The document discusses multiple lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution through natural selection, as proposed by Charles Darwin. 1. Hierarchical organization of life forms reflects evolutionary relationships, with more closely related organisms having more recent common ancestors. 2. The fossil record provides evidence of transitional forms and examples of evolution over time, such as the evolution of horses and whales. 3. Comparative anatomy reveals homologous and vestigial structures that indicate common descent with modification. 4. Comparative embryology shows that more closely related organisms have more similar embryonic development. 5. Molecular biology evidence, like DNA and protein comparisons, provides very strong support for evolution through the finding of common ancestry.

1. Evidence for Evolution Mark McGinley Associate Professor Honors College and Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University

10. Descent With Modification- Darwin’s Finches

11. Descent With Modification

12. Descent With Modification

13. Descent With Modification

14. Patterns of Macroevolution

15. Geologic Timescale

24. Darwin’s Notebook

28. Hierarchical Organization

30. Chordate Phylogeny

35. Beluga Whale

36. Ancestral Form- Pakicetus 50 mya

37. Transitional Form- Aetiocetus 25mya

38. Transition of Horse Feet

39. Horse Evolution

42. Homology of Vertebrate Fore-limbs

43. Homology of Mammalian Fore-limbs

44. Homologous Structures Whale vs. Hummingbird Skeletons

45. Homologous Structures-Plants

46. Homologous Structures-Cells

48. Vestigial Structures- Vestigial Legs Snakes Whales

50. Comparative Embryology

51. Evidence From Comparative Embryology

53. Evidence From Molecular Biology A aat tc g ctt cta gga atc tgc cta atc ctg B ... ..a .. g ..a . t . ... ... t .. ... .. a C ... ..a .. c .. c ... .. t ... ... ... t . a D ... ..a .. a .. g .. g .. t ... t . t .. t t .. Each amino acid difference in a protein or each nucleotide difference in DNA sequence is a character.

54. Molecular Evidence Building a Phylogenetic Tree

56. Molecular Evidence

57. Molecular Evidence

58. Molecular Evidence

59. Molecular Evidence

64. Human Evolution