Mediterranean revised - unknown names
•Download as PPT, PDF•
0 likes•240 views
The Mediterranean forest ecosystem relies on specific biotic and abiotic factors, including various plants, animals, water, earth, air, and temperatures. The trophic network of the forest contains different trophic levels such as producers like madrone, oak, and cistus trees, primary consumers like rabbits and deer, secondary consumers like snakes and lizards, and tertiary consumers like eagles and lynx. Decomposers also play a role in transforming organic matter. Any human-caused changes could disrupt this balance and imbalance plant and animal populations, causing short-term and long-term implications.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Distribution in global pattern of biodiversity
Biodiversity varies based on latitude and altitude, with the most biodiversity found in the tropical regions near the equator and decreasing as one moves further north or south in latitude or to higher altitudes up mountains. Specifically, biodiversity is lowest in the Arctic, moderate in temperate regions, and highest in the tropics between 23.5 degrees north and south latitude, while biodiversity also decreases with increasing altitude as temperature decreases the higher one goes. The document discusses these latitudinal and altitudinal gradients in biodiversity as major global patterns.
Threats to biodiversity Key vocabulary worksheet
This document contains key vocabulary related to threats to biodiversity. It includes terms about introduced species, industrial agriculture and forestry, habitat loss and fragmentation, genetically modified organisms, pollution, and over-exploitation of species. For each topic, it provides words and their meanings in a matching worksheet format to help explain these important concepts in threats to biodiversity.
Patterns of biodiveristy
1. There are various patterns of distribution for different species based on factors like habitat, geography, and climate. No two species have an identical distribution.
2. The causes of distribution patterns vary depending on the taxonomic level from broad families to specific genera.
3. Distribution patterns also vary depending on the spatial scale examined from global to local levels. Key factors that influence patterns include geological history, climate, food and habitat availability, competition, and human activities.
L1 ap 2014 defining bio
The document provides information about Edexcel Geography Unit 3: Contested Planet. It discusses the six topics covered in the unit, including how they are linked and the suggested order to teach them. It also provides details about the exam structure, including the format and content of sections A and B. Additionally, it defines key terms related to biodiversity such as ecosystems, biomes, genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. Finally, it discusses the importance of biodiversity and highlights biodiversity hotspots as areas of very high biodiversity values.
L2 2015 location of bio and hotspots
Biodiversity hotspots are areas with high levels of endemic species that are under threat. They cover only 1.4% of the Earth's land but contain over 40% of plant species and 35% of animal species. Most hotspots are located in the tropics where optimal conditions exist for growth and diversity. While hotspots have helped protect threatened biodiversity, they leave many ecosystems uncovered and do not address threats facing areas outside their criteria.
Species diversity and abundance of avifauna in and around an urbanized lake s...
Species diversity and abundance of avifauna in and around an urbanized lake s...Isuru Priyaranga Silva
Abstract: Avifauna species diversity and abundance in and around of an urbanized lake called Peralanda Lake were recorded using point transect technique from January 2015 to December 2016. The lake is situated at North Colombo area adjacent to Ragama city in Gampaha District. Three Different habitat types were identified as Water body habitat, Terrestrial habitat adjacent to the water body and Disturbed habitat. Bird census was performed on 20 sampling points with a radius of 25m which were fixed by using a Global Positioning System device (GPS) (Garmin e Trex). Each point was visited 3 times per month at different times of the day between 0600h to 1000h and 1500h to 1900h. Sixty-two species belonging fourteen orders and thirty-seven families were recorded during the study. These include three globally near threatened species Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis), Oriental Darter (Anhinga melanogaster) and Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocepha-lus); three locally near threatened species, Cotton Pygmy-goose (Nettapus coromandelianus), Oriental Honey-Buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus) and Black Eagle (Ictinaetus malayensis); one critically endangered species, Blue-tailed Bee-eater (Merops philippinus); two endemic species, Sri Lanka Small Barbet (Megalaima rubricapilla) and Sri Lanka Swallow (Hirundo hyper-ythra) and four migrant species, Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica), Asian Paradise Flycatcher (Terpsiphone paradisi paradisi), Blue-tailed Bee-eater (Merops philippinus) and Forest Wagtail (Dendronanthus indicus). Highest species diversity was recorded in terrestrial habitat adjacent to the water body followed by Disturbed habitat while least species diversity was recorded in Water body habitat.L3 k learn spaces 2014 value of ecosystems
This document discusses how to value ecosystems by examining the economic, cultural, and environmental value they provide. It provides examples of ecosystem services - the benefits ecosystems provide to people - which are broken into supporting, regulating, cultural, and provisioning services. These services have a large impact on human well-being. The document then analyzes two case studies: the Daintree Rainforest in Australia and coral reefs. For the Daintree, it highlights the ecosystem services of carbon sequestration, providing medicine, tourism, cultural value for indigenous people, and its history of logging. For coral reefs, it prompts examining their value through videos and a textbook section.
Topic 3.2
This document discusses the origins of biodiversity through the process of evolution by natural selection. It explains that over long periods of time, organisms gradually change through beneficial mutations that allow better adaptation to the environment, and these adapted traits get passed down through reproduction. Variation exists within species, and individuals with variations better suited to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their beneficial genes. This gradual process of evolution through natural selection over millions of years has led to the diversity of life we see today. Plate tectonics further influenced biodiversity by splitting land masses and isolating previously connected populations, allowing them to evolve separately into new species through allopatric speciation.
Recommended
Distribution in global pattern of biodiversity
Biodiversity varies based on latitude and altitude, with the most biodiversity found in the tropical regions near the equator and decreasing as one moves further north or south in latitude or to higher altitudes up mountains. Specifically, biodiversity is lowest in the Arctic, moderate in temperate regions, and highest in the tropics between 23.5 degrees north and south latitude, while biodiversity also decreases with increasing altitude as temperature decreases the higher one goes. The document discusses these latitudinal and altitudinal gradients in biodiversity as major global patterns.
