection and potential skin grafts.
Throttling, Choking and environmental asphyxia
Throttling, also known as manual strangulation, involves constricting the neck of a person with one or both hands. It is a type of homicidal strangulation that cannot be self-inflicted and often occurs following sexual assault. There are three mechanisms by which throttling can cause death: cerebral anoxia, reflex cardiac asystole, and asphyxia. Specific findings during autopsy may include skin bruises and nail marks on the front and sides of the neck as well as internal bruising of the laryngeal soft tissues.
What's hot (20)
Determination of time since death/ postmortem time interval
Determination of time since death/ postmortem time interval
Similar to anatomy of neck and its medicolegal importance
Neck truma
Hard signs:
- Arterial hemorrhage
- Expanding hematoma
- Decreased level of consciousness
- Neurological deficit
- Respiratory distress or failure
- Pneumothorax or hemothorax
Soft signs:
- Pain with swallowing or neck motion
- Ecchymosis of the neck
- Crepitus
- Subcutaneous emphysema
Anatomy of head and neck
This document provides an overview of the anatomical structures of the neck. It discusses the layers of the neck including skin, fascia and muscles. It describes the boundaries and contents of the neck triangles, including arteries, veins, nerves and glands. Key structures like the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage are examined in detail. The document emphasizes applied anatomy concepts like the spread of neck infections.
Anatomy of larynx
The document summarizes key aspects of larynx anatomy. It discusses:
1) The larynx functions to protect the lower respiratory tract, provide a controlled airway, and enable phonation, coughing, and lifting.
2) It consists of cartilages including the thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis, and arytenoid cartilages joined by membranes and ligaments.
3) Intrinsic muscles control the laryngeal inlet and vocal cord movements to modulate phonation, respiration, and protection of the airway.
NECK anatomy muscles with clinical anatomy.pdf
The document discusses the clinical anatomy of the neck. It begins by describing the structures located in the neck that allow for thinking, speaking, seeing, hearing, tasting, and smelling. It then discusses the cervical spine, fascial compartments of the neck including the carotid sheath, tissue spaces of the neck including the prevertebral space, and triangles of the neck including the anterior and posterior triangles. It also summarizes key structures in the neck including the thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, trachea, great vessels, and cervical sympathetic trunk.
Deepfasciaofneck by dr.meher
The document discusses the deep fascia of the neck, including its boundaries and layers. It notes that the deep fascia is composed of three layers - the investing layer, pretracheal layer, and prevertebral layer. These layers surround and help compartmentalize the structures of the neck. The document also discusses the spaces that can form around the neck between the fascial layers, including the retropharyngeal space and parapharyngeal spaces.
Deepfasciaofneck by dr.meher
The document discusses the deep fascia of the neck, which compartmentalizes the structures in the neck into four major fascial compartments. The deep fascia consists of three layers - the investing layer, pretracheal layer, and prevertebral layer. The investing layer surrounds the neck, while the pretracheal layer encloses the infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus. The prevertebral layer forms a sheath for the vertebral column and associated deep cervical muscles. Between these layers are the neurovascular compartments containing the carotid arteries, internal jugular veins, vagus nerves and deep cervical lymph nodes.
Triangles of Neck.pptx
The triangles of the neck are bounded by neck muscles and divided by the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The anterior triangle contains structures like the thyroid gland and carotid artery. The posterior triangle contains the brachial plexus and subclavian artery. Knowledge of the neck triangles is important for procedures like evaluating jugular venous pressure, palpating carotid pulses, and performing emergency cricothyroidotomy access to the airway.
anatomy of larynx by ravindra daggupati
The larynx houses the vocal cords and protects the entrance to the lower respiratory tract. It develops from the foregut in the 4th week of gestation. The larynx is made up of cartilage, including the thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages. It attaches to the hyoid bone and contains intrinsic muscles. The larynx has supraglottic, glottic, and subglottic regions and differs in infants due to smaller size and shape. The document provides details on the anatomy, development, features and surgical considerations of the larynx.
