This document summarizes the biotic and abiotic factors of Mediterranean forests. It describes the main plant species as oak, pine, and deciduous trees along with herbs like thyme and ivy. The animal kingdom is diverse with rodents, rabbits, wild boars, foxes, badgers, reptiles, birds and arthropods. It then explains the trophic levels including primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and decomposers such as fungi and bacteria. Finally, it notes that human actions that alter the ecosystem could cause extinction of species.