The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and exercises executive powers along with other ministers. Key responsibilities of the Prime Minister include forming the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios, advising the President, coordinating policies, and leading the majority party in Parliament.
The presentation comprises powers and functions of the President of India from the Constitutional perspective viz. Executive power, Legislative power, Financial power, Emergency power, Diplomatic Power, Military power, Pardoning power, etc.
The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and exercises executive authority in India. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is generally the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha. As the head of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister's powers include forming the Council of Ministers, directing policy, and overseeing important appointments, though these are made by the President. The Council of Ministers aids the Prime Minister in developing and implementing policy and administering government departments and programs.
The president of India has several important powers according to the constitution. These include executive powers over the administration, legislative powers such as introducing bills and approving or returning acts of parliament, financial powers such as approving the national budget, judicial powers like pardoning convicted criminals, and emergency powers to declare different types of emergencies. The president can exercise these powers directly or through subordinate officers. Additionally, the president has the power to appoint key government officials and acts as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the president has significant authority, executive powers must be exercised according to the constitution and are subject to limited judicial review.
The document discusses the roles and powers of the President of India according to the Constitution. It covers the President's role as head of state and government, election process, qualifications, powers related to legislation, finance, judiciary, emergencies, and foreign affairs. The Vice-President has similar qualifications to the President but plays a secondary role as the ex-officio chair of the Rajya Sabha.
The document discusses the role and powers of state governors in India. It notes that governors are appointed by the president and serve as nominal heads of state governments. Key powers of governors include: appointing the chief minister and council of ministers; reserving bills for presidential approval; nominating members to the legislative council; and exercising discretionary powers in certain constitutional and situational matters without ministerial advice, such as recommending president's rule in a state.
The document discusses the Constituent Assembly of India, which was elected to draft the Constitution of India after independence from Britain. It describes the Assembly's objectives of drafting, approving, and promulgating the constitution. It also summarizes the process of drafting the constitution, including borrowing features from other countries. Key figures involved included Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as chairman of the drafting committee. The constitution was finally adopted on November 26, 1949 and came into effect on January 26, 1950, marking the transition of India to a sovereign republic.
The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and exercises executive powers along with other ministers. Key responsibilities of the Prime Minister include forming the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios, advising the President, coordinating policies, and leading the majority party in Parliament.
The presentation comprises powers and functions of the President of India from the Constitutional perspective viz. Executive power, Legislative power, Financial power, Emergency power, Diplomatic Power, Military power, Pardoning power, etc.
The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and exercises executive authority in India. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is generally the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha. As the head of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister's powers include forming the Council of Ministers, directing policy, and overseeing important appointments, though these are made by the President. The Council of Ministers aids the Prime Minister in developing and implementing policy and administering government departments and programs.
The president of India has several important powers according to the constitution. These include executive powers over the administration, legislative powers such as introducing bills and approving or returning acts of parliament, financial powers such as approving the national budget, judicial powers like pardoning convicted criminals, and emergency powers to declare different types of emergencies. The president can exercise these powers directly or through subordinate officers. Additionally, the president has the power to appoint key government officials and acts as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the president has significant authority, executive powers must be exercised according to the constitution and are subject to limited judicial review.
The document discusses the roles and powers of the President of India according to the Constitution. It covers the President's role as head of state and government, election process, qualifications, powers related to legislation, finance, judiciary, emergencies, and foreign affairs. The Vice-President has similar qualifications to the President but plays a secondary role as the ex-officio chair of the Rajya Sabha.
The document discusses the role and powers of state governors in India. It notes that governors are appointed by the president and serve as nominal heads of state governments. Key powers of governors include: appointing the chief minister and council of ministers; reserving bills for presidential approval; nominating members to the legislative council; and exercising discretionary powers in certain constitutional and situational matters without ministerial advice, such as recommending president's rule in a state.
The document discusses the Constituent Assembly of India, which was elected to draft the Constitution of India after independence from Britain. It describes the Assembly's objectives of drafting, approving, and promulgating the constitution. It also summarizes the process of drafting the constitution, including borrowing features from other countries. Key figures involved included Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as chairman of the drafting committee. The constitution was finally adopted on November 26, 1949 and came into effect on January 26, 1950, marking the transition of India to a sovereign republic.
The document discusses the structure and jurisdiction of India's high courts and subordinate courts. It notes that each state has a high court headed by a chief justice. High court judges must be citizens of India under 62 years old with 10 years of experience as a judge or advocate. High courts have original, appellate, advisory, revisory, and judicial review powers. Subordinate courts operate at the district level and include civil, criminal, and revenue courts. Lok Adalats provide inexpensive justice through informal dispute resolution.