ANATOMY OF LARYNX
The document provides details on the anatomy and development of the larynx. It discusses the key cartilages that make up the laryngeal skeleton, including the thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate and epiglottic cartilages. It also describes the role of the hyoid bone in suspending the larynx and providing attachment points for muscles. The larynx forms from swellings in the branchial arches during early gestation and continues developing through differentiation of cartilage and tissues.
Neck swelling
The document discusses the anatomy and triangles of the neck, describing boundaries, contents, and clinical significance. It also covers common neck masses including cysts, sinuses, fistulas, ulcers, tumors, and infections. Lymphatic drainage is described for deep cervical nodes along vertical and circular chains.
Anatomy of spine for spinal anaesthesia
The vertebral column consists of 33 vertebrae that provide structural support, protect the spinal cord, and allow mobility. Each vertebra is composed of a vertebral body, processes, and joints that connect to adjacent vertebrae. The spinal cord runs through the vertebral column and is segmented into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions. Surrounding structures include the ligaments, discs, dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater, epidural space, and subarachnoid space. Knowledge of the vertebral column's anatomy is essential for performing spinal and epidural procedures safely and effectively.
Flail chest
Flail chest is a serious chest wall injury defined by fractures in at least 3 ribs in two locations, creating a detached rib segment that moves in paradoxically during breathing. This disrupts respiration and causes pain. Diagnosis is by clinical exam and chest x-ray showing fractures. Management focuses on pain control, splinting the chest, treating associated injuries like pneumothorax, and mechanical ventilation if needed. Physiotherapy during recovery aims to rebuild strength. Mortality rates are 10-25% depending on severity of injuries. Surgical fixation can be considered but is usually not necessary.
10. triangles of neck, tmj & applied anatomy[1]
The temporomandibular joint consists of anterior and posterior triangles. The anterior triangle includes the digastric, submental, carotid, and muscular triangles. The posterior triangle includes the occipital and supraclavicular triangles. The temporomandibular joint is a synovial joint that connects the mandible to the temporal bone. It allows hinge-like opening and closing of the mouth as well as gliding movements, facilitated by muscles of mastication.
larynx anatomy.pptx
The Larynx: Anatomy, Function, and Disorders
Introduction
The larynx, commonly known as the voice box, is a vital structure in the human body responsible for a multitude of functions, the most prominent of which is voice production. This complex organ plays a crucial role in breathing, swallowing, and protecting the airway. Understanding the anatomy, function, and common disorders of the larynx is essential for grasping its significance in our daily lives. In this comprehensive 2000-word essay, we will explore the larynx in detail, delving into its anatomy, function, the mechanics of voice production, common laryngeal disorders, and their treatment.
I. Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx is a complex structure located in the neck, connecting the lower part of the pharynx to the trachea. It comprises several cartilages, muscles, ligaments, and other anatomical components that work together to facilitate various functions. To understand the larynx better, it is crucial to break down its anatomy into its constituent parts.
Cartilages
A. Thyroid Cartilage: The thyroid cartilage, often referred to as the Adam's apple, is the most prominent and easily palpable cartilage of the larynx. It is made up of two fused plates and provides structural support to the front of the larynx.
B. Cricoid Cartilage: The cricoid cartilage is a ring-like structure that sits just below the thyroid cartilage. It plays a crucial role in connecting the larynx to the trachea and provides structural support.
C. Epiglottis: The epiglottis is a leaf-shaped cartilage located behind the tongue root. It acts as a lid to cover the entrance of the trachea during swallowing, preventing food and liquids from entering the airway.
D. Arytenoid Cartilages: These paired cartilages are located on top of the cricoid cartilage. They play a pivotal role in controlling vocal cord tension and movement.
E. Corniculate and Cuneiform Cartilages: These smaller cartilages are positioned within the aryepiglottic folds and aid in maintaining the laryngeal structure.
