The Atlantic forest is a biodiverse ecosystem along Brazil's coast that originally spanned over 1 million square kilometers. It contains a variety of forests, woodlands, and mangroves and is home to many endemic plant and animal species. The climate is moderated by the proximity to the sea, with high rainfall and humidity. Common tree species include chestnut, beech, and oak, and animals like brown bears, chamois, and wolves live in the forest. Human activities like uncontrolled fires, soil erosion, hunting and monoculture farming threaten the Atlantic forest and its species.