The document discusses the structure and powers of the Supreme Court of India, describing its composition of the Chief Justice and 30 other judges, the qualifications and appointment process for judges, and the key powers and jurisdictions of the Supreme Court including its original, appellate, advisory and revisory jurisdiction as well as the power of judicial review. It also examines the independence of the judiciary and outlines the administrative functions of the Supreme Court.
This document discusses center-state relations in India based on the country's federal system. It covers three key areas: legislative relations, administrative relations, and financial relations between the central and state governments as outlined in the Indian constitution. For legislative relations, it describes the division of lawmaking powers between the union/central parliament and state legislatures. For administrative relations, it discusses techniques of central control over states and mechanisms for inter-state coordination. For financial relations, it outlines the allocation of tax revenues and financial resources between the center and states.
This is a power point presentation on the topic "THE UNION PARLIAMENT". It includes :
The Lok Sabha
The Rajya Sabh
The President
And some good animated slides
Hope You Like it
Regards
:)
Chief minister and his council of ministersnehawadekar1
This document discusses the roles and responsibilities of the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers in the state executive. It begins by introducing the nominal and real executive in the state - the Governor and Chief Minister respectively. It then outlines that the Chief Minister heads the Council of Ministers in advising the Governor. The Chief Minister appoints other Ministers and holds office at the Governor's pleasure. Key powers of the Chief Minister include advising on appointments, allocating portfolios, presiding over cabinet meetings, and being the main liaison between the government and legislature. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the legislative assembly.
The document discusses the role and powers of the Prime Minister of India. It notes that the Prime Minister is appointed by the President and acts as the head of the government and Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister determines the general direction of the government, leads the cabinet, and is responsible for key executive decisions and foreign policy matters. However, the Prime Minister must maintain majority support in Parliament and is constrained by the Constitution, public opinion, and other democratic institutions.
DescriptionThe Supreme Court of India is the premier judicial court under the Constitution of India. It is the highest constitutional court and has the power of judicial review.
The powers and functions of the president 2Sunit Kapoor
The president has various executive, legislative, financial and emergency powers according to the Indian constitution. As the executive head, all executive powers are vested in the president, who exercises them directly or through subordinate officers. Some key powers include appointing the prime minister and other ministers, state governors, and high officials. The president also has powers related to parliament like summoning sessions and approving legislation. In emergencies, the president can declare national, state, or financial emergencies with parliamentary approval in some cases. The president further appoints high judicial officers and enjoys judicial immunity.
Elections are a process where citizens vote to choose representatives to govern. They allow for indirect participation in democracy. Elections in India include general elections every 5 years to elect members of Lok Sabha, and mid-term or by-elections if seats become vacant. Elections can be direct, with citizens voting directly for representatives, or indirect, with representatives selecting other representatives. The Election Commission of India oversees all elections and ensures they are free and fair. It is an independent body headed by the Chief Election Commissioner.
This document discusses the key aspects of federalism in India. It defines federalism as a system of government where power is shared between a central government and other administrative units. In India, federalism involves three levels of government - central, state, and local. The document outlines India's federal structure, including the division of powers between levels of government. It also addresses some of the historical challenges in implementing federalism in India's diverse context and how decentralization to local governments has strengthened democracy.
The document discusses India's system of government. It describes the division of powers between the union and state governments. Executive power lies with the President and the Council of Ministers, while the Parliament consists of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha and exercises legislative powers. The parliamentary system was adopted from Britain. Bills pass through several readings in the two houses of Parliament before becoming law upon the President's approval.
This document provides an overview of the Indian federal system. It discusses that India has a federal system of government as per the constitution, though the term "federation" is not used. It then describes the key features of federalism and federal systems. The document outlines the federal features of the Indian constitution, including two levels of government, division of powers, an independent judiciary, and more. It also analyzes the unitary features in the Indian system, such as a strong central government and single citizenship. Finally, it examines the legislative, administrative, and financial relations between the central and state governments in India.
features of parliamentary form of government are described in this ppt in the simplest manner I can and this is for educational purposes .while making ppt I took help from various books and websites but the most profound material source is Indian polity by M laxmikanth .
The 1909 Indian Councils Act, also known as the Minto-Morely Reforms, increased representation of Indians in the legislative councils and made changes to the electoral system. It enlarged the size of the central and provincial legislative councils, increasing the number of non-official Indian members. It introduced separate electorates based on religion and other groupings. Finally, it expanded the powers of legislative councils to discuss more issues, though the president retained final approval over resolutions.
