This document is a presentation by Group 4 of Diploma Civil "A" on the topic of fuel and combustion. It introduces different types of fuels such as solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. Solid fuels discussed include coal, coke, and charcoal. Liquid fuels mentioned are tar, kerosene, diesel, petrol, and gas. Gaseous fuels include natural gas, coal gas, and biogas. The presentation covers the characteristics of good fuels, classification of fuels, advantages and disadvantages of different fuel types, and concepts of combustion and calorific values. In the end, the group thanks their professor Mr. Tarang Agarwal for giving them the opportunity to present.

1. GROUP FOUR OF DIPLOMA CIVIL “A”

2. Presentation On Fuel & Combustion
Submitted By Submitted To
Group4 Mr Tarang Agarwal Sir
Diploma Civil A

3. Group Members
Mohd Arif-DCE2013018
Mohit kr Rajput-DCE2013048
Mohd Tassavar-DCE2013098
Wasim Ahmad-DCE2013010
Mohd Danish-DCE2013022
Shoaib Parvez-DCE2013054
Mohd Suhel-DCE2013042

4. Introduction
• Fuels
• Non-renewable Conventional Sources
• In Mechanical, Electrical & Chemical operations.

5. Characteristics of Good Fuels:
• High Calorific Values
• Moderate Ignition Temperature
• Low Moisture Content
• Low Ash Content
• Moderate Velocity of Combustion
• Should not produce harmful products
• Low Cost
• Easy Storage & Transportation
• Easily Controllable

6. Classification
• Natural or Primary Fuels
Solid
e.g.
Wood, Peat,
Lignite, Bitu
minous
Coal, Dung
Liquid
e.g.
Crude Oil,
Vegetable Oil
Gaseous
e.g.
Natural Gas

7. Classification
Solid
e.g.
Coke,
Charcoal,
Liquid
e.g.
Tar, Kerosen
e,
Diesel, Petro
l,
Gaseous
e.g.
Coal
Gas, Water
Gas,
Bio-Gas

8. Solid Fuel.
Coal
coal is the most common solid fuel.it is generally
dark brown/black.sedimentary rock which is derived
from unoxidised remain of animal and plants
TYPES OF COAL
Peat
Lignite
Bituminus
Anthracite
.

9. Advantages & Disadvantages Of Solid Fuels:
Advantages
(a) They are easy to transport.
(b) They are convenient to store without any risk of
spontaneous explosion.
(c) Their cost of production is low.
(d) They posses moderate ignition temperature
Disadvantages
(a) Their ash content is high.
(b) Their large proportion of heat is wasted.
(c) They burn with clinker formation.
(d) Their combustion operation cannot be controlled easily.
(e) Their cost of handling is high.

10. Liquid Fuels
fuels that are in liquid form are called liquid fuels.
These are generally obtained from petroleum & its by
product.these liquid fuel are a complex mixture of
hydrocarbon that are obtain from refining the crude
petroleum oil
some of the liquid fuel are:
petrol
diesel
kerosine

11. The advantages and disadvantages of liquid fuels are:
Advantages:
(a)They posses higher calorific value per unit mass than solid fuels.
(b) They burn without dust, ash, clinkers, etc.
(c)They are easy to transport through pipes.
(d) They can be stored indefinitely without any loss
Disadvantages
(a) The cost of liquid fuel is relatively much higher as compared to solid fuel.
(b) Costly special storage tanks are required for storing liquid fuels.
(c) There is a greater risk of five hazards, particularly, in case of highly
inflammable and volatile liquid fuels.
(d) They give bad odour

12. GASEOUS FUELS
These are the fuel that are in gaseuos phase.gaseous fuel
are also hydrocarbon
Which are derived from petrolium reserve.most common
gaseous fuel is natural gas(methye is the main component)
gaseous fuel may also be produce
Artificially from burning solid fuel(coal & water)
Some of the gaseous fuels produce artificially:
Natural gas
Coal gas
Producer gas,etc.

13. The advantages and disadvantages of gaseous fuels
Advantages
(a) They are clean in use.
(b) They do not require any special burner.
(c) They burn without any shoot, or smoke and ashes.
(d) They are free from impurities found in solid and liquid fuels.
Disadvantages
(a) Very large storage tanks are needed.
(b) They are highly inflammable, so chances of fire hazards in
their use is high.

14. Combustion
Combustion is defined as the process of burning of a
substance in the presence of air or oxygen with the liberation
of light and heat.
Lets see some Images

15. Combustible Substances
Substances that burn in air to produce light and
heat are called combustible substances
Eg- Paper , Wood , Kerosene , LPG .

16. NoN-Combustible Substances
Substances that do not burn in air to produce light and heat are called
combustible substances
Eg-Water , Sand , Glass , Cement .

17. Calorific Values:
• Calorific Value of fuel is the total quantity of heat
liberated by complete combustion of a unit mass
(or volume) of the fuel.

18. Calorific Values

19. Higher Calorific Values:
• It is the total amount of heat liberated, when unit
mass / volume of the fuel is burnt completely and
the products of combustion have been cooled to
room temperature (i.e. 15oC).

20. Lower Calorific Values:
• It is the net amount of heat liberated, when unit
mass / volume of the fuel is burnt completely and
the products of combustion are allowed to escape.

21. THANKING YOU SIR FOR GIVING A GLORIOUS CHANCE TO
PRESENT
THIS PRESENTATION AT THE FRONT OF CLASS
WE ARE VERY THANKFUL
Mr.Tarang Agarwal Sir
THE END