Primary fuels – Fuels which occur naturally such as coal, crude petroleum and natural gas. Coal and crude petroleum, formed from organic matter many millions of years ago, are referred to as fossil fuels.
Secondary fuels – Fuels which are derived from naturally occurring ones by a treatment process such as coke, gasoline, coal gas etc.
Primary fuels – Fuels which occur naturally such as coal, crude petroleum and natural gas. Coal and crude petroleum, formed from organic matter many millions of years ago, are referred to as fossil fuels.
Secondary fuels – Fuels which are derived from naturally occurring ones by a treatment process such as coke, gasoline, coal gas etc.
Different Types Of Fuels That You Should Know
Avgas (Aviation Gasoline) Aviation Gasoline, also known as Avgas, is a special oil produced from small parts or fractions of petroleum. ...
Avtur (Aviation Turbine) ...
Kerosene. ...
Solar Oil (HSD) ...
Diesel Oil (MDF) ...
Fuel Oil (MFO) ...
Biodiesel. ...
Gasoline.
Different Types Of Fuels That You Should Know
Avgas (Aviation Gasoline) Aviation Gasoline, also known as Avgas, is a special oil produced from small parts or fractions of petroleum. ...
Avtur (Aviation Turbine) ...
Kerosene. ...
Solar Oil (HSD) ...
Diesel Oil (MDF) ...
Fuel Oil (MFO) ...
Biodiesel. ...
Gasoline.
This presentation is regarding alternate fuels and their future scope, for I.C. Engine and with that we try to achieve as low as possible gas emission, this presentation give brief introductory idea about fuels and their properties.
Download Link (Copy URL):
https://sites.google.com/view/varunpratapsingh/teaching-engagements
INTRODUCTION OF FUEL
Coal
Oil Gas
Power Plant
Energy
Fuel
Fuel Analysis
B.Tech., Engineering, final year project, ppt presentation templates, college of engineering Roorkee, Varun Pratap Singh, mechanical engineering, coer, utu, Uttarakhand technical university, Dehradun, Course work, Syllabus
The various sources of energy can be listed as follows:
1. Fossil Fuels
2. Stored or flowing water (Hydel Energy)
3. Nuclear Fuels (Nuclear Energy)
4. Sun (Solar Energy)
5. Wind (Wind Energy)
6. Rise and fall of tides (Tidal Energy)
7. Geothermal Energy
8. Biomass and bio-fuels
In coal fired power plants coal is a main fuel for combustion purpose. Before use of coal different tests are to be carried out to analysis the constituent elements and some undesirable contamination in the coal. Discuss the analysis procedures of the coal.
The analysis of coal is as follows C=82%, H=6%,O2=4% and remaining is ash. Determine the amount of theoretical air required for complete combustion. If the actual air supplied is 40% in excess and 80% of given carbon is burnt to CO2 and remaining is CO. Conduct the volumetric analysis of dry products of combustion.
Fuels and combustion jgfgggjhg gyuuyu.pptAnasGhalib1
to add information in oil and gas technology and unit operation hiuiuyiiuy iuiuyiuyiuy uhiuyiuyiuhiyuyooo Methods for exporting certifications include:
· Utilizing test centers in other countries or making computerbased examinations available internationally.
· Creating licensing agreements with local professional
societies or academic programs to act as an agent of the
certification organization in different countries. In such an
arrangement, the exporting agency contracts with the local
agency to manage the exam process, review applications
and award the credential in the name of the exporting
agency. Expenses and revenues from the program may be
shared. This model is particularly successful in countries
where the profession is just emerging as a specific defined
area of expertise and where no local existing mechanism
exists to confer professional recognition on individuals. In
these circumstances, the external certification agency can
help the profession be recognized and can assist in guiding
its growth.
· Establishing branch offices in other countries, staffed by
individuals who report directly to the home organization.
Operational issues to
consider when offering
certifications in multiple
countries
Selecting exam sites
Selecting which countries to work with and selecting where
to physically house the administration of an exam are key
challenges. These decisions are not the same and different
factors need to be considered in making each of these
decisions. . There is a difference between marketing to
applicants in a specific country and actually offering the exam
in that country. There may be reasons why it would be better to
offer the exam in a country other than a direct primary market.