Threats to biodiversity Key vocabulary worksheet
This document contains key vocabulary related to threats to biodiversity. It includes terms about introduced species, industrial agriculture and forestry, habitat loss and fragmentation, genetically modified organisms, pollution, and over-exploitation of species. For each topic, it provides words and their meanings in a matching worksheet format to help explain these important concepts in threats to biodiversity.
Patterns of biodiveristy
1. There are various patterns of distribution for different species based on factors like habitat, geography, and climate. No two species have an identical distribution.
2. The causes of distribution patterns vary depending on the taxonomic level from broad families to specific genera.
3. Distribution patterns also vary depending on the spatial scale examined from global to local levels. Key factors that influence patterns include geological history, climate, food and habitat availability, competition, and human activities.
L1 ap 2014 defining bio
The document provides information about Edexcel Geography Unit 3: Contested Planet. It discusses the six topics covered in the unit, including how they are linked and the suggested order to teach them. It also provides details about the exam structure, including the format and content of sections A and B. Additionally, it defines key terms related to biodiversity such as ecosystems, biomes, genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. Finally, it discusses the importance of biodiversity and highlights biodiversity hotspots as areas of very high biodiversity values.
L2 2015 location of bio and hotspots
Biodiversity hotspots are areas with high levels of endemic species that are under threat. They cover only 1.4% of the Earth's land but contain over 40% of plant species and 35% of animal species. Most hotspots are located in the tropics where optimal conditions exist for growth and diversity. While hotspots have helped protect threatened biodiversity, they leave many ecosystems uncovered and do not address threats facing areas outside their criteria.
Species diversity and abundance of avifauna in and around an urbanized lake s...
Species diversity and abundance of avifauna in and around an urbanized lake s...Isuru Priyaranga Silva
Abstract: Avifauna species diversity and abundance in and around of an urbanized lake called Peralanda Lake were recorded using point transect technique from January 2015 to December 2016. The lake is situated at North Colombo area adjacent to Ragama city in Gampaha District. Three Different habitat types were identified as Water body habitat, Terrestrial habitat adjacent to the water body and Disturbed habitat. Bird census was performed on 20 sampling points with a radius of 25m which were fixed by using a Global Positioning System device (GPS) (Garmin e Trex). Each point was visited 3 times per month at different times of the day between 0600h to 1000h and 1500h to 1900h. Sixty-two species belonging fourteen orders and thirty-seven families were recorded during the study. These include three globally near threatened species Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis), Oriental Darter (Anhinga melanogaster) and Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocepha-lus); three locally near threatened species, Cotton Pygmy-goose (Nettapus coromandelianus), Oriental Honey-Buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus) and Black Eagle (Ictinaetus malayensis); one critically endangered species, Blue-tailed Bee-eater (Merops philippinus); two endemic species, Sri Lanka Small Barbet (Megalaima rubricapilla) and Sri Lanka Swallow (Hirundo hyper-ythra) and four migrant species, Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica), Asian Paradise Flycatcher (Terpsiphone paradisi paradisi), Blue-tailed Bee-eater (Merops philippinus) and Forest Wagtail (Dendronanthus indicus). Highest species diversity was recorded in terrestrial habitat adjacent to the water body followed by Disturbed habitat while least species diversity was recorded in Water body habitat.L3 k learn spaces 2014 value of ecosystems
This document discusses how to value ecosystems by examining the economic, cultural, and environmental value they provide. It provides examples of ecosystem services - the benefits ecosystems provide to people - which are broken into supporting, regulating, cultural, and provisioning services. These services have a large impact on human well-being. The document then analyzes two case studies: the Daintree Rainforest in Australia and coral reefs. For the Daintree, it highlights the ecosystem services of carbon sequestration, providing medicine, tourism, cultural value for indigenous people, and its history of logging. For coral reefs, it prompts examining their value through videos and a textbook section.
Topic 3.2
This document discusses the origins of biodiversity through the process of evolution by natural selection. It explains that over long periods of time, organisms gradually change through beneficial mutations that allow better adaptation to the environment, and these adapted traits get passed down through reproduction. Variation exists within species, and individuals with variations better suited to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their beneficial genes. This gradual process of evolution through natural selection over millions of years has led to the diversity of life we see today. Plate tectonics further influenced biodiversity by splitting land masses and isolating previously connected populations, allowing them to evolve separately into new species through allopatric speciation.
Fwc Ucfei
This document summarizes a project to control invasive plant species on 565+ acres of conservation land owned by the University of Central Florida (UCF). The project aims to initially control four priority invasive species through contractual work. The land has a high potential for natural regeneration due to a diverse native seed bank and variety of habitat types. Long-term management will include continued invasive species control funded by UCF's Environmental Initiative to benefit listed species on the property and increase connectivity to other conservation lands.
Types of species, umbrella, keystone
This document defines and provides examples of several types of species:
- Indicator species reflect environmental conditions and can signal ecosystem health.
- Umbrella species have impacts beyond their biomass that protect other species.
- Flagship species are popular, charismatic species that stimulate conservation awareness.
- Keystone species have impacts beyond their abundance and disproportionately influence ecosystem structure.
- Ruderal species are found in environments with high disturbance and low competition.
- Invasive species are exotic species introduced to new environments that spread rapidly and overtake native species.
- Dominant species are abundant and have significant influence over ecosystem composition and structure.
Summary of topic 2.5
This document discusses various methods for measuring biotic factors and biodiversity in ecosystems, including:
- Species richness, which counts the number of different species. Biodiversity combines species richness with the relative abundance of individuals of each species.
- Population size can be estimated by throwing quadrats and extrapolating from the counts. Simpson's Diversity Index provides a single number measurement of biodiversity.