Muscles
A. Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles: These muscles are responsible for controlling the position and tension of the vocal cords. Key intrinsic muscles include the cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, and interarytenoid muscles.
B. Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles: Extrinsic muscles are responsible for moving the larynx as a whole, helping with functions such as swallowing and speech. The sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and omohyoid muscles are examples of extrinsic laryngeal muscles.
Vocal Cords
The vocal cords, or vocal folds, are a pair of muscular structures located within the larynx. They are composed of layers of mucous membrane, muscle, and connective tissue. The true vocal cords, also known as the vocal ligaments, are the structures primarily responsible for sound production. They are capable of opening and closing rapidly to produce sound when air flows through them.
Surgical anatomy of the neck
This document provides an overview of the surgical anatomy of the neck, including:
1. The developmental anatomy of the neck structures derived from the pharyngeal arches.
2. The surface anatomy landmarks of the neck that can be palpated, including bones, muscles, vessels and glands.
3. The fascial layers of the neck, including the superficial cervical fascia, and three layers of the deep cervical fascia - the superficial investing layer, carotid sheath, and deep prevertebral layer.
4. The triangles used to compartmentalize the neck structures, including the anterior, posterior, and other subdivisions.
anaesthesia.Airway evaluation and management.(dr.ameer)
The document provides an overview of airway anatomy, evaluation, and management techniques. It discusses the relevant anatomy, components of an airway exam, principles of mask ventilation and intubation. Key areas covered include the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, airway assessment process, common airway devices like oral/nasal airways and laryngeal mask airways, indications for intubation, potential complications, and differences between orotracheal and nasotracheal intubation.
anaesthesia.Airway evaluation and management.(dr.amr)
The document provides an overview of airway anatomy, evaluation, and management techniques. It discusses the relevant anatomy, components of a preoperative airway exam, various airway devices including masks, laryngeal mask airways and endotracheal tubes, indications for different intubation techniques, potential complications, and oxygen therapy options.
Deep fascia of Neck
introduction of neck and boundaries of neck , superficial fascia and structures present with in it, deep cervical fascia types and most importantly spaces with in it mainly about Retro-pharyngeal spaces and applied anatomy along with incision markings.
Neck dissections
This document discusses the anatomy and history of neck dissections for cancer treatment. It describes the levels and boundaries of cervical lymph nodes, from levels Ia to Vb. Landmarks for identifying structures like the hypoglossal nerve and spinal accessory nerve are provided. The development of neck dissection classifications like the radical and functional neck dissection is summarized.
TRIANGLES OF NECK & APPLIED ANATOMY.pptx
Read In detail about the surgical anatomy and applied anatomy of triangles of neck from department of oral and maxillofacial surgery department , Chennai , india , asian continent , surgical ligations and level of lymph nodes described shortly
Similar to anatomy of neck and its medicolegal importance (20)
anaesthesia.Airway evaluation and management.(dr.ameer)
anaesthesia.Airway evaluation and management.(dr.ameer)
anaesthesia.Airway evaluation and management.(dr.amr)
anaesthesia.Airway evaluation and management.(dr.amr)
More from Nafeeyabano
Hyoid bone journal
The document summarizes a study on age-related changes in the hyoid bone based on an autopsy and radiological analysis. The study involved dissecting and radiographing the hyoid bones of 75 cadavers aged 17-65 years. The bones were graded based on the stage of fusion and statistical analysis was used to analyze age-related patterns. The results found no significant correlation between fusion stage and age or sex differences. Comparison is made to other studies on hyoid bone fusion. The conclusion is that radiological examination in autopsies can help analyze cases involving neck injuries and the hyoid bone may aid in identification of skeletal remains.