Political, financial, geographic and accessibility factors
become part of this equation. Designing Examinations and
Other Assessments
To facilitate an understanding of international component
requirements, it is helpful for a certification body to compare
the structure and content of its domestic certification
scheme with the structure and content of its foreign
certification scheme. It is important to thoroughly consider
the implications for increasing personnel mobility across
international borders. If the structure and content differ, the
question of whether the credentials of successful candidates
should be considered equivalent is of particular importance.
The paradigm that follows provides certification bodies with a
useful classification model to address these important issues
in comparing domestic and foreign schemes.
A. Same: The examination content outline or blueprint, and
eligibility requirements are identical for all countries.
B. Equivalent: The items on the International Component
are substantively the same as on the Domestic Component,
differing nominally to account for linguistic and cultural
nuances, and/or professional differences. For example, a
drug that is included as a distractor option
Boilers: classification, performance parameters, Draught and its calculations,KIET Group of Institutions
Boilers, classification of boilers, working of different boilers, boiler mountings and accessories, performance parameters of a boiler, heat balance sheet, draught and its calculations
Heat Pump, their types, Classification of airconditioning system, ventilation: its purpose and types, Tunnel and Mine ventilation, All air, All water and Air-water airconditioning system
Effect of Shading Devices, Infiltartion-stack effect, wind pressures, Internal Heat Gains, System Heat gain, cooling and heating load estimates, Energy conservations in airconditioning buildings
Ducts, its classification, AHU and its requirements, Duct Design Methods, Losses in Ducting, Fans and its types, Fan Characteristics, Basic elements of HVAC control system
Air Pollution, Sources of air pollution, types of pollutants, sources of pollutants from I.C. Engines, Effect of pollutants on health, Emission Standards
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
2. What is a Fuel?
• Fuels are combustible
substance, containing carbon
as main constituents, which on
proper burning gives large
amount of heat, which can be
used economically for
domestic and industrial
purposes.
• Alternately, materials which
possess chemical energy is
known as fuel.
• For example Wood, Charcoal,
coal, Kerosene, petrol diesel,
oil gas etc.
Ankur Sachdeva, AP, ME
3. Combustion of a fuel
• During the process of combustion of a fuel, the atom of carbon,
hydrogen etc. combine with oxygen with simultaneous liberation of
Heat at rapid rate.
• This energy is liberated due to the “rearrangement of valence
electrons” in these atoms, resulting in the formation of Compounds
like CO2 and H2O.
• These compounds have less energy (heat content) as compared to
reactants.
Ankur Sachdeva, AP, ME
FUEL + O2 PRODUCTS + HEAT
More heat energy content Lesser heat energy content
C (s) + O2(g) CO2(g) + DH= -94.1Kcal/mole
4. Classification of Fuels
Ankur Sachdeva, AP, ME
➢ These can be classified based on their occurrence and
physical state.
➢ (a) On the basis of occurrence they are of two types:
Primary Fuels: Fuels which occur in nature as such are
called primary fuels. E.g., wood, peat, coal, petroleum,
and natural gas.
Secondary Fuels: The fuels which are derived from the
primary fuels by further chemical processing are called
secondary fuels. Example: coke, charcoal, kerosene,
coal gas, producer gas etc.
5. Classification of Fuels
Ankur Sachdeva, AP, ME
➢ On the basis of physical state these may be classified
as:
Solid Fuels: Wood, Peat, Lignite etc.
Liquid Fuels: Crude oil, Tar, Diesel, Petrol, Kerosene.
Gaseous Fuels: Natural gas, coal gas
7. Solid Fuels
• Solid fuels are mainly
classified into two
categories, i.e.
• (i) Natural fuels, such as
wood, coal, etc.
• (ii) Manufactured fuels,
such as charcoal, coke,
briquettes, etc.
Ankur Sachdeva, AP, ME
8. Merits & Demerits of Solid Fuels
• The various advantages and disadvantages of solid fuels are given
below :
Advantages
(a) They are easy to transport.
(b) They are convenient to store without any risk of spontaneous
explosion.
(c) Their cost of production is low.
(d) They have moderate ignition temperature.
Disadvantages
(a) Their ash content is high.
(b) Their large proportion of heat is wasted.
(c) They burn with clinker formation.
(d) Their combustion operation cannot be controlled easily.
(e) Their cost of handling is high.
Ankur Sachdeva, AP, ME
10. Merits of Liquid Fuels
The liquid fuels can be classified as follows :
(a) Natural or crude oil, and
(b) Artificial or manufactured oils.
Advantages
(a) They possess higher calorific value per unit mass than solid fuels.
(b) They burn without dust, ash, clinkers, etc.
(c) Their firing is easier, and fire can be extinguished easily by stopping
liquid fuel supply.
(d) They are easy to transport through pipes.
(e) They can be stored indefinitely without any loss.
(f) They are clean in use and economic to handle.
(g) Loss of heat in chimney is very low due to greater cleanliness.
(h) They require less excess air for complete combustion.
(i) They require less furnace space for combustion.
Ankur Sachdeva, AP, ME
11. Demerits of Liquid Fuels
Disadvantages
(a) The cost of liquid fuel is relatively much higher as
compared to solid fuel.
(b) Costly special storage tanks are required for storing
liquid fuels.
(c) There is a greater risk of fire hazards, particularly, in
case of highly inflammable and volatile liquid fuels.
(d) They give bad odour.
(e) For efficient burning of liquid fuels, specially
constructed burners and spraying apparatus are required.
Ankur Sachdeva, AP, ME
12. Gaseous Fuels
Ankur Sachdeva, AP, ME
• A) Fuels naturally found in nature
- Natural gas
- Methane from coal mines
• (B) Fuel gases made from solid fuel
- Gases derived from coal
- Gases derived from waste and biomass
- From other industrial processes
• (C) Gases made from petroleum
- Liquefied Petroleum gas (LPG)
- Refinery gases
- Gases from oil gasification
• (D) Gases from some fermentation
13. Merits of Gaseous Fuels
• Gaseous fuels occur in nature, besides being manufactured from
solid and liquid fuels.
Advantages:
(a) They can be conveyed easily through pipelines to the actual place
of need, thereby eliminating manual labour in transportation.
(b) They can be lighted at ease.
(c) They have high heat contents and hence help us in having higher
temperatures.
(d) They can be pre-heated by the heat of hot waste gases, thereby
affecting economy in heat.
(e) Their combustion can readily by controlled for change in demand
like oxidizing or reducing atmosphere, length flame, temperature, etc.
(f) They are clean in use.
(g) They do not require any special burner.
(h) They burn without any soot, or smoke and ashes.
(i) They are free from impurities found in solid and liquid fuels.
Ankur Sachdeva, AP, ME
14. Demerits of Gaseous Fuels
• Disadvantages
(a) Very large storage tanks are needed.
(b) They are highly inflammable, so chances of
fire hazards in their use is high.
Ankur Sachdeva, AP, ME
17. Wood
• Wood has been used as a
fuel from ancient times.
• Domestic fuel used in
tropical countries where
forest are abundant and
other fuels are not easily
and cheaply available.
• Due to large scale
deforestation, wood is no
longer in the boiler used
for producing steam.
Ankur Sachdeva, AP, ME
Briquettes with hole
Solid Briquettes
Pellets
18. Wood
• Wood fuel can refer to several fuels such as firewood, charcoal, wood
chips sheets, pellets, and sawdust.
• The particular form used depends upon factors such as source, quantity,
quality and application
• Wood is vegetable tissue of trees and bushes.
• It consists of mainly cellular tissue and lignin and lesser parts of fat and
tar, as well as sugar.
• Main combustible components: cellulose and lignin (compounds of
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen)
• Minor combustible components: resin and waxes.
Ankur Sachdeva, AP, ME
19. Constituents of Wood
• Freshly cut wood contains 25-50%
moisture.
• Air dried wood contains about 10-
15% moisture content.
• The calorific value of air-dried
wood is about 3500-4500 kcal/kg.
• When wood burns, the ash
content is low, but the oxygen
content is very high. This makes
even dry wood a fuel of low
calorific value.
• Wood charcoal is obtained by
destructive distillation of wood.
• The major use of wood charcoal is
for producing activated carbon.
Ankur Sachdeva, AP, ME