This document provides information about the structure and functions of the Supreme Court of India. It begins by explaining that the judiciary is one of three branches of the Indian state and discusses the pyramidal structure of the court system with the Supreme Court at the apex. It then describes some key responsibilities of the independent judiciary in India. The document goes on to explain the different types of jurisdiction exercised by the Supreme Court, including original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction. It also discusses the appointment and qualifications of Supreme Court judges, as well as the independence of the judiciary. In addition, it covers public interest litigation and the process for impeachment of a judge.
parliament composition, powers and role Indian Constitutionsai chandu kandati
The document discusses the composition, powers, and role of the Indian Parliament. It notes that the Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house with 545 members elected by universal adult suffrage. The Rajya Sabha is the upper house with 250 members elected by state assemblies. Parliament exercises legislative, executive, financial, and judicial powers. It forms the government, passes laws and budgets, and holds the executive accountable. The document also discusses parliamentary committees and critiques of the Parliament, suggesting reforms like increasing sitting days and ensuring greater gender balance.
The governor is the nominal executive head of the state, while the chief minister and council of ministers are the real executive. The governor is appointed by the president and holds office at the president's pleasure. The governor has executive, legislative, financial, and emergency powers but acts on the advice of the council of ministers in routine matters. The governor also has discretionary powers in certain areas like ordinance making and has special responsibilities in some states. While constitutionally the head of the state, the governor in practice acts as an agent of the central government.
The document provides information about the Union Parliament in India. It discusses that the Union Parliament comprises of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha is the lower house whose members are directly elected by the people. Rajya Sabha is the upper house whose members are elected by state assemblies. Together they form a bicameral legislature. The document also outlines the powers and functions of the Union Parliament like lawmaking, financial matters, executive control, and more.
1. There are three main institutions that make up India's government - the legislative, executive, and judiciary.
2. The legislative branch is made up of parliament, which includes the lower house Lok Sabha and upper house Rajya Sabha, and is responsible for lawmaking.
3. The executive branch carries out the day-to-day administration of the country and is led by the Prime Minister and council of ministers.
4. The judiciary is independent of the other branches and headed by the Chief Justice of India, with the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Scie...Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
PARLIAMENT
TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
POLITICAL EXECUTIVE
PRIME MINISTER AND COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
THE PRESIDENT
THE JUDICIARY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
The document discusses the structure and jurisdiction of India's high courts and subordinate courts. It notes that each state has a high court headed by a chief justice. High court judges must be citizens of India under 62 years old with 10 years of experience as a judge or advocate. High courts have original, appellate, advisory, revisory, and judicial review powers. Subordinate courts operate at the district level and include civil, criminal, and revenue courts. Lok Adalats provide inexpensive justice through informal dispute resolution.
The document discusses the structure and powers of the Supreme Court of India, describing its composition of the Chief Justice and 30 other judges, the qualifications and appointment process for judges, and the key powers and jurisdictions of the Supreme Court including its original, appellate, advisory and revisory jurisdiction as well as the power of judicial review. It also examines the independence of the judiciary and outlines the administrative functions of the Supreme Court.
This document discusses center-state relations in India based on the country's federal system. It covers three key areas: legislative relations, administrative relations, and financial relations between the central and state governments as outlined in the Indian constitution. For legislative relations, it describes the division of lawmaking powers between the union/central parliament and state legislatures. For administrative relations, it discusses techniques of central control over states and mechanisms for inter-state coordination. For financial relations, it outlines the allocation of tax revenues and financial resources between the center and states.
This is a power point presentation on the topic "THE UNION PARLIAMENT". It includes :
The Lok Sabha
The Rajya Sabh
The President
And some good animated slides
Hope You Like it
Regards
:)
Chief minister and his council of ministersnehawadekar1
This document discusses the roles and responsibilities of the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers in the state executive. It begins by introducing the nominal and real executive in the state - the Governor and Chief Minister respectively. It then outlines that the Chief Minister heads the Council of Ministers in advising the Governor. The Chief Minister appoints other Ministers and holds office at the Governor's pleasure. Key powers of the Chief Minister include advising on appointments, allocating portfolios, presiding over cabinet meetings, and being the main liaison between the government and legislature. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the legislative assembly.
The document discusses the role and powers of the Prime Minister of India. It notes that the Prime Minister is appointed by the President and acts as the head of the government and Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister determines the general direction of the government, leads the cabinet, and is responsible for key executive decisions and foreign policy matters. However, the Prime Minister must maintain majority support in Parliament and is constrained by the Constitution, public opinion, and other democratic institutions.
