Food provides energy and nutrients for human growth and physiological processes. Historically, humans obtained food through gathering and hunting, but most modern societies rely on agriculture, animal domestication, and fishing. Agricultural advances like mixed farming, irrigation, fertilizers, and high-yielding seeds contributed to increased global food supply, though population growth and land degradation still threaten food security in some areas. India faces food problems due to issues like poverty, population growth, and lack of infrastructure and technology, which modern agricultural methods and distribution systems aim to address.

1. FoodResources
 Food refers to anything eaten by man which gives
energy and which is able to meet physiological
needs for growth of human body
Importance of food
 Food is a source of energy for man. It is used for
maintaining all body processes and activities.
 for physical and mental development
 for protection and regulation of body needs.

2. Sources of food
Princeton societies obtained food mainly through
gathering and hunting.
 Modern societies obtain food through
 cultivation through agriculture
 Domestication of animals
 Fishing
 World food supply
 Ancient period : Through gathering and hunting.
 Agricultural Revolution : with the application of
science and technology world food supply increased
remarkably.

3. World food supply
It includes the adoption of
 Mixed farming
 Good irrigation facilities
 Control of soil erosion
 Quality seeds
 Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
 Good agricultural implements
 Availability of storage and market facilities
 Green Revolution : Resulted in remarkable increase in
food production which made a country self sufficient.
The quality of food also improved.

4. World food Problems
 Large Population - Inspite of green revolution it could
not meet the needs of growing population. agricultural
land got loot due urbanization.
 Energy : Farmers cannot afford fertilizers and
pesticides.
 Land, weather and climate : Agriculture is a gamble on
climatic conditions
 Absence of food security which depends on
 food availability
 purchasing power

5. Food Problems in India
The principle causes of food-shortage in India
• Want of improved methods of cultivation through
science and technology
• Poverty and lack of purchasing power
• Tillers are not in feasts
• Excessive growth of population
• Lack of cold storage facility
• Wastage of food for ignorance of preserving method
• Wastage of food in wrong process of cooking

6. How to solve the food problem of India
• Introduction of improved method of cultivation based
on science and technology
• Improvement of financial and educational status of
Indian cultivators
• Balancing the demand with supply
• Checking population growth
• Increasing production of food grains
• Protection of food from rats, insecticides etc.
• Judicious distribution of available supplies
• Proper public distribution
• Proper transport facilities

7. Over Grazing
 Live stock is an important source food in many
countries including India meat and milk are obtained
from live stock. Hence live stock less to be fed on
grazing lands.
 Adverse effects of over grazing :
• Over Grazing Removes the Vegetation cover of the soil .
 Plant population regeneration capacity is lost
 Exposes the soil
 Exposive leading to less production
 Leads to soil erosion
 Leads to water infiltration capacity of soil

8. Over Grazing
 Live stock is an important source food in many
countries including India meat and milk are obtained
from live stock. Hence live stock less to be fed on
grazing lands.
 Adverse effects of over grazing :
• Over Grazing Removes the Vegetation cover of the soil .
 Plant population regeneration capacity is lost
 Exposes the soil
 Exposive leading to less production
 Leads to soil erosion
 Leads to water infiltration capacity of soil

9. Effects of Modern agriculture
 Modern agriculture refers to carrying on agriculture with
the intensive use of irrigation facilities,
 chemical fertilizers, high yielding varieties of quality seeds,
pesticides and insecticides
 modern form machinery with a view to obtain higher
agricultural productivity and production.
 It’s also called as green revolution.
Benefits of modern agriculture:
 Contributed to high yields of agricultural crops.
 Created awareness, interest among farmers for
implementation of better techniques.
 Improved income for the farmers.
 Rasied the standard of living of farmers.
 Increased employment opportunities.
 Increased the economy of a country.

10. Adverse impact of Modern agriculture
1. Fertilizer related problems.
 Excessive usage of chemical fertilizers lead to a micro
nutrient imbalance in the soil resulting in low
production.
 Nitrogen and phosphorus used in agricultural fields is
washed off and released to the neighbouring water
bodies which causes eutrophication
2. Pesticide related problem.
 Excessive usage of pesticides killed not only the
targeted pests and – insects but also non targeted
species which are useful for agricultural crops and
ecosystem
 Affected the quality of food crops resulting in adverse
human health.

11. Adverse impact of Modern agriculture
3. Water Logging
 excess water gets accumulated in the fields due to
inadequate drainage facilities
 It is because of over irrigation of agricultural fields by
farmers.
 Mechanical strength of water logged soil is reduced.
4. Salinity
 Use of saline water for irrigation
 Presence of excess salt in the soil
 Reduced crop production
5. Genetic diversity of Agricultural crops