THIS IS ABOUT WILDLIFE AND FOREST RESOURCES

3. Biodiversity and Biological
Diversity
Biodiversity and Biological
Diversity is immensely rich in
wildlife and cultivated species,
diverse in form and function
but closely integrated in a
system through multiple
network of interdependencies.

4. In botany, flora has two meanings.
The first meaning refers to all plant life
in an area or time period.
The second meaning refers to a book or
other work which describes
the plant species in an area or time
period, with the aim of allowing
identification.
The term flora comes
from Latin language Flora,
the goddess of flowers in Roman
mythology. The corresponding term
for animal life is fauna.
Plants are grouped into floras based on
region, period, special environment, or
climate. Regions can be geographically
distinct habitats like mountain vs.
flatland. Floras can mean plant life of an
historic era as in fossil flora.

5. Fauna is all of the animal life of any
particular region or time. The
corresponding term
for plants is flora. Flora, fauna and
other forms of life such as fungi are
collectively referred to as biota.
Zoologists and palaeontologists use
fauna to refer to a typical collection
of animals found in a specific time
or place, e.g. the "Sonoran
Desert fauna" or the "Burgess
Shale fauna".

6. Deforestation is when forests are lost and not replanted. Sometimes
deforestation happens when people change the land into farms, ranches
and cities. A lot of deforestation is from removal of all the trees from a
forest for wood or fuel. Without the forest, the habitats of the animals are
lost and many animals die. It also results in global warming.
The opposite of deforestation is afforestation

7. Normal Species: Their population levels are normal for
their survival.
E.g. Cattle, rodents etc.
Endangered Species: They are in danger of extinction
as their population is fast
dwindling.
E.g. Black buck, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, lion,
crocodile etc.
Vulnerable Species: Their population has decreased to
the level of being
endangered in the near future.
E.g. Asiatic elephant, blue sheep, Gangetic dolphin etc.

8. are Species: Species those are very small in
umber. May become endangered or
ulnerable in future.
E.g. Hornbill, Himalayan brown bear, wild Asiatic
uffalo, desert fox etc.
ndemic Species: The species that are found only
n a particular region and are
solated by natural barriers are called endemic
pecies.
E.g. Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild
ig etc.
Extinct Species: These species no longer exist on
arth.

13. Asiatic Cheetah: Where did they
go?
The asiatic cheetah is a
unique and specialised member
of a cat family.
The world’s fastest mammal,
the Asiatic Cheetah was
declared extinct long back in
1952.
It became extinct due to a
decline of availability of habitat

14. The Himalayan Yew In Trouble
The Himalayan yew, Taxus Wallachiana
is a medical plant found in various parts
of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal
Pradesh.
A chemical, called Taxol is extracted
from it and has been used to treat some
cancers, the drug is now the biggest
selling anti-cancer drug in the world.
In the last one decade, thousands of
yew trees have dried up in Himachal
Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh-and so,

15. The negative factors that cause depletion
of the flora and fauna
The greatest damage inflicted on Indian
forests was during the colonial period due to the
expansion of the railways, agriculture,
commercial and scientific forestry and mining
activities.
After independence, agricultural expansions
continues to be one of the major causes of
depletion of forest resources.
Between 1951 and 1980, according to the
Forest Survey of India, over 26,200 sq. km. of
forest area was converted into agricultural land
all over India.

16. Tribal WOMEN using bamboo saplings in a
nursery at Mukhali near Salient Valley
Tribal women selling minor forest
produce
Leaf litter collection by women folk

17. Indian Wildlife (Protection) was
implemented in 1972, with various
provisions for protecting habitats.
The thrust of the programme was
towards protecting the remaining
population of certain endangered
species by banning hunting, giving legal
protection to their habitats, and
restricting trade in wildlife.
Conservation of Forest and
Wildlife in India

18. The central government also
announced several projects for
protecting specific animals, which
were gravely threatened,
including the tiger, the one
horned rhinoceros, the Kashmir
stag or hangul, three types of
crocodiles - fresh water
crocodile, salt water crocodile
and the Gharial, the asiatic lion,

20.  ALMOST ONE-THIRD OF THE TOTAL FOREST AREA IS
PROTECTED FOREST, AS DECLARED BY THE FOREST
DEPARTMENT. THIS FOREST LAND ARE PROTECTED FROM
ANY FURTHER DEPLETION.

21. UNCLASSED FORESTS