DescriptionThe Supreme Court of India is the premier judicial court under the Constitution of India. It is the highest constitutional court and has the power of judicial review.
The powers and functions of the president 2Sunit Kapoor
The president has various executive, legislative, financial and emergency powers according to the Indian constitution. As the executive head, all executive powers are vested in the president, who exercises them directly or through subordinate officers. Some key powers include appointing the prime minister and other ministers, state governors, and high officials. The president also has powers related to parliament like summoning sessions and approving legislation. In emergencies, the president can declare national, state, or financial emergencies with parliamentary approval in some cases. The president further appoints high judicial officers and enjoys judicial immunity.
Elections are a process where citizens vote to choose representatives to govern. They allow for indirect participation in democracy. Elections in India include general elections every 5 years to elect members of Lok Sabha, and mid-term or by-elections if seats become vacant. Elections can be direct, with citizens voting directly for representatives, or indirect, with representatives selecting other representatives. The Election Commission of India oversees all elections and ensures they are free and fair. It is an independent body headed by the Chief Election Commissioner.
This document discusses the key aspects of federalism in India. It defines federalism as a system of government where power is shared between a central government and other administrative units. In India, federalism involves three levels of government - central, state, and local. The document outlines India's federal structure, including the division of powers between levels of government. It also addresses some of the historical challenges in implementing federalism in India's diverse context and how decentralization to local governments has strengthened democracy.
The document discusses India's system of government. It describes the division of powers between the union and state governments. Executive power lies with the President and the Council of Ministers, while the Parliament consists of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha and exercises legislative powers. The parliamentary system was adopted from Britain. Bills pass through several readings in the two houses of Parliament before becoming law upon the President's approval.
This document provides an overview of the Indian federal system. It discusses that India has a federal system of government as per the constitution, though the term "federation" is not used. It then describes the key features of federalism and federal systems. The document outlines the federal features of the Indian constitution, including two levels of government, division of powers, an independent judiciary, and more. It also analyzes the unitary features in the Indian system, such as a strong central government and single citizenship. Finally, it examines the legislative, administrative, and financial relations between the central and state governments in India.
features of parliamentary form of government are described in this ppt in the simplest manner I can and this is for educational purposes .while making ppt I took help from various books and websites but the most profound material source is Indian polity by M laxmikanth .
The 1909 Indian Councils Act, also known as the Minto-Morely Reforms, increased representation of Indians in the legislative councils and made changes to the electoral system. It enlarged the size of the central and provincial legislative councils, increasing the number of non-official Indian members. It introduced separate electorates based on religion and other groupings. Finally, it expanded the powers of legislative councils to discuss more issues, though the president retained final approval over resolutions.
This document provides information about the structure and functions of the Supreme Court of India. It begins by explaining that the judiciary is one of three branches of the Indian state and discusses the pyramidal structure of the court system with the Supreme Court at the apex. It then describes some key responsibilities of the independent judiciary in India. The document goes on to explain the different types of jurisdiction exercised by the Supreme Court, including original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction. It also discusses the appointment and qualifications of Supreme Court judges, as well as the independence of the judiciary. In addition, it covers public interest litigation and the process for impeachment of a judge.
parliament composition, powers and role Indian Constitutionsai chandu kandati
The document discusses the composition, powers, and role of the Indian Parliament. It notes that the Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house with 545 members elected by universal adult suffrage. The Rajya Sabha is the upper house with 250 members elected by state assemblies. Parliament exercises legislative, executive, financial, and judicial powers. It forms the government, passes laws and budgets, and holds the executive accountable. The document also discusses parliamentary committees and critiques of the Parliament, suggesting reforms like increasing sitting days and ensuring greater gender balance.
The governor is the nominal executive head of the state, while the chief minister and council of ministers are the real executive. The governor is appointed by the president and holds office at the president's pleasure. The governor has executive, legislative, financial, and emergency powers but acts on the advice of the council of ministers in routine matters. The governor also has discretionary powers in certain areas like ordinance making and has special responsibilities in some states. While constitutionally the head of the state, the governor in practice acts as an agent of the central government.
The document provides information about the Union Parliament in India. It discusses that the Union Parliament comprises of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha is the lower house whose members are directly elected by the people. Rajya Sabha is the upper house whose members are elected by state assemblies. Together they form a bicameral legislature. The document also outlines the powers and functions of the Union Parliament like lawmaking, financial matters, executive control, and more.
1. There are three main institutions that make up India's government - the legislative, executive, and judiciary.
2. The legislative branch is made up of parliament, which includes the lower house Lok Sabha and upper house Rajya Sabha, and is responsible for lawmaking.