- Other metrics like abundance, density, frequency, and biomass provide additional information about populations and communities.
- For mobile species, mark-recapture methods like the Lincoln Index can estimate population size over time.
- Alternative approaches include chemical fogging to sample canopy insects, though ethics must be
Biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. There are six kingdoms of life - Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Species diversity is estimated between 2-100 million species globally, though only 1.4 million have been named. Genetic diversity refers to variation between individuals of the same species. Ecosystem diversity measures communities of plants and animals and their physical environment. Protecting biodiversity requires conserving ecological processes and maintaining reserves large enough to support complex species interactions.
Sustainability&Urban Ecology Training overview sm
The document provides information from a training on urban ecology and sustainability. It discusses topics that will be covered in sessions on winter, spring, and summer, including migratory bird habitat, wetlands, prairies, invasive species management, and landscaping for wildlife. Specific sessions will focus on the ecology of the Great Trinity Forest and Blackland Prairie ecoregion, as well as management practices and considerations for different seasons. Reference materials are also listed.
Patterns of biodiversity(introduction
Biodiversity declines with increasing distance from the equator, such that tropical regions near the equator harbor more species than temperate or polar regions further from the equator. This pattern is demonstrated by countries like Colombia, located near the equator, having over 1400 bird species, compared to places like New York at 41°N only having 105 bird species. Tropical forests at the equator can have ten times more vascular plant species than forests of equal area in temperate regions. This distribution of species can be studied under latitudinal gradients and species-area relationships.
Chapter 57
Conservation biology is an applied science devoted to preserving life diversity. It draws on knowledge from various disciplines to understand threats to biodiversity and develop strategies for conservation. The current extinction crisis is unique in that it is human-induced. We value biodiversity for ecological, economic, scientific, and ethical reasons. However, habitat destruction, exotic species introduction, overexploitation, and climate change are major threats driven by human activities. Conservation strategies include protected areas, restoration ecology, and controlling invasive species.
Plant Competition in Temperate Regions
This document summarizes information about plant competition in temperate regions. It discusses how abiotic factors like precipitation determine plant growth forms in different biomes like deserts and grasslands. Competition between plant species can limit population sizes and influence community structure and diversity. The competitive exclusion principle and niche differentiation theory suggest that closely similar species cannot coexist. Tilman's R* model of competition for limiting resources was tested in Minnesota grasslands, finding support that the species with the lowest resource threshold (R*) for nitrogen wins interspecific competition. Species' R* values correlated with root biomass, indicating their different resource allocation strategies influence competitive abilities.
Limiting factors in desert ecosystem
Density dependent and density independent factors limit populations in desert ecosystems. Density dependent factors like competition for scarce resources such as water and food increase with population density. Density independent factors like low precipitation, high temperatures, and nutrient deficient soil affect all individuals regardless of population size. Organisms have adaptations like reduced activity, insulating fur, and nasal salt glands to survive the harsh desert conditions.
Insects biodiversity
This document discusses insect biodiversity and conservation. It begins by defining biodiversity and noting that insects make up over 70% of described species. It then provides tables listing the approximate number of described species across taxonomic groups. The rest of the document discusses measuring and comparing diversity within and between communities, the importance of conserving insect diversity for ecosystem services like pollination and pest control, and threats to biodiversity from land use change, climate change, and invasive species.
The measurement of biodiversity
This document discusses various methods for measuring biodiversity, including species richness, evenness, disparity, and genetic variability. It notes that biodiversity cannot be reduced to a single number due to the complexities of various taxonomic concepts and differences in ecosystems. While higher productivity generally correlates with greater biodiversity, preserving biodiversity poses challenges for policymakers given difficulties in comparing biodiversity across environments.
Invasive Flora-Macroinvertebrate Populations poster
This document summarizes a study that examines the effects of invasive riparian plant species on macroinvertebrate populations in cold water streams. The researchers hypothesize that reaches with invasive species will have higher pollution tolerance scores and lower macroinvertebrate diversity than restored reaches. Samples will be taken from one degraded reach dominated by invasive buckthorn and garlic mustard, and one restored reach. Macroinvertebrates will be identified and riparian plant biomass will be estimated to determine impacts on aquatic communities.
Biodiversity
The document discusses biodiversity, including its definition, types, distribution, threats, and conservation. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life forms on Earth, including diversity within and between species and ecosystems. The three main types of biodiversity are genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. Most biodiversity is located in tropical regions. Threats include habitat loss, overexploitation, pollution, and climate change. Conservation efforts include protected areas, restoration, environmental education, and international agreements like the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Organisms and population.
This document discusses ecology and the relationship between organisms and their environment. It covers levels of ecological organization like populations, communities, and biomes. It also discusses abiotic factors like temperature, water, light, and soil that influence organisms and how organisms adapt to different environments through mechanisms like homeostasis, regulation, migration, dormancy, and behavioral and physiological adaptations.
Invited lecture to MPKV trainees
1. Climate change is expected to negatively impact crop-insect pest interactions and exacerbate agricultural yield losses. Rising temperatures and shifts in rainfall patterns will influence the distribution and abundance of major and minor pests.
2. Loss of biodiversity from climate change impacts could disrupt ecological balances and increase outbreaks of destructive pests. Habitat alterations and changes in cropping practices may suppress natural enemies or competitor species.
3. Insect pests may expand their geographic ranges as temperatures and rainfall change regions, altering where growth, survival and reproduction is possible. This could introduce new pests or increase abundances in novel areas.
Diversity stability debate and its relevence in pests
This document provides an overview of relative distribution of organisms and biodiversity. It discusses the different patterns of distribution organisms can have, including continuous, discontinuous, species-level, and clumped distributions. It also defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. The document outlines some of the key principles of biodiversity, like the importance of native species and connectivity between habitats.
Species diversity
1. Species diversity refers to the number and variety of species in a given region. It takes into account both the number of species and how evenly abundant they are.
