Railway engineering involves the design, construction, and operation of railroads and mass transit systems. It is a branch of civil engineering that deals with track design, station layout, signaling systems, and train movement control. Typical tasks for railway engineers include determining horizontal and vertical alignment, estimating construction costs, and establishing signaling and control systems. Railway tracks consist of rails laid on sleepers embedded in ballast. Points and crossings allow trains to switch tracks. A variety of signals are used to safely direct train movement.
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
This presentation discusses the points and crossings used in railways. Especially It deals with the types of turnout - Right-Hand Turnout and Left-hand Turnout. parts of turnout and also the different types of crossings based on the angle.
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
This presentation discusses the points and crossings used in railways. Especially It deals with the types of turnout - Right-Hand Turnout and Left-hand Turnout. parts of turnout and also the different types of crossings based on the angle.
Railway secondary part of the transportation . Railway use of maximum materials transport of one place to other place. Particular time of number of trains are move of particular junction so these part are used of points and crossing.
Best helpful of these ppt of railway track and design purposes.
This Presentation Contains Railway engineering concepts. The contents covered are Points & crossings: Turnout, switches, throw switches, diamond crossing, cross-overs, single slip and double slip, scissor cross-over, Triangle & turntable. Feel free to write in Comment Section or drop a line in my Inbox amanbathla710@gmail.com
This ppt describes the types of signals used in Indian railway and other railways around the world. They may seem complicated but their applications are fascinating, espesially you will like signals such as detonators which blast (certainly not harmful but they warn the drivers by their blast)
I'm Irfan Nasir. Currently studying Civil Engineering at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology. This is a slide made by me on Defects in rails from the subject Transportation Engineering.
Railway secondary part of the transportation . Railway use of maximum materials transport of one place to other place. Particular time of number of trains are move of particular junction so these part are used of points and crossing.
Best helpful of these ppt of railway track and design purposes.
This Presentation Contains Railway engineering concepts. The contents covered are Points & crossings: Turnout, switches, throw switches, diamond crossing, cross-overs, single slip and double slip, scissor cross-over, Triangle & turntable. Feel free to write in Comment Section or drop a line in my Inbox amanbathla710@gmail.com
This ppt describes the types of signals used in Indian railway and other railways around the world. They may seem complicated but their applications are fascinating, espesially you will like signals such as detonators which blast (certainly not harmful but they warn the drivers by their blast)
I'm Irfan Nasir. Currently studying Civil Engineering at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology. This is a slide made by me on Defects in rails from the subject Transportation Engineering.
The branch of Civil Engineering which deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the railway tracks for safe and efficient movements of trains is called Railway Engineering
BALLAST
RAILS
SLEEPERS
POINTS OF CROSSINGS
POINTS OF SWITCH
The rolled steel sections laid
end to end in two parallel lines
over sleepers to form a railway
track are known as RAILS The rails used in the construction of railway track can be divided into the following three types :
(1) Double Headed Rails (D.H. Rail)
(2) Flat Footed Rails (F.F. Rail)
(3) Bull Headed Rails (B.H. Rail)
Railway engineering is a multi-faceted engineering discipline dealing with the design, construction and operation of all types of rail transport systems.
Railway Engineering:
Permanent Way, Rail Gauge, Broad Gauge, Meter Gauge, Narrow Gauge, Choice of Gauge, Uniformity of Gauge, Rails - Double headed, Bull Headed, Flat footed Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Formation, Types of sleepers, Merits and Demerits, Functions of sleepers, Requirements of good sleepers,Spacing of sleepers, Sleeper Density, Characteristics of good ballast, Capacity of a railway track, Track Fixtures and Fastening, Types of fixtures and fastening, Fish Plates, Dog Spikes, Rail Joints, Creep of Rails, Indication of Creep, Disadvantages of creep in rails, Remedies for prevention of creep, Theory of creep, Coning of Wheels, Theory of coning, Adzing of sleepers, Gradients, Grade compensation on curves, Radius and degree of curves, Super-elevation, Negative cant, Cant Deficiency, Equilibrium speed, Maximum permissible speed, Necessity of geometric design, Track defects, Transition curves, Vertical curves, Points and crossings, Types of crossings, Turnouts, Switches, Interlocking, Signalling, Classification and types of Signals, Semaphore type signal, Detonating signals, Dock signals, Shunting Signals, Warner Signals, Reception & Departure Signals, Railway Station, Purpose of a Railway Station, Site selection for Railway Stations, Track Drainage, Why Need of Proper Drainage.
Airport Engineering:
Basic Terms (AAI, ICAO, IATA), Airport System plan, Master plan, Airport Classification, Site Selection, Imaginary Surfaces, Aircraft Characteristics, Important components of Airport Layout, Runway, Runway Configuration, Runway Orientation, Factors affecting Runway Orientation, Wind Direction Indicator, Wind Rose Diagram - Type I & Type II, Basic Runway Length, Corrections for Elevation, Temperature & Gradient, Actual Runway Length, Runway Geometric (ICAO), Taxiways, Exit Taxiways, Location of Exit Taxiways, Holding Aprons, Hanger, Terminal Building, Aircraft Parking, Airport Marking & Lightning.