3. The executive branch carries out the day-to-day administration of the country and is led by the Prime Minister and council of ministers.
4. The judiciary is independent of the other branches and headed by the Chief Justice of India, with the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Scie...Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
PARLIAMENT
TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
POLITICAL EXECUTIVE
PRIME MINISTER AND COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
THE PRESIDENT
THE JUDICIARY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
President as the head of the Executive.pdf pptA Madhu Naresh
The president of India is the nominal executive authority and ceremonial head of state, while the prime minister is the real executive authority, as India follows a parliamentary system of government unlike the US presidential system. The president is elected by an electoral college consisting of members of parliament and state legislative assemblies for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. While most of the president's duties are ceremonial, the president does have some important powers related to appointing the prime minister and other officials, dissolving parliament, declaring emergencies, and approving legislation. The president can also be impeached for violating the constitution through a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of parliament.
The document discusses the roles and functions of key institutions in India's parliamentary democracy:
1) In 1990, the Indian government issued an order reserving 27% of government jobs for socially and educationally backward classes. This was challenged but upheld by the Supreme Court.
2) Major decisions in India are shaped by parliamentary discussions and require the support of the Lok Sabha. The prime minister and cabinet exercise executive power on behalf of the people.
3) The president is the head of state and appoints the prime minister and other officials, but exercises power only on the advice of the council of ministers. The independent judiciary interprets laws and settles disputes.
Constitution of india- A melting pot of constitutionsPrati Jain
The presentation talks about the formation of indian constitution, focusing on its various aspects as being inspired from various other constitutions of world. It was a class assignment. :)
This document provides an overview of key political institutions in India and how they function. It discusses that institutions take decisions, make rules and regulations to administer the government. Major policy decisions are taken by the prime minister and their cabinet and implemented by civil servants. If disputes arise, the supreme court settles them. The parliament, consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, enacts laws, controls finances, and debates issues. The prime minister and council of ministers form the executive branch and administer policies, while the president supervises overall functions. The judiciary, led by the supreme court, interprets laws and settles disputes.
The document summarizes the structure of the Indian government. It discusses the three levels of government: central/union government, state governments, and local governments. It describes that the central government is headed by the President and Prime Minister and makes laws for the entire country. State governments each have their own laws and are headed by a Chief Minister. Local governments include municipalities and corporations that provide local services. It also provides details on the roles of the President, Prime Minister, state Chief Ministers, and the judiciary system in India.
The document discusses the Mandal Commission report from 1980 that recommended reserving 27% of government jobs for socially and economically backward classes. It led to widespread protests when implemented in 1990 through an Office Memorandum. The report also touched on political institutions in India like Parliament consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, the executive branch made up of political leaders and permanent civil servants, and the judiciary led by the Supreme Court. Key powers and roles of the Prime Minister, President, and judiciary are also outlined such as the President making major appointments on advice of the PM and judiciary being an independent institution that settles disputes.
The document discusses the three main organs of the Indian constitution - the executive, legislature, and judiciary.
The executive is headed by the Prime Minister and cabinet who collectively govern and introduce policies and laws. The legislature has two houses - the Lok Sabha as the lower house, and the Rajya Sabha as the upper house. The judiciary is responsible for interpreting laws in relation to the constitution, with the Supreme Court acting as the highest court with powers of constitutional review.
The document summarizes key aspects of the President and Governor's roles according to the Indian Constitution. It discusses that the President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term and acts as the executive head and supreme commander. The Governor is appointed by the President to act as the representative of the central government in each state, exercising executive, legislative and judicial powers analogous to the President but without certain powers like diplomacy or emergencies. The Governor acts on the aid and advice of the state council of ministers who are responsible to the state legislative assembly.
This is new ppt which clear your doubts on indian political system. In slide share there is nothing simpler rather than this show whole concept about indian political system.
The document describes the three branches of the US government - the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. It provides details on the structure, roles, and powers of the US Congress, the Presidency and Cabinet, and the Federal Court system. The main functions and qualifications for members of each branch are also summarized.
“In a broad and collective sense the executive organ embraces the aggregate or totality of all the functionaries which are concerned with the execution of the will of the State as that will has been formulated and expressed in terms of law”.
– Dr. Garner
1) In 1990, the Indian government issued an order reserving 27% of civil service jobs for socially and economically backward classes based on the recommendation of the Mandal Commission.
2) This led to widespread protests across the country as some agreed and some disagreed with the order.
3) The Supreme Court eventually heard the disputes regarding the order in the case of Indira Sawhney v. Union of India and approved the quota system in 1992 but with some changes.
The Prime Minister of India is the head of the government and chief executive of the nation. As the head of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister advises the President and has significant power in appointing ministers and guiding policies. While the Prime Minister exercises strong executive authority, they cannot become a dictator as their power is dependent on maintaining the confidence of the Lok Sabha.
This is the vital assignment for IPE239 Comparative Political Systems, IPED Prpgram, Rangsit University. The course part aims at providing an introduction to the field of comparative politics. Various theoretical perspectives and basic concepts within the field are taken up. The political systems of a number of countries - in relation to formal political institutions and informal aspects of the political order - are presented, discussed and compared. Issues of identity as well as the position of nation states in a global context are also dealt with. The course part includes an introduction to comparative method and sources of knowledge about political systems.
There are five types of political institutions in India: the President, the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, the Parliament, the Judiciary, and the Civil Service. The President is the nominal executive who is elected indirectly by an electoral college consisting of members of parliament and state legislative assemblies. The Prime Minister is the head of the government and is elected by the party or coalition that wins a majority in the Lok Sabha. The Parliament makes laws and oversees the government. The independent Judiciary interprets laws and protects fundamental rights. The Civil Service administers governance and implements government policies.
Lecture 10 union executive- prime minister and council of ministerAniket Suryawanshi
The three organs that have the responsibility of running the government of India democratically are:
1. Legislature
2. Executive
3. Judiciary
The legislature refers to the parliament which is responsible for law making. The executive refers to the council of ministers and prime minister which are responsible for law implementation. And the judiciary refers to the court system which is responsible for law interpretation.
Working of instituations a chapter in civics revision notesGunjan555
The document discusses the involvement of various political institutions in India in implementing the recommendation of the Mandal Commission to reserve 27% of government jobs for Other Backward Classes. It describes how the President, Prime Minister, Cabinet, Parliament, and Supreme Court were all involved in the process. The Prime Minister announced the decision in Parliament after the Cabinet approved the reservation order. The Supreme Court later upheld the order.
Similar to Powers & Functions of the Prime Minister, Dem. Poli. Grade 9 cbse (20)
1. The document discusses various parliamentary procedures in India including calling attention, legislative business, bills, motions, and resolutions.
2. It explains that calling attention allows members to raise urgent issues with ministers, who must then reply. Legislative business involves making laws through bills, which must pass three readings.
3. Motions are formal proposals made by members and ministers on various issues, and can be of different types. Resolutions allow the house to express opinions on government acts or policies.
1. The document defines resources as all useful elements of the environment that satisfy human needs, including soil, rocks, minerals, trees, land, wood, and water.
2. Resources are classified as natural, human, or man-made, and can be actual or potential, abiotic or biotic, renewable or non-renewable, ubiquitous or localized.
3. Natural resources occur naturally and include materials like fresh water, air, plants, and animals. Human and man-made resources are things created by human beings, like buildings, bridges, skills, knowledge, and infrastructure.
The document discusses various reasons for car accidents among young drivers, including careless driving, impatience, lack of preparation for unexpected situations, and not following traffic rules. It provides tips for safe driving such as staying focused, not driving when tired or intoxicated, and following traffic laws. It also notes that yellow or orange are recommended colors for containers to increase visibility and that dark colored bikes are more prone to accidents in low light conditions.
Internal assessment is a continuous process of evaluation that takes place during an academic session to promote learning. It has several components, including best of periodic tests, multiple assessments, portfolios, and subject enrichment activities. Multiple assessment strategies can include pen-paper tests, classwork, homework, quizzes, debates, exhibitions and more. Rubrics are used to assess classwork and homework. Portfolios contain student introductions, goals, performances, participations and achievements. Subject enrichment activities involve competency-based education, projects, and art integrated projects.
The document summarizes various charity and community services provided by Children's Army over multiple years, including:
1. Providing roofing and electricity to a family whose home was damaged in storms.
2. Distributing mobile phones and funds for medical treatment to economically disadvantaged students.
3. Conducting cleanliness drives, flood relief efforts, and visiting various centers for disabled and orphaned children to provide aid.
Soil is an important renewable natural resource that takes millions of years to form. Factors like climate, vegetation, topography, and temperature influence soil formation. The main types of soil include alluvial, black, red, laterite, and arid soils. Alluvial soil is highly fertile and found in river plains. Black soil is rich in nutrients and found in the Deccan trap region. Soil erosion due to deforestation, overgrazing, or natural disasters upsets the balance between formation and erosion of soil. Conservation methods like contour ploughing and shelter belts can prevent soil erosion.
The document summarizes key information about our solar system. It describes how the solar system is made up of the Sun and eight planets that revolve around it, along with their moons. It provides details about each planet, including their physical characteristics and order from the Sun. The Earth is described as the only planet capable of supporting life. The Moon is highlighted as Earth's sole natural satellite.
This document provides an overview of topics in social science for 6th grade students, including the solar system, Earth's spheres, latitude and longitude, types of maps, history periods, timescales, forms of government, and facts about India. It was presented by Abdul shumZ kv kanjikode and contains titles and brief descriptions for each section.
The document summarizes International Women's Day 2021 and highlights several alumnae of Kendriya Vidyalaya Kanjikode who have achieved success in their respective fields. It describes their educational backgrounds and current roles, including an IRS officer, civil servant, doctor pursuing fellowship in reproductive medicine, electrical engineer pursuing post-doctoral studies in the US, captain in the Indian Army, and district project engineer for renewable energy. It emphasizes that while these women are stars, there are many unsung heroines who balance professional and family commitments without complaint or recognition.
The document discusses different types of natural vegetation around the world and how they are influenced by climate. It describes the main categories of forests, grasslands, and shrubs. Specific forest types covered include tropical and temperate evergreen and deciduous forests, coniferous forests, and Mediterranean vegetation. The document also discusses different grassland and wildlife regions. Exercises at the end test the reader's understanding of the material through multiple choice and short answer questions.
This document discusses economic concepts related to money and credit. It begins by asking questions about how economic activities can be divided into sectors and the roles of sectors that produce goods and provide services. It then discusses the origins and problems of barter systems and how the use of money solved issues like the double coincidence of wants, divisibility, and serving as a store of value. The document explores the functions and modern forms of money as well as the roles and income sources of banks. It also examines formal and informal sources of credit for rural families, including the benefits of cooperatives and self-help groups.
Manufacturing transforms raw materials into finished goods through processing. It is an important sector that contributes to economic development by providing jobs, income, and value-added products. The document outlines key industries like textiles, sugar, iron and steel, chemicals, cement, automobiles and information technology. It also discusses factors influencing industry location, classification of industries, issues like pollution, and measures to control pollution. Manufacturing is divided into primary, secondary and tertiary economic sectors and plays a vital role in modernizing agriculture and reducing poverty.
The document discusses water facilities in different parts of Chennai. It describes the water situation in four neighborhoods - Anna Nagar, Mylapore, Madippakkam, and Saidapet. Anna Nagar residents have a comfortable water supply through sprayers and taps. Mylapore residents face shortages and depend on tanker water. In Madippakkam, water is available once every four days for a single resident. Saidapet slum residents share one tap for 30 huts, with water available for only 20 minutes per day. The document also discusses that public facilities like water, healthcare, education and transportation are a fundamental right in India but progress providing universal access has been inadequate, with inequalities between urban and rural areas
The document discusses factors that influence India's climate such as latitude, altitude, pressure systems, distance from the sea, ocean currents and relief features. It notes how temperature and precipitation vary significantly across India due to these factors. The monsoon winds and seasonal pattern also impact climate, with the southwest monsoon from June to September bringing most of India's annual rainfall. Regional variations in climate have led to diversity in ways of life across the country.
Birsa Munda led a movement against the British colonial government in the late 1800s in present-day Jharkhand and Odisha. The document discusses how tribal groups in this region traditionally lived by practices like jhum cultivation and herding, but were negatively impacted by British policies aimed at sedentarization and control of forest resources. Tribal chiefs lost power and people faced exploitation. Birsa Munda's movement sought to recover tribal peoples' independence and way of life, establishing a "golden age." Though Birsa died in 1900, his movement drew attention to injustice and introduced some legal protections for tribal land rights.
The document discusses HIV and AIDS. It states that HIV enters the body and destroys the immune system over 5-10 years, leading to opportunistic infections that can kill the person. It is possible to have HIV but no symptoms, and a blood test is needed to know one's status. Common ways of transmission include unprotected sex and sharing needles. While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, progression of the disease can be controlled with treatment.
The Lord is creating a new being and presents the idea to an angel. The angel is skeptical that the being, a woman, can embrace multiple children with only two hands or function on all kinds of food with over 200 moving parts. The Lord insists the creation is almost complete and will be his favorite. Though soft, the Lord says women are also strong and can think, reason, and negotiate. When a tear falls from the woman's cheek, the Lord explains tears allow her to express a range of emotions. Impressed, the angel agrees the woman is a marvelous creation.
This document discusses the social and political changes in Europe leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917. It describes the rise of liberal, radical, and conservative ideologies in response to the French Revolution. It also discusses the growth of socialist ideas and labor movements in response to industrialization. In Russia, it outlines the autocratic rule of the tsars, the emergence of revolutionary groups like the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, and the unrest caused by World War I that led to the overthrow of the tsar and establishment of a provisional government in early 1917.
1. The Children's Army charity service provides timely assistance to families in need, such as repairing roofs damaged by storms or providing electricity connections.
2. They conduct various social and community service activities, including distributing relief funds, celebrating festivals with underprivileged communities, conducting awareness seminars, and organizing cultural programs for students.
3. Some of the services mentioned include providing medical assistance, cleaning campaigns, leadership training events, and celebrating important days to honor teachers, elders and more.
The document summarizes the growth of Indian nationalism and independence movement between 1885-1947. It discusses the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885 to oppose British rule. It then covers important Congress sessions, the rise of moderates and extremists like Tilak, the Partition of Bengal in 1905, the non-cooperation movement led by Gandhi, the civil disobedience movement and Quit India movement. It concludes with the partition of India in 1947 and independence.
More from A. ABDUL SHUMZ, Kendriya Vidyalaya Kanjikode (20)
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
4. PRIME MINISTER
◦ Head of the Council of Ministers
◦ Most important person in taking decisions
◦ Can freely choose ministers
◦ Indirectly elected
◦ Appointed by the President
4abdul shumz kv kanjikode
5. POWERS & FUNCTIONS
❖ Leader of a big team
❖ Enjoys a wide range of powers.
❖ Head of the Government.
❖ Distributes work to all ministers
❖ Official spokesman of the Govt.
❖ Chairs the Cabinet meetings
❖ Co ordinates various departments
❖ Taking all final decisions
❖ Supervises the functioning of all ministries.
❖ Can dismiss any minister.
He is the Leader of
the majoriy party/
front.
He is the real head
of the govt.
When he quits the
entire Ministry Quits.
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6. THE PRESIDENT OF INDIA
◦ Head of the State.
◦ Enjoys only nominal powers
◦ Functions as the ceremonial head.
◦ Supervises the overall
functioning of the govt.
◦ Not directly elected 6abdul shumz kv kanjikode
7. ◦President is elected by a college of electors
consisting: MPs and MLAs from all states.
◦Thus he is the representative of the entire nation
◦All govtl. activities are carried in his name.
◦All poicy decisions are issued in his name.
◦All major appointments are done for him.
◦All international treaties are signed for him.
◦Exercise powers on the advice of the Council of
Ministers.
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9. POWERS & FUNCTIONS
❖ Head of the nation
❖ Appoints PM and all ministers & all
major officers
❖ Supreme Commander of the Armed
Forces.
❖ Assents on bills
❖ Highest appellate authority
❖ Distributes honours & awards
Appoints:
Chief Justice
Judges
UPSC members
CEC, CAG, At.G, Ac.G,
Aud.G
High Commissioners
Governos
Commanders of the
Armed Forces
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11. Click to add text
Vice
Preside
nts of
India
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12. JUDICIARY
◦ Indian Judiciary is independent,
impartial and single unified.
◦ Integrated judicial system: All
courts at all levels-
Supreme Court, High Courts and
District Courts
❑ Supreme Court controls the
Judicial Administaration.
❑Headed by the CJI.
SUPREME COURT:
Decides on 4 types of
disputes.
Which are they?
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13. 4 types of disputes:
Disputes between Citizen & Citizen
• Disputes between Citizen & Govt.
Disputes between 2 or more states.
• Disputes between State govt & Central
Govt.
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14. Supreme Court:
➢ Highest Court of Appeal
➢ Not under the Legislature or Executive
➢ Judges donot act on the direction of the Govt.
➢ Judges are appointed by the President
on the advice of the Prime Minister.
➢ Once appointed, difficult to remove.
➢ Can be removed by only by IMPEACHMENT .
➢ Impeachment motion should be
seperately passedby both houses with 2/3
majority.
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15. FUNCTIONS:
❖Power to interpret the Constitution.
❖Can declare a law invalid, if against the constitution.
❖Guardian of the Constitution
❖Ensures that the Basic Principles are not changed.
❖Guardian of Fundemental Rights.
❖Protects public interest, if hurt by the action of the
Govt.
❖Accepts Public Interest Litigation.
❖Supervises the Govt. From misusing its power.
❖Checks malpractices from the side of the public
officials.
Supreme Court
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