2. There are three main types of species: endemic, exotic, and cosmopolitan. Endemic species are restricted to a particular area while exotic species have been transported by humans.
3. Factors that affect species diversity include speciation, extinction, migration, habitat destruction, and the introduction of invasive species. Speciation occurs through geographic isolation or reductions in gene flow. Extinction can be caused by overharvesting, pollution, and habitat loss.
Chapter 10 organisms and population
This document provides an overview of organisms and populations. It discusses key concepts in ecology like habitat, niche, biotic and abiotic factors. Specific biotic factors covered include temperature, light, water, soil, wind and humidity. Different biomes are described like tundra, taiga, grasslands, alpine, tropical forests, temperate forests, and deserts. The document also discusses how organisms respond to abiotic factors through regulating, conforming, migrating, or suspending activities. Finally, it covers structural, behavioral and physiological adaptations that help organisms survive in different environments.
Genetic consevation
The document discusses genetic conservation and genetic variation. It defines genetic conservation as maintaining genetic diversity within and among populations to ensure species can adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation is important for evolution and survival, as it allows populations to adapt. Sources of genetic variation include mutation, recombination, and gene flow. Low genetic diversity reduces a population's ability to evolve and increases extinction risk. The document also discusses the importance of both neutral and adaptive genetic variation, how genetic variation is measured, and factors that influence changes in allele frequencies like genetic drift.
Wild life day
awareness of wild fauna and flora, value of forest, endangered species, causes for wild life depletion, human-wildlife conflict, deforestation, wild-life conservation, wild-life sanctuaries, national park, afforestation, save tree, save forest, save earth, save wild-life
Agriculture effect on ecosystems
This document discusses human impact on resources and ecosystems. It covers the historical basis of pollution, utilization of resources like minerals, modification of ecosystems including forests and aquatic systems, managing ecosystems for wildlife, and extinction. As human populations grew and technology advanced, the impact per person increased. Nearly all earth's surface has been affected by human activity in some way through environmental modifications, pollution, resource use, and ecosystem changes. Managing ecosystems involves balancing human uses with maintaining environmental values and biodiversity.
Env301 chapt12
This document discusses human impact on resources and ecosystems. It covers the historical basis of pollution from increasing human populations and technological development. It examines the utilization and modification of different ecosystems like forests, rangelands, and aquatic ecosystems. It discusses managing ecosystems for wildlife and the growing issue of extinction from habitat loss and fragmentation caused by human activities. Managing populations, preventing overexploitation of resources, and protecting endangered species are important challenges.
More Related Content
What's hot
Fwc Ucfei
This document summarizes a project to control invasive plant species on 565+ acres of conservation land owned by the University of Central Florida (UCF). The project aims to initially control four priority invasive species through contractual work. The land has a high potential for natural regeneration due to a diverse native seed bank and variety of habitat types. Long-term management will include continued invasive species control funded by UCF's Environmental Initiative to benefit listed species on the property and increase connectivity to other conservation lands.
Types of species, umbrella, keystone
This document defines and provides examples of several types of species:
- Indicator species reflect environmental conditions and can signal ecosystem health.
- Umbrella species have impacts beyond their biomass that protect other species.
- Flagship species are popular, charismatic species that stimulate conservation awareness.
- Keystone species have impacts beyond their abundance and disproportionately influence ecosystem structure.
- Ruderal species are found in environments with high disturbance and low competition.
- Invasive species are exotic species introduced to new environments that spread rapidly and overtake native species.
- Dominant species are abundant and have significant influence over ecosystem composition and structure.
Summary of topic 2.5
This document discusses various methods for measuring biotic factors and biodiversity in ecosystems, including:
- Species richness, which counts the number of different species. Biodiversity combines species richness with the relative abundance of individuals of each species.
- Population size can be estimated by throwing quadrats and extrapolating from the counts. Simpson's Diversity Index provides a single number measurement of biodiversity.
- Other metrics like abundance, density, frequency, and biomass provide additional information about populations and communities.
- For mobile species, mark-recapture methods like the Lincoln Index can estimate population size over time.
- Alternative approaches include chemical fogging to sample canopy insects, though ethics must be
Biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. There are six kingdoms of life - Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Species diversity is estimated between 2-100 million species globally, though only 1.4 million have been named. Genetic diversity refers to variation between individuals of the same species. Ecosystem diversity measures communities of plants and animals and their physical environment. Protecting biodiversity requires conserving ecological processes and maintaining reserves large enough to support complex species interactions.
Sustainability&Urban Ecology Training overview sm
The document provides information from a training on urban ecology and sustainability. It discusses topics that will be covered in sessions on winter, spring, and summer, including migratory bird habitat, wetlands, prairies, invasive species management, and landscaping for wildlife. Specific sessions will focus on the ecology of the Great Trinity Forest and Blackland Prairie ecoregion, as well as management practices and considerations for different seasons. Reference materials are also listed.
Patterns of biodiversity(introduction
Biodiversity declines with increasing distance from the equator, such that tropical regions near the equator harbor more species than temperate or polar regions further from the equator. This pattern is demonstrated by countries like Colombia, located near the equator, having over 1400 bird species, compared to places like New York at 41°N only having 105 bird species. Tropical forests at the equator can have ten times more vascular plant species than forests of equal area in temperate regions. This distribution of species can be studied under latitudinal gradients and species-area relationships.
Chapter 57
Conservation biology is an applied science devoted to preserving life diversity. It draws on knowledge from various disciplines to understand threats to biodiversity and develop strategies for conservation. The current extinction crisis is unique in that it is human-induced. We value biodiversity for ecological, economic, scientific, and ethical reasons. However, habitat destruction, exotic species introduction, overexploitation, and climate change are major threats driven by human activities. Conservation strategies include protected areas, restoration ecology, and controlling invasive species.