Railways Harbors Tunneling and Airports Module 1 complete presentation as per VTU Syllabus
• The gauge should be correct and uniform.
• The rails should be in proper level. In a straight track, two rails must be at the same
level. On curves, the outer rail should have proper super elevation and there should be
proper transition at the junction of a straight and a curve.
• The alignment should be correct i.e., it should be free from irregularities.
• The gradient should be uniform and as gentle as possible. Any change of gradient
should be followed by a smooth vertical curve, to give smooth riding quality.
• The track should be resilient and elastic in order to adsorb shocks and vibrations of
running tracks.
• The radii and super elevation on curves should be properly designed and maintained
Introduction to railway tracks. in above presentation the types of rails, requirements and failures of rails is thoroughly mentioned in layman language.
This Presentation Contains Railway engineering concepts. The contents covered are Permanent way: Requirement, its component. Feel free to write in Comment Section or drop a line in my Inbox amanbathla710@gmail.com.
Significance of Road, Rail, Air and Water transports - Coordination of all modes to achieve sustainability - Elements of permanent way – Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, rail fixtures and fastenings, - Track Stress, coning of wheels, creep in rails, defects in rails – Route alignment surveys, conventional and modern methods- - Soil suitability analysis - Geometric design of railways, gradient, super elevation, widening of gauge on curves- Points and Crossings
This presentation helps you to understand all concepts as per DBATU, Lonere for Last Year BTech Civil Subject- Infrastructural Engg.
Module-II
Points and Crossings:
Standard types, Design of simple turnout, various types of Junctions, Stations and Yards: Purpose, Location, Site selection, general layouts of Terminus and Junction, Signaling and Interlocking, Construction and Maintenance of Track, Modern trends in Railways
etc.
The Effect of Rise Husk Ash on Strength and Permeability of ConcreteAkshay D Nicator
HA, produced after burning of Rice husks (RH) has high reactivity and pozzolanic property. Indian Standard code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete, IS 456- 2000, recommends use of RHA in concrete but does not specify quantities.
AutoCAD’s paper space mode is a bit like having a page in a scrapbook onto which you can paste different views of your AutoCAD drawing. This whole page can then be plotted. This exercise is designed to help you create an A3 drawing sheet in Paper Space and to add floating viewports. The exercise also discusses some other Paper Space considerations such as plotting to scale from Paper Space and layer display in viewports.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
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Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
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3. Railway Engineering
• It is a branch of civil engineering concerned with the design,
construction, maintenance, and operation of railways.
• Railway engineering includes elements of civil, mechanical,
industrial, and electrical engineering.
• Railway engineers handle the design, construction, and operation
of railroads and mass transit systems that use a fixed guideway
(such as light rail or even monorails).
• Typical tasks would include determining horizontal and vertical
alignment design, station location and design, construction cost
estimating, and establishment of signaling & controlling system.
• Railroad engineers can also move into the specialized field of
train dispatching which focuses on train movement control.
5. RAIL GAUGE
The gauge of a railway track is defined as the
clear minimum perpendicular distance between
the inner faces of the two rails.
6. Dimension of gauges
1. Broad Gauge(BG) 1676mm(5’6”)
2. Standard Gauge(SG) 1435mm
3. Metre Gauge(MG) 1000mm
4. Narrow Gauge(NG) 762mm(2’6”)
5. Light Gauge 610mm
7. Coning of Wheels
• Coning of wheels – The distance between the inside edges of
wheel flanges is generally kept less than the gauge. Gap is
about 38 mm on Either side. Normally the tyre is absolutely
ahead centre on the head of the rail, as the wheel is coned to
keep it in this central position automatically. These wheel are
coned at a slope
• Theory of coning:- On a level track, as soon as the axle moves
towards one rail, the diameter of the wheel tread over the rail
increases, while It decreases over the other rail. This prevents
to further movement And axle retreats back to its original
position (with equal dia or both rails and equal pressure on
both rails).
9. RAILS
The high carbon rolled steel sections, which are laid
end-to-end, in two parallel lines over sleepers to
provide continuous and leveled surface for the trains
to move and for carrying axle loads of the rolling
stock are called rails.
`
10. Functions of the rails:
To provide continuous and level surface for the
movement of trains with minimum friction with
steel wheels of the rolling stock;
Provide strength, durability and lateral guidance
to the track;
Transmit the axle loads to sleepers which transfer
the same load to the underlying ballast and
formation;
Bear the stresses developed due to heavy vertical
loads, breaking forces and temperature variance.
12. Length of Rails
On Indian Railways the standard lengths are the following:
Length = 12.80 m. (42 ft.) for BG (say 13 m) and
Length = 11.89 m. (39 ft.) for MG (say 12 m)
13. Corrugated or Roaring Rails
In certain places, head of rails are found to be
corrugated rather than smooth and straight,
when the vehicles pass over such rails, a roaring
sound is created which is intense enough to be
unpleasant.