Journal club.pptx
This document summarizes a review on drugs commonly used to facilitate sexual assault. It discusses drugs like ethanol, benzodiazepines, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, and ketamine. It outlines their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, effects of intoxication, detection in samples, and challenges in investigating drug-facilitated sexual assault cases due to short drug detection windows and amnesia experienced by victims. Sample collection and storage timelines are provided for urine, blood, and hair samples used in toxicological analysis to detect ingestion of date rape drugs.
legal and ethical aspects of organ donation.pptx
This document summarizes the legal and ethical aspects of organ donation and transplantation in India. It outlines the laws governing living and deceased organ donation, including who can donate organs and the role of authorization committees in approving donations. Key aspects of the laws include requirements for determining brain death, consent from families, and prohibiting organ sale to prevent exploitation. While the laws aim to promote ethical donation and save lives, challenges remain such as addressing the needs of living donors and preventing commercial trade of organs.
Medicolegal Examination In Case Of Attempted Throttling.pptx
This document summarizes the process and findings of a medicolegal examination in a case of attempted throttling. It describes throttling as manual strangulation by compression of the neck with human hands, which can cause death through occlusion of carotid arteries or vagal inhibition. Postmortem investigations may reveal bruising and abrasions on the neck, as well as internal injuries like bruising of neck structures, fractures of hyoid bone or laryngeal cartilage. The manner of death is usually homicide, though accidental cases are rare. Autopsy and scene investigations are important to determine injuries and reconstruct the incident.
GUN POWDER
Gunpowder, also known as black powder, is an explosive mixture of sulfur, charcoal and potassium nitrate that was invented in China in the 9th century and later spread worldwide. It functions as a propellant by producing hot gases when ignited, and was widely used in firearms until being replaced by smokeless powder in the late 19th century. Traces of gunpowder residues can be detected on the hands and clothing of someone who fires a gun through various chemical tests and analytical techniques like atomic absorption spectroscopy. Finding these residues is an indicator that the person discharged a firearm. Unburnt gunpowder residues can also penetrate the skin and cause tattooing injuries.
Mallory weiss syndrome
Mallory Weiss Syndrome is caused by longitudinal tears in the mucosa at the gastroesophageal junction due to forceful vomiting or retching. This results in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Risk factors include procedures that increase intra-abdominal pressure. Histopathology shows a longitudinal breach of the mucosa extending into the submucosa with hemorrhage. Autopsy findings may reveal an esophageal tear and effusion of blood at the site. Mallory Weiss Syndrome has medicolegal importance as an unexpected cause of death from fatal exsanguination.
Thromboembolism
This document discusses various types of thromboembolism including definitions, pathogenesis, and histopathology findings. It covers topics such as normal hemostasis, thrombosis (arterial and venous), embolism (types like thromboembolism, fat, amniotic fluid), and complications. Specific conditions discussed include pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and fat, amniotic fluid, and cholesterol embolism. Gross and microscopic pathology photos are also presented.
Rights of unborn child
The document discusses the rights of the unborn child under Indian law. It outlines that various Indian acts such as the Limitation Act, the Indian Succession Act, the Hindu Succession Act, and the Transfer of Property Act provide rights and protections to unborn children. The Constitution also grants the right to life to unborn children under Article 21. The Indian Penal Code criminalizes causing miscarriage or death of an unborn child. While the law recognizes rights of unborn children, it also must consider issues around abortion and the rights of the mother.
Forensic Odontology
This study aimed to establish victim identification using dental restorative materials even after extreme heat exposure. Various dental materials including composites, glass ionomers, amalgam, zirconia crowns, and metal crowns were analyzed after being heated to 900°C for 30 minutes using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. The materials' elemental compositions were detectable after burning, allowing identification of material type and sometimes brand. This approach was useful for identifying burned remains when dental records were unavailable, as in disasters. The study was limited by only analyzing commonly used Indian materials without direct comparisons, but it demonstrated dental restoratives' potential for victim identification even after extreme temperatures like those from fires.
Preservation of dead body
1. There are several methods for preserving dead bodies including cold storage, embalming, and museum techniques.
2. Cold storage involves refrigeration to slow decomposition for a few weeks at temperatures between 2-8 degrees Celsius. Embalming is the injection of chemicals to prevent decomposition for viewing or transport.
3. For long term museum storage, bodies can be preserved through techniques like plastination, cryogenics, or bog burial which tan the skin. Proper preservation allows forensic analysis while also enabling public or religious viewing of remains.
Drug idiosyncrasy
This document discusses drug idiosyncrasy and adverse drug reactions. It defines drug idiosyncrasy as an abnormal genetic response to a drug in some individuals. Idiosyncratic reactions are non-dose related and unpredictable. The document categorizes and classifies different types of adverse drug reactions and discusses methods of detection, including pre-marketing clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance. It emphasizes the importance of reporting suspected adverse drug reactions to help prevent future harm.
DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY,CONCUSSION
This document discusses diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and concussion. It provides an overview of traumatic brain injury (TBI) classification, causes, mechanisms of injury, grading scales, and medicolegal importance. DAI results from acceleration/deceleration forces that cause shearing of axons throughout the brainstem, corpus callosum, and cerebral hemispheres. It is characterized by widespread damage rather than focal lesions. Concussion involves temporary dysfunction from brain impact or whipping, with risks including secondary impact syndrome. Both DAI and concussion are important forensically as they can cause death or long-term impairment without obvious anatomical signs.
DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY,CONCUSSION & CONTUSION
This document provides an overview of diffuse axonal injury and concussion. It discusses the classification, causes, mechanisms, grading, and medicolegal importance of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). TBIs can be mild, moderate, or severe and can result from accidents, assaults, child abuse, or sports-related injuries. The mechanism involves acceleration/deceleration forces that cause shearing of axons. Histopathology may reveal retraction balls and white matter tears. Concussions can cause temporary neurological impairment. Secondary impacts before prior symptoms resolve can be fatal. Contusions bruise the brain and can occur at the impact site or opposite site. TBIs are important in determining causes of death and distinguishing drunkenness.
Dermatoglyphics
Dermatoglyphics As A Preliminary Diagnostic Tool In Leukoplakia, Oral Submucous Fibrosis & Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Male genitalia-Forensic
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and development of the male genitalia and its importance in legal cases. It describes the external structures including the penis, scrotum, and internal structures like the testes, epididymis, and accessory glands. Key details are provided on spermatogenesis and the descent of the testes during fetal development. Finally, it outlines the medicolegal importance of understanding male anatomy in civil cases involving impotence or paternity disputes, and criminal cases related to rape, murder, or concealment of birth.
Female genitalia-Forensic
The female reproductive system has important medicolegal significance. It includes the external genitalia of the vulva and internal genitalia including the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The condition of the hymen can be important in cases involving questions of virginity or rape allegations. Pregnancy is also significant for cases involving property rights, divorce, or concealment of birth. The reproductive system and signs of virginity, pregnancy, or induced abortion may be examined to address legal issues involving marriage validity, rape, infanticide or abortion.
Vitreous humour
1) Vitreous humor can be used for postmortem analysis as it is less affected by contamination and putrefaction than other body fluids.
2) Biochemical analysis of vitreous humor can provide information on electrolyte levels, glucose, lactate, hypoxanthine, and alcohol which change postmortem and can help estimate time of death.
3) Potassium and hypoxanthine levels in vitreous humor generally increase over time after death and can be used to estimate postmortem interval, while glucose, sodium, and chloride levels typically decrease over time.
Bite mark analysis
1) The study aimed to evaluate and compare three overlay generation techniques (wax impression, radiographic, and computer assisted) for bite mark analysis and determine the most accurate method.
2) Results found that the computer assisted method had the highest number of moderate and excellent matching cases compared to the other techniques.
3) It is strongly recommended that forensic odontologists discontinue the subjective hand tracing methods and instead use the more reliable and accurate computer assisted overlay generation technique for bite mark analysis.
Fatal asain giant hornet 's sting
This document summarizes 3 case reports of fatal Asian giant hornet stings in India. Case 1 involved a 34-year old male who suffered multiple hornet stings and developed generalized swelling, skin necrosis, metabolic acidosis and died. Case 2 was a 38-year old male who suffered 26 stings and developed anemia, acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis and died. Case 3 involved a 34-year old female who suffered 6 stings and developed elevated liver and muscle enzymes but was treated conservatively and survived. The conclusion discusses the need for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent fatal outcomes from these stings.
Pharmcokinetics of ETHYL ALCOHOL IN FORENSIC VIEW
This document discusses the pharmacokinetics of ethyl alcohol. It begins by defining important terms like pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacogenetics. It then explains that alcohol is absorbed through the stomach and small intestine and undergoes first-pass metabolism in the liver. Alcohol is mostly eliminated through oxidative metabolism by alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver, and has zero-order kinetics at high doses and first-order kinetics at low doses. The document outlines factors that can affect the rate of alcohol absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in the body. It concludes by discussing the medicolegal importance of understanding alcohol pharmacokinetics.
More from Nafeeyabano (20)
Medicolegal Examination In Case Of Attempted Throttling.pptx
Medicolegal Examination In Case Of Attempted Throttling.pptx
Recently uploaded
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Bed Making ( Introduction, Purpose, Types, Articles, Scientific principles, N...
Topic : Bed making
Subject : Nursing Foundation
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience Wahiba Chair Training & Consulting
Wahiba Chair's Talk at the 2024 Learning Ideas Conference. Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
● What is event processing in MuleSoft?
● Types of event processing models in Mule 4
● Distinction between the reactive, parallel, blocking & non-blocking processing
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdWhat is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Recently uploaded (20)
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Bed Making ( Introduction, Purpose, Types, Articles, Scientific principles, N...
Bed Making ( Introduction, Purpose, Types, Articles, Scientific principles, N...
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
IGCSE Biology Chapter 14- Reproduction in Plants.pdf
IGCSE Biology Chapter 14- Reproduction in Plants.pdf
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
anatomy of neck and its medicolegal importance
- 1. Nafeeya 1st yr pg Anatomy Of Neck And Its Medicolegal Importance
- 2. Overview Anatomy and its relations Glands of neck and its functions Hyoid bone Neck dissection Injuries of neck Medicolegal importance
- 3. Compartments Content of neck is grouped into neck spaces called the compartments Vertebral compartments-cervical vertebrae and postural muscles. Visceral compartments-glands[thyroid ,parathyroid and thymus],larynx ,pharynx and trachea. Vascular compartments-common carotid artery ,jugular vein ,and vagus nerve on either side. Each compartments is enclosed by musculofacial collar.
- 4. Vertebral Compartment Long flexible part It consist of 7 bones C1-C7 Intervertebral disc
- 5. Muscles Of The Neck
- 7. Posterior Triangle Of Neck
- 9. Nerve Supply Of Neck The Cranial Nerves mainly supplying neck are The Facial [VII], Glossopharyngeal [IX], Vagus [X], Accessory [XI], And Hypoglossal [XII] Nerves. Transverse Cervical Nerve Supraclavicular Nerve
- 10. Anatomy Of Thyroid Gland 15-25gm Butterfly 2 Lobes 2 Capsule Isthmus Extends Across Midline In Front Of 2 ,3 4th Tracheal Ring. Located Deep To Sternothyroid and Sternohyoid Functions-metabolism Growth,development. Regulates Body Function
- 11. Hyoid Bone U- shaped structure Located in the anterior neck. It lies at the base of the mandible (approximately c3) It acts as a site of attachment for the anterior neck muscles. The hyoid is ossified from 6 centers: two for the body, and one for each cornu. The cartilage of the third pharyngeal arch forms the greater cornu of the hyoid and the lower portion of the body of the hyoid. Ossification commences in the greater cornua toward the end of fetal development. [3rd trimester] In the lesser cornua during the first or second year after birth. Elderly -calcified
- 12. Tension Required TO OCCLUDE VARIOUS STRUCTURES IN THE NECK: JUGULAR VEIN -2 KG CAROTID ARTERIES -5 KG TRACHEA -15 KG VERTEBRAL ARTERIES -20 KG
- 14. V-Shaped neck incision Platysma and subcutaneous tissue dissection. Deep cervical fascia is incised and reflected
- 15. Sternocleidomastoid dissected & reflected on each side Omohyoid ,sternohyoid,thyrohy oid reflected on each side Thyroid and carotid sheath are freed from investing layer Larynx ,trachea,pharynx and oesophagus are pulled away from prevertebral tissue.
- 16. Larynx And Trachea Cartilagenous , ligamentous Below - hyoid Above -trachea . 3-6 cervical vertebrae 4-6 brachial arches Facilitates breathing and sound MC-triticeal cartilage [30%]
- 17. Injuries Of Neck
- 18. Injuries Of Thyroid Gland Complicated thyroidectomy surgery Recurrent laryngeal injury Branch of vagus nerve Unilateral injury-vocal cord motion -Less-voice weak and motionless Bilateral injury-incomplete and complete Leads to adduction of cord and suffocation Complete-leads to aphonia Tetany
- 19. Zones Of Neck
- 20. Injuries Over The Region Of Neck 1.Homicidal o Strangulation- ligature or manual o Throttling or manual strangulation o Bansdola o Garrotting o Mugging 2.Penetrating Injuries-knife Or Gunshot 3.Cut Throat Injury 4.Injuries above level of C4- rapid death o Atlanto occipital injury-fatal o C1-C2-injury-neurogenic shock ,Odontoin# o C2-C3-Hangman # 2.Suicidal • Hanging[mc] 3.Judicial hanging 4.Accidental Hanging ? Chocking Café coranary Traumatic asphyxia Postural asphyxia
- 21. Hanging Ligature Strangulation Ligature mark –oblique Does not encircle the neck completely Below chin and above thyroid cartilage Base-pale ,hard and parchment like Ligature mark-transverse Encircle the neck completely At or below thyroid cartilage Base-soft and reddish Brushing of neck muscles not common Brushing of neck muscles common Neck streched and elongated Not so Hyoid bone fracture may occur Uncommon –[manual-common] Thyroid cartilage fracture –less common Thyroid cartilage fracture- more common Carotid intimal tear seen rare Salivary dribbling present absent Bleeding -uncommon common Subconjuctival hemorrhage- absent present
- 22. PM Findings Of Hanging In The Neck Petechiae-Tardieu spot Le facies sympathique Salivary dribbling Ligature mark Tissue under ligature mark are dry ,pale,and glistening Thyroid cartilage fracture Hyoid bone fracture
- 23. Blunt Force Impact Blunt force impact to the side of neck-excessive rotation or hyperextension 1. Shearing of neck muscle 2. Tearing of vertebral artery 3. Carotids get dissected 4. Veins damaged 5. Sub arachnoid hemorrhage. Blunt force impact on anterior neck 1. Crush injury larynx and trachea 2. Compression of esophagus against spinal column 3. Sudden increased in intratracheal pressure against closed glottis 4. Crush bruise 5. Rapid acceleration/deceleration- tracheal injury
- 24. Sections Sec299-culpable homicide not amounting to murder Sec 304-[life imprisonment with fine] Sec300-culpable homicide amounting to murder Sec 302-[capital punishment or life imprisonment with fine] Sec305-abetment of suicide of child or insane Sec 306-abetment of suicide[1-10yrs +fine] Sec 307-attempt to murder[1-10yrs with fine] Sec 308-attempt to commit culpable homicide[1- 3yrs+fine]
- 25. Referrences Bd chaurasias human anatomy vol-3 Richard and snells textbook of anatomy Guyton and hall text book of physiology Narayana reddy essential of forensic medicine Anil agarwal textbook of forensic medicine Rajesh bardalae textbook of forensic medicine Colour atlas of charles castanese Brendan c stalk neck dissection Essential of anatomy and physiology valarie c scanlon