Plant Competition in Temperate Regions
This document summarizes information about plant competition in temperate regions. It discusses how abiotic factors like precipitation determine plant growth forms in different biomes like deserts and grasslands. Competition between plant species can limit population sizes and influence community structure and diversity. The competitive exclusion principle and niche differentiation theory suggest that closely similar species cannot coexist. Tilman's R* model of competition for limiting resources was tested in Minnesota grasslands, finding support that the species with the lowest resource threshold (R*) for nitrogen wins interspecific competition. Species' R* values correlated with root biomass, indicating their different resource allocation strategies influence competitive abilities.
Limiting factors in desert ecosystem
Density dependent and density independent factors limit populations in desert ecosystems. Density dependent factors like competition for scarce resources such as water and food increase with population density. Density independent factors like low precipitation, high temperatures, and nutrient deficient soil affect all individuals regardless of population size. Organisms have adaptations like reduced activity, insulating fur, and nasal salt glands to survive the harsh desert conditions.
Insects biodiversity
This document discusses insect biodiversity and conservation. It begins by defining biodiversity and noting that insects make up over 70% of described species. It then provides tables listing the approximate number of described species across taxonomic groups. The rest of the document discusses measuring and comparing diversity within and between communities, the importance of conserving insect diversity for ecosystem services like pollination and pest control, and threats to biodiversity from land use change, climate change, and invasive species.
The measurement of biodiversity
This document discusses various methods for measuring biodiversity, including species richness, evenness, disparity, and genetic variability. It notes that biodiversity cannot be reduced to a single number due to the complexities of various taxonomic concepts and differences in ecosystems. While higher productivity generally correlates with greater biodiversity, preserving biodiversity poses challenges for policymakers given difficulties in comparing biodiversity across environments.
Invasive Flora-Macroinvertebrate Populations poster
This document summarizes a study that examines the effects of invasive riparian plant species on macroinvertebrate populations in cold water streams. The researchers hypothesize that reaches with invasive species will have higher pollution tolerance scores and lower macroinvertebrate diversity than restored reaches. Samples will be taken from one degraded reach dominated by invasive buckthorn and garlic mustard, and one restored reach. Macroinvertebrates will be identified and riparian plant biomass will be estimated to determine impacts on aquatic communities.
Biodiversity
The document discusses biodiversity, including its definition, types, distribution, threats, and conservation. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life forms on Earth, including diversity within and between species and ecosystems. The three main types of biodiversity are genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. Most biodiversity is located in tropical regions. Threats include habitat loss, overexploitation, pollution, and climate change. Conservation efforts include protected areas, restoration, environmental education, and international agreements like the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Organisms and population.
This document discusses ecology and the relationship between organisms and their environment. It covers levels of ecological organization like populations, communities, and biomes. It also discusses abiotic factors like temperature, water, light, and soil that influence organisms and how organisms adapt to different environments through mechanisms like homeostasis, regulation, migration, dormancy, and behavioral and physiological adaptations.
Invited lecture to MPKV trainees
1. Climate change is expected to negatively impact crop-insect pest interactions and exacerbate agricultural yield losses. Rising temperatures and shifts in rainfall patterns will influence the distribution and abundance of major and minor pests.
2. Loss of biodiversity from climate change impacts could disrupt ecological balances and increase outbreaks of destructive pests. Habitat alterations and changes in cropping practices may suppress natural enemies or competitor species.
3. Insect pests may expand their geographic ranges as temperatures and rainfall change regions, altering where growth, survival and reproduction is possible. This could introduce new pests or increase abundances in novel areas.
Diversity stability debate and its relevence in pests
This document provides an overview of relative distribution of organisms and biodiversity. It discusses the different patterns of distribution organisms can have, including continuous, discontinuous, species-level, and clumped distributions. It also defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. The document outlines some of the key principles of biodiversity, like the importance of native species and connectivity between habitats.
Species diversity
1. Species diversity refers to the number and variety of species in a given region. It takes into account both the number of species and how evenly abundant they are.
2. There are three main types of species: endemic, exotic, and cosmopolitan. Endemic species are restricted to a particular area while exotic species have been transported by humans.
3. Factors that affect species diversity include speciation, extinction, migration, habitat destruction, and the introduction of invasive species. Speciation occurs through geographic isolation or reductions in gene flow. Extinction can be caused by overharvesting, pollution, and habitat loss.
Chapter 10 organisms and population
This document provides an overview of organisms and populations. It discusses key concepts in ecology like habitat, niche, biotic and abiotic factors. Specific biotic factors covered include temperature, light, water, soil, wind and humidity. Different biomes are described like tundra, taiga, grasslands, alpine, tropical forests, temperate forests, and deserts. The document also discusses how organisms respond to abiotic factors through regulating, conforming, migrating, or suspending activities. Finally, it covers structural, behavioral and physiological adaptations that help organisms survive in different environments.
Genetic consevation
The document discusses genetic conservation and genetic variation. It defines genetic conservation as maintaining genetic diversity within and among populations to ensure species can adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation is important for evolution and survival, as it allows populations to adapt. Sources of genetic variation include mutation, recombination, and gene flow. Low genetic diversity reduces a population's ability to evolve and increases extinction risk. The document also discusses the importance of both neutral and adaptive genetic variation, how genetic variation is measured, and factors that influence changes in allele frequencies like genetic drift.
What's hot (19)
Invasive Flora-Macroinvertebrate Populations poster
Invasive Flora-Macroinvertebrate Populations poster
Diversity stability debate and its relevence in pests
Diversity stability debate and its relevence in pests
Similar to Mediterranean revised - unknown names
Wild life day
awareness of wild fauna and flora, value of forest, endangered species, causes for wild life depletion, human-wildlife conflict, deforestation, wild-life conservation, wild-life sanctuaries, national park, afforestation, save tree, save forest, save earth, save wild-life
Agriculture effect on ecosystems
This document discusses human impact on resources and ecosystems. It covers the historical basis of pollution, utilization of resources like minerals, modification of ecosystems including forests and aquatic systems, managing ecosystems for wildlife, and extinction. As human populations grew and technology advanced, the impact per person increased. Nearly all earth's surface has been affected by human activity in some way through environmental modifications, pollution, resource use, and ecosystem changes. Managing ecosystems involves balancing human uses with maintaining environmental values and biodiversity.
Env301 chapt12
This document discusses human impact on resources and ecosystems. It covers the historical basis of pollution from increasing human populations and technological development. It examines the utilization and modification of different ecosystems like forests, rangelands, and aquatic ecosystems. It discusses managing ecosystems for wildlife and the growing issue of extinction from habitat loss and fragmentation caused by human activities. Managing populations, preventing overexploitation of resources, and protecting endangered species are important challenges.
Unit 3 contested_planet_biodiversity_under_threat
This document provides an overview of the topic of biodiversity under threat. It begins by defining key terms like biodiversity, biosphere, biome, and biomass. It then discusses factors that influence biodiversity like island isolation and tropical climates. Global threats to biodiversity are explored such as habitat loss and invasive species. Specific threats include deforestation, overfishing, pollution, and mining. The document examines ecosystem processes and managing biodiversity through approaches like biosphere reserves and protected areas. It concludes by considering different futures for biodiversity conservation.
Presentation wildlife conservation
The process of Wildlife Conservation has been discussed
What is wildlife ?
Why is it depleting?
What are the effects of wildlife depletion ?
Why do we need to save it ?
And last but not the least
How can we save it ?
"Ways to conserve Wildlife"
biodiversity & Ecosystem types class notes 4.ppt
Biodiversity refers to the variety of species that exist in an ecosystem. It can be measured at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Mangrove ecosystems are found in tropical and subtropical intertidal regions and provide important habitat for many species. Mangroves help filter pollutants, protect coastlines from storms and erosion, and support fisheries through their role in the lifecycles of many commercially important species. However, mangroves are threatened by hurricanes, pollution, and loss of habitat.
Hotspots of biodiversity
The document discusses biodiversity hotspots, which are regions with high levels of endemic species that have lost at least 70% of their original habitat. It identifies 34 biodiversity hotspots around the world that meet these criteria. The main threats to biodiversity include habitat destruction, climate change, habitat fragmentation, pollution, overexploitation, and disease. Conservation efforts aim to prioritize protecting threatened regions through establishing reserves and protected areas, providing incentives for conservation, using regulations and market-based tools, developing new conservation professionals and projects, and promoting ecotourism.
Biodiversity hotspot, threats & its conservation
This document discusses biodiversity hotspots and threats to biodiversity. It defines biodiversity hotspots as regions that are exceptionally rich in endemic species yet threatened by habitat loss. Two criteria are outlined to qualify as a hotspot: containing at least 1,500 endemic plant species and having lost at least 70% of primary vegetation. 25 global hotspots are listed, including the Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats in India. Major threats include habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflicts. Conservation approaches of in situ and ex situ are described, along with examples like protected areas, gene banks, and projects like Tiger and Elephant.
Human destruction of biodiversity kate foley
The document discusses the importance of biodiversity and the major threat posed by human activities. It defines biodiversity as the variety of species within ecosystems and genetics. Biodiversity is important for ecological stability, medicine, agriculture, and more. However, human impacts like habitat loss from deforestation and fragmentation are major drivers of species extinction. Deforestation specifically removes forests, reduces biodiversity, and damages the environment. Urgent action is needed to protect biodiversity hotspots and promote conservation.
Environmental crisis lecture 8
This chapter discusses biodiversity issues and threats to biodiversity. It describes how biodiversity, defined as genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity, is being lost due to human activities. The five major threats are listed as habitat loss, overexploitation, exotic species introduction, predator control, and climate change. Efforts to preserve biodiversity include identifying threatened species, creating protected areas, and sustainable management of ecosystems and wildlife populations.
Ecosystems
The document discusses key concepts in ecosystems and sustainability including reliance on solar energy, biodiversity, population control, and nutrient cycling. It provides statistics on the distribution of species, describing that insects make up 53% of species. It also outlines the structure of communities including producers, consumers, and decomposers. Finally, it discusses important biogeochemical cycles like nitrogen and phosphorus cycling and how human activities can impact these cycles.
Human effect in environment
This document discusses key concepts in ecology including ecosystems, ecological succession, biodiversity, threats to the environment, and approaches to environmental protection. It defines ecosystems as dynamic interactions between organisms and their environment. Biodiversity is declining due to threats like habitat loss, pollution, and climate change. The document advocates for sustainable development, conservation of biodiversity hotspots, and restoration ecology to protect the environment for future generations.
Lecture review on environmental science
This document summarizes key concepts in environmental science, including:
1) It defines important terms like ecology, ecosystem, environment, and environmental science.
2) It describes components of ecosystems like abiotic and biotic factors, and interactions between living and non-living things.
3) It explains ecological concepts such as food chains, food webs, biogeochemical cycles, biomes, sources of pollution, and principles of sustainability.
Ecosystem Types.pptx
An ecosystem includes living and non-living components that interact. The document describes four main ecosystems - forest, grassland, desert, and aquatic. A forest ecosystem has producers like trees and consumers like deer. It also explains the layers and roles of organisms. A grassland ecosystem has grasses as producers and grazing animals as consumers. A desert ecosystem has succulent plants and adapted reptiles and mammals. An aquatic ecosystem can be freshwater like a lake or pond, with algae and plants as producers and fish and plankton as consumers, or saltwater like an ocean.
Forest resources.pptx
This document discusses natural forest resources in India and some of the issues around their exploitation and degradation. It covers the following key points:
1. Forests provide many important resources like timber, fuelwood, fodder, and ecosystem services. However, forests in India are being overexploited due to population growth, infrastructure development, and shifting cultivation.
2. Deforestation is a major problem, reducing India's forest cover from 30% historically to around 21% currently. Deforestation leads to issues like soil erosion, reduced rainfall, biodiversity loss, and increased carbon emissions.
3. Other activities like mining, dam construction, and commercial logging have also degraded forests and displaced many tribal communities who
Wildlife Biology, wild Physiology and introduction
This document summarizes key concepts in wildlife physiology and ecology. It discusses the circulatory, respiratory, excretory, and nervous systems of mammals. It also covers wildlife habitat components, limiting factors, food chains and webs, ecological pyramids, carrying capacity, niche, and the effects of temperature, light, soil types, and productivity on animals and their distribution. Habitats provide wildlife with requirements like appropriate temperatures, fresh water, food sources, and places to raise young. Animal behavior is studied in ethology and can be instinctive or learned through experiences.
July 29-330-Greg Schmidt
State and transition models (STMs) are tools that integrate ecosystem dynamics into management by defining alternative ecosystem states and the transitions between them. Climate relates to STMs by influencing ecological sites and the potential vegetation communities. As climate changes, STMs may need to consider shifting reference states and allow for novel communities. Applying STMs across mixed land uses adds complexity but can help assess conservation value under different land use states.
Threats to Biodiversity
Lecture 3,4,5 are for threats of biodiversity. It's so easy to learn and present in class for students as well as teachers.so , follow me for more updates. Thank you
Biodiversity value and threats
The document discusses biodiversity and the threats it faces. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including diversity of genes, species, and ecosystems. It notes that while scientists have identified over 1.4 million species, many more remain unknown. The document then discusses several threats to biodiversity, including habitat destruction, overexploitation of resources, climate change, human overpopulation, pollution, and deforestation. It provides examples of how each of these threatens species and ecosystems. The document concludes by noting the impacts of biodiversity loss, such as increased species extinctions and ecological imbalances.
"what is Biodiversity ?" for school project
Deforestation involves clearing forests and converting the land to other uses like agriculture. It has significant negative impacts like loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, disruption of water cycles, and increased carbon emissions. While regeneration harvesting can be sustainable in some environments, large-scale deforestation causes habitat destruction and species extinction. Factors like population growth, exploitation of resources, and lack of environmental protection have contributed to ongoing deforestation issues around the world. Conservation efforts aim to preserve forests and wildlife through protected areas, anti-poaching laws, and management plans.
Similar to Mediterranean revised - unknown names (20)
Wildlife Biology, wild Physiology and introduction
Wildlife Biology, wild Physiology and introduction
More from castellanocela
Día internacional de la mujer en 2015
Actividad para celebrar el día de la mujer trabajadora . Lectura teatral de la casa de Bernarda Alba protagonizada por chicos
Textos epistolares
Este documento presenta una introducción al texto epistolar, incluyendo sus características y estructura. Explica que un texto epistolar es una forma de expresión escrita dirigida a uno o más destinatarios ausentes o distantes. Luego describe varios tipos de cartas como las amistosas, comerciales, divulgativas, familiares e informativas. Finalmente, detalla la estructura tradicional de una carta y provee un ejemplo.
La entrevista.pdf
El documento presenta una introducción a las entrevistas, definiéndolas como una conversación entre dos personas donde una hace preguntas para obtener respuestas de la otra. Luego describe las partes básicas de una entrevista, los componentes que la integran y sus funciones principales, concluyendo con un ejemplo de entrevista entre un periodista y una cantante.
Video stimulus
The document contains 7 questions about a video that demonstrates stimulus-response reactions in animals. The questions ask how many steps are in a reflex action versus a learned reaction, what type of response chickens demonstrate when pressing a button in the video, what the stimulus is that causes a rooster to crow, what other stimuli cause responses in animals, and what strategy farmers use to stimulate egg laying in chickens.
Power motion
This document discusses key concepts in motion including forces, Newton's laws of motion, gravity, velocity, and acceleration. It explains that everything in the universe is moving, forces cause changes in motion, and gravity is an attractive force between any two masses. Newton's three laws of motion describe how objects interact, and velocity is an object's rate of motion in a specific direction while acceleration is a change in velocity.
Amazon
Decomposers play an important role in ecosystems by breaking down dead or decaying organisms and recycling nutrients back into the environment. Fungi and bacteria are common decomposers that use enzymes to break down dead leaves, trees, and animal waste. The nutrients released during decomposition are then available for use by plants and other organisms in the ecosystem.
Trabajo naturales
The document describes Mediterranean forest biomes. It notes that Mediterranean forests have biotic factors like various trees, bushes, small mammals, and birds. Abiotic factors include water, air, earth, rain, sun and temperature. Mediterranean forests are defined as having a climate with dry summers and rainy winters, and they can be found around the Mediterranean Sea as well as parts of California, Australia, South Africa, and Chile. The document also states that Mediterranean forest ecosystems are threatened by global change, deforestation, and human alterations to the natural distribution of plants and ecological conditions.
Ppt0000011
This document summarizes the biotic and abiotic factors of Mediterranean forests. It describes the main plant species as oak, pine, and deciduous trees along with herbs like thyme and ivy. The animal kingdom is diverse with rodents, rabbits, wild boars, foxes, badgers, reptiles, birds and arthropods. It then explains the trophic levels including primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and decomposers such as fungi and bacteria. Finally, it notes that human actions that alter the ecosystem could cause extinction of species.
Ppt0000010
An ecosystem is a community of interrelated living and non-living things. It includes biotic factors like plants and animals, and abiotic factors such as water, temperature, and sunlight. Organisms fill different trophic levels within an ecosystem, with producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and decomposers. Decomposers play an important role by breaking down animal and plant remains. If human activities like fishing, introducing exotic species, or dumping alter an ecosystem, it could eventually destroy the ecosystem.
Ppt0000009
The document discusses the biotic and abiotic factors of Mediterranean forests, including trees, bushes, thorns, weeds, rabbits, pigeons, dormice, vultures, eagles, water, air, earth, rain, sun and temperature. It describes the Mediterranean climate as typically having dry summers and rainy winters, and notes that this climate type is found not only around the Mediterranean Sea but also in parts of California, Australia, South Africa, and Chile. The vegetation of Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub are defined as having dry summers and wet winters.
Ppt0000008
This document discusses the ecosystem of the Font Roja Natural Reserve. It notes that the biotic factors include existing plants and animals. Decomposer organisms break down organic matter and convert it into compounds that can be reused by producers. The document states that if one part of the ecosystem is affected, the entire ecosystem will be affected.
Ppt0000007
The Atlantic forest is a biodiverse ecosystem along Brazil's coast that originally spanned over 1 million square kilometers. It contains a variety of forests, woodlands, and mangroves and is home to many endemic plant and animal species. The climate is moderated by the proximity to the sea, with high rainfall and humidity. Common tree species include chestnut, beech, and oak, and animals like brown bears, chamois, and wolves live in the forest. Human activities like uncontrolled fires, soil erosion, hunting and monoculture farming threaten the Atlantic forest and its species.
Ppt0000006
The savanna ecosystem is dominated by grasses that grow during the rainy season in some areas near the equator. The climate is dry and wet. Primary consumers in the savanna include elephants, giraffes, deer, and zebras that feed on plants. Secondary consumers such as foxes, hyenas, and snakes feed on the herbivores. Lions, vultures, leopards, and crocodiles are the main tertiary consumers. Fungi and bacteria act as decomposers to break down organic matter into inorganic nutrients for producers. Unregulated hunting can disrupt the ecosystem by causing species extinction, which affects other species up the food chain.
Ecosistema africano richard and victor
The African ecosystem has abiotic factors like seasonal precipitation and temperature that influence soil quality and biotic factors such as sparse plants and various mammal, bird, and insect species. Savannas are typically wet grasslands, like the famous Serengeti plains, and a trophic network exists where decomposers break down organic matter for producers. Disrupting the natural cycle could have apocalyptic effects on the ecosystem.
Power nicoleta
The document discusses the abiotic and biotic factors of the Mediterranean ecosystem. Abiotic factors include water, temperature, light, pH, soil moisture, and nutrients that determine the physical space inhabited by living things. Biotic factors refer to the flora and fauna of the region and their interactions. Decomposers, which are heterotrophic organisms that eat organic matter, play an important role in ecosystems by breaking down dead organic matter.
Mediterranean revised - unknown names
The Mediterranean forest ecosystem relies on various biotic and abiotic factors. Producers include plants like madrone, oak, and cistus that support primary consumers like rabbits and deer. Secondary consumers such as snakes and lizards prey on primary consumers, while tertiary consumers like eagles and lynx consume secondary consumers. Decomposers break down organic matter. Any human-caused changes could disrupt this balance and endanger animal and plant species in both the short and long term.
Berta, maria, silvia f
The document describes the ecosystem of a pond, including biotic factors like plants and animals, abiotic factors like water and climate, and how the ecosystem changes with the seasons. In summer the pond is filled with flora and fauna, in spring plants and animals are in full growth and pollination, in autumn leaves fall and dirty the water, and in winter most animals hibernate and the water may freeze. The passage also notes potential contamination from human waste.
Ppt0000009
The document discusses the biotic and abiotic factors, food web, climate, and vegetation of Mediterranean forests. Mediterranean forests are characterized by dry summers and rainy winters and contain trees, bushes, thorns, weeds, rabbits, pigeons, dormice, vultures, and eagles. The abiotic factors include water, air, earth, rain, sun, and temperature. This type of forest is found around the Mediterranean Sea as well as in parts of California, Australia, South Africa, and Chile.
Ppt0000007
The Atlantic forest is a biodiverse ecosystem along Brazil's coast that originally spanned over 1 million square kilometers. It contains a variety of forests, woodlands, and mangroves and is home to many endemic plant and animal species. The climate is moderated by the proximity to the sea, with high rainfall and humidity. Some representative species include brown bears, deer, wolves, and various birds and trees. The ecosystem also contains a complex trophic network of producers, primary consumers, and predators. However, human activities like uncontrolled fires, hunting and deforestation threaten the extinction of many Atlantic forest species.
Ppt0000006
The savanna ecosystem is dominated by grasses that grow during the rainy season. The climate is dry and wet. Primary consumers include elephants, giraffes, deer, and zebras that feed on plants. Secondary consumers such as foxes, hyenas, and snakes feed on herbivores. Tertiary consumers like lions, vultures, and leopards feed on carnivores and herbivores. Decomposers such as fungi and bacteria break down organic matter into inorganic nutrients for producers. Unregulated hunting can disrupt the ecosystem by causing species extinctions that ripple through the food chain.
More from castellanocela (20)
Mediterranean revised - unknown names
- 2. • Biotic factors: Plants, animals. • Abiotic factors: Water , earth , air , temperature.
- 5. TrophicTrophic levels of alevels of a Mediterranean forestMediterranean forest • Producers : madrone, oak, cistus, wild olive oak.
- 6. • Primary consumers: rabbit, partridge, deer, country rat.
- 7. • Secondary consumers : snake, genet, lizard, marten, booted eagle ...
- 8. • Tertiary consumers: short-toed eagle, lynx, imperial eagle ...
- 9. • The role of decomposers: Transform the organic matter into inorganic matter.
- 10. • What would happen if the Mediterranean forest is altered by human actions? Any natural or deliberate change may involve an imbalance of areas of animal and plant species and have implications in the short or long term.