14. Hogged Rails
Due to battering action of wheels over the end of the rails, the
rails get bent down and get deflected at the ends. These rails are
called hogged rails.
Measures taken to rectify the hogged rails are:
1. Cropping
2. Replacing
3. Welding
4. Dehogging
16. Kinks In Rails
When the ends of adjoining rails move slightly out of position,
“shoulders” or “kinks” are formed.
Measures taken to rectify kinks in rails:
1. By correcting alignment at joints and at curved locations.
2. Proper packing of joints.
3. Proper maintenance of the track periodically in repect of
cross levels, gauge, alignment, welding of worn out portions
etc.
17. Buckling of Rails
Buckling means the track has gone out of its original position or
alignment due to prevention of expansion of rails in hot weather
on account of temperature variations.
18. Damaged Rails
These are the rails which should be removed on
account of their becoming unsafe for a railway
track.
19. Rail Features
• Crushed Heads
• Square or Angular Break
• Split Heads
• Split Web
• Horizontal Fissures
• Transverse Fissures
• Flowing Metal in Heads
• Horizontal Cracks
30. Creep of Rails
Creep is defined as the longitudinal movement
of the rail with respect to the sleepers.
31. Defects of Creep
(i) Sleepers move out of position thereby the rail gauge.
(ii) Position of points and crossings are disturbed.
(iii) Interlocking mechanism gets
disturbed.
32. Remedies or Prevention of Creep
• Pulling back of rails
• Provision of Anchors or Anticreepers.
• Use of steel sleepers.
Anticreeper
33. Sleepers
Sleepers are the transverse ties that are laid to
support the rails. They transmit wheel load from
the rails to the ballast.
34. Classification of sleepers
(i) Wooden sleeper
(ii) Metal sleeper
Cast iron sleeper
Steel sleeper
(iii) Concrete sleeper
Reinforced concrete
Sleeper (R.C.C)
Prestressed Concrete
Sleeper .
38. Sleeper Density
Sleeper density is the number of sleepers Per
rail length. It is specified as (M+x) or (N+x),
where M or N is the length of the rail in meters
and x is a number that varies according to
factors such as axle load, speed, type & section
of the rail etc.
It varies in India from M+4 to M+7 for main
tracks.
39. Track Fittings & Fastenings
• Fish plates
• Spikes
– Dog spikes
– Screw spikes
– Round spikes
– Standard spikes
– Elastic spikes
• Bolts
– Dog or Hook bolt
– Fish bolt
– Rag bolt
– Fang nut and bolt
• Keys
– Wooden key for C.I. Chair
– M.S. key and steel trough
sleepers
– Stuart’s key
– Morgan key
– Cotter and tie bars
• Chairs
– Cast steel chairs
– Mild steel and Cast Iron
Slide Chairs
46. Ballast
To provide structural support for
the track, holding it in good line
and surface
To distribute the load evenly to the
subballast and subgrade and thus
help to provide stability
Provide for drainage
Ballast in railroad terminology is durable granular material placed between
the crosstie and the sub ballast to hold the track in line and grade.
The primary purposes of ballast are:
48. Types of Ballast
• Broken Stone
• Gravel or River Pebbles or Shingle
• Ashes or Cinders
• Sand
• Mooram
• Kankar
• Brick Ballast
• Blast Furnace Slag
• Selected Earth
49. Ballast Size
• For wooden sleepers = 5.1 cm
• For steel sleepers = 3.8 cm
• For under switches & crossings = 2.54 cm
50. Points & Crossings
• Points and crossings provide flexibility of
movement by connecting one line to another
according to requirements.
• They also help for imposing restrictions over
turnouts which necessarily retard the
movements.
• From safety aspect, it is also important as points
and crossings are weak kinks or points in the
track and vehicles are susceptible to derailments
at these places.
51. Turnouts
• It’s the simplest combination of points and crossings which
enables one track either a branch line or a siding, to take
off from another track.
• Parts of a turnout:
– A pair of points or switches
– A pair of stockrails
– A Vee crossing
– Two check rails
– Four lead rails
– Switch tie plate
– Studs or stops
– Bearing plates, slide chairs, stretcher bars etc.
– For operating the points – rods, cranks, levers etc.
– For locking system – locking box, lock bar, plunger bar etc.
55. Crossings
A crossing or a frog is a device which provides two flangeways
through which the wheels of the flanges may move, when two
rails intersect each other at an angle.
63. Signalling
It consists of the systems, devices and means by
which trains are operated efficiently and tracks
are used to maximum extent, maintaining the
safety of the passengers, the staff and the rolling
stock.
64. On the basis of Operating
Characteristics:
• Detonating Signals (Fog or audible signals)
• Hand signals (Visual Indication signals)
• Fixed signals (Visual Indication signals)
68. • Stop or Semaphore type Signals
• Warner Signals
• Shunting Signals (Disc or Ground Signals)
• Coloured-light Signals
On the basis of Functional
Characteristics:
75. • Repeater or Co-acting signals
• Routing Signals
• Calling on signals
• Point indicator
• Modified lower quadrant semaphore signal
• Miscellaneous signals
On the basis of Special Characteristics: