The document discusses different types of natural vegetation around the world and how they are influenced by climate. It describes the main categories of forests, grasslands, and shrubs. Specific forest types covered include tropical and temperate evergreen and deciduous forests, coniferous forests, and Mediterranean vegetation. The document also discusses different grassland and wildlife regions. Exercises at the end test the reader's understanding of the material through multiple choice and short answer questions.

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2. Abdul Shumzabdul shumz kv kanjikode2

3. INTRODUCTION
There is a close relationship between height of land
and the character of vegetation.
With the change in height, the climate changes and
that changes natural vegetation.
The growth of vegetation depends on temperature
and moisture
It also depends on factors like slope and thickness
of soil.
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4. CLASSIFICATION OF NATURAL
VEGETATION Forests:
Grow where
temperature and
rainfall are
plentiful
Shrubs:
Thorny shrubs
and scrubs grow
in the dry regionshrubs vegetation
Forests
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5. Grasslands:
Grow in the
region of
moderate rain.
Grassland
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6. DIFFERENT TYPES OF FORESTS
Temperate Evergreen Forests :
The temperate evergreen
forests are located in the
mid latitudinal coastal
region. They are
commonly found along
the eastern margin of the
continents , e.g., In south
east USA, South China
and in South East Brazil.
They comprise both hard and
soft wood trees like oak,
pine, eucalyptus, etc.
Temperate Evergreen
Forest
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7. Temperate Deciduous
Forests are found
in the north eastern part of
USA, China, New
Zealand, Chile and also
found in the coastal
regions of Western Europe.
The common trees are oak,
ash, beech, etc. Deer,
foxes, wolves
are the animals commonly
found
Temperate Deciduous
Forest
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8. Tropical Evergreen
Forests
These forests are also called
tropical rainforests
. These thick forests occur in the
regions near the equator and
close to the
tropics. These regions are
hot and receive heavy rainfall
throughout the year. As there
is no particular dry season,
the trees do not shed
their leaves all together. This is
the reason they are called
evergreen
Tropical Evergreen
Forests
Hardwood trees like rosewood,
ebony, mahogany are common here.
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10. Tropical Deciduous
Forests
Tropical deciduous are the
monsoon forests found in
the large part of India,
northern Australia and
in central America These
regions experience
seasonal changes. Trees
shed their leaves in the
dry season to conserve
water. The hardwood
trees found in these
forests are sal, teak,
neem and shisham. Tropical Deciduous Forests
Tigers, lions, elephants,
langoors and monkeys are the
common animals of these
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11. Coniferous Forests
In the higher latitudes (50° –
70°) of Northern hemisphere
the spectacular Coniferous
forests are found These are
also called as Taiga. These
woods are very useful for
making pulp, which is
used for manufacturing paper
and newsprint. Match
boxes and packing boxes are
also made from softwood.
Chir, pine, cedar are the
important variety of trees in
these forests.
Silver fox, mink, polar bear
are the common animals
found here.
Coniferous Forest
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12. Mediterranean
Vegetation
Most of the east and north
east margins of the
continents are
covered by temperate
evergreen and deciduous
trees. The west and
south west margins of the
continents are different. They
have Mediterranean
Vegetation California in
the USA, south west Africa,
south western South
America and South west
Australia.
Mediterranean Region
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13. GRASSLANDS Tropical grasslands:
These grow on either
side of the equator and
extend till the tropics.
This vegetation grows in the
areas of moderate to low
amount of rainfall.
Savannah grasslands of
Africa are of this type.
Elephants, zebras, giraffes,
deer, leopards are common in
tropical grasslands.Tropical Grassland
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14. Temperate
grasslands:
These are found in the
midlatitudinal
zones and in the interior part of
the
continents. Usually, grass here is
short and
nutritious.Wild buffaloes, bisons,
antilopes are common in the
temperate region.
Temperate grasslands:
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15. Thorny bushes:
These are found in the dry
desert like regions.
Tropical deserts are located in
the western
margins of the continents.
The vegetation cover is
scarce here because of
scanty rain and scorching
heat.
Thorny bushes:
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16. WILDLIFE
Wildlife refers to all non-domesticated plants,
animals, and other organisms. Wildlife can be
found in all ecosystems. Deserts, rainforests,
plains, and other areas—including the most
developed urban sites—all have distinct forms
of wildlife. While the term in popular culture
usually refers to animals that are untouched by
human factors, most scientists agree that
wildlife around the world is impacted by human
activities.abdul shumz kv kanjikode16

17. Various species of deer are commonly seen
wildlife across the Americas and Eurasia.
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18. Giraffes Polar Bear
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19. Walrus Seal
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20. WILDLIFE DESTRUCTION
Map of early human migrations,
according to mitochondrial
population genetics. Numbers
are millennia before the
present.abdul shumz kv kanjikode20

21. Do You Know ?
The tropical evergreen forest in Brazil is so
enormous that it is like the lungs of the Earth
 Mediterranean trees adapt themselves to
dry summers with the help of their thick barks
and wax coated leaves which help them
Reduce transpiration.
 Mediterranean regions are known as ‘Orchards
of the world’ for their fruit cultivation.abdul shumz kv kanjikode21

22.  Anaconda, one of the world’s largest snakes
is found in the tropical rainforest. It can kill and
eat a large animal such as a crocodile.
Grasslands are known by different names in
different regions.
Tropical Grasslands :
East Africa- Savanna , Brazil- Campos Venezuela-
Llanos
Temperate Grasslands :
Argentina- Pampas , N. America- Prairie S. Africa-
Veld , C. Asia- Steppe, Australia- Downabdul shumz kv kanjikode22

23.  Taiga means pure or untouched in the
Russian language
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24. Exercises
1. Answer the following questions.
(i) Which are the two factors on which the growth of vegetation
mostly depends?
(ii) Which are the three broad categories of natural vegetation?
(iii) Name the two hardwood trees commonly found in tropical
evergreen forest.
(iv) In which part of the world and tropical deciduous forest is
found?
(v) In which climatic conditions, citrus fruits cultivated?
(vi) Mention the uses of coniferous forest.
(vii) In which part of the world is seasonal grassland is found?
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25. 2. Tick the correct answer.
(i) Mosses and Lichens are found in:
(a) Desertic Vegetation
(b) Tropical evergreen forest
(c) Tundra vegetation
(ii) Thorny bushes are found in:
(a) Hot and humid tropical climate
(b) Hot and dry desertic climate
(c) Cold polar climate
(iii) In tropical evergreen forest, one of the common animals is:
(a)Monkey
(b) Girraffe
(c) Camel
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26. (iv) One important variety of coniferous forest is:
(a) Rosewood
(b) Pine
(c) Teak
(v) Steppe grassland is found in
(a) S. Africa
(b) Australia
(c) Russia
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27. 3. Match the following.
(i) Walrus (a) Soft wood tree
(ii) Cedar (b) An animal of tropical
deciduous forest
(iii) Olives (c) A polar animal
(iv) Elephants (d) Temperate grassland in
Antarctica
(v) Campos (e) A citrus fruit
(vi) Downs (f) Tropical grassland of
Brazil
abdul shumz kv kanjikode27

28. 4. Give reasons.
(i) The animals in polar region have thick
fur and thick skin.
(ii) Tropical deciduous trees shed their
leaves in the dry season.
(iii) The type and thickness of vegetation
changes from place to place.abdul shumz kv kanjikode28

29. ANSWERS
1. (i)ans:With the change in height, the climate changes
and that changes natural vegetation. The growth of
vegetation depends on temperature and moisture It
also depends on factors like slope and thickness of
soil.
(ii) ans:Natural vegetation is generally classified in to
three broad categories as follows:
a) Forests: Which grow where temperat ure and rainfall
are plentiful to support a tree cover. Depending upon
these factors, dense and open forests grown.
(b) Grasslands: Which grow in the region of moderate
Rain (c) Shrubs: Thorny shrurbs and scrubs grow in the
dry region
abdul shumz kv kanjikode29

30. (iii)ans:Hardwood trees like rosewood , ebony,
mahogany are common here.
(iv)ans: Tropical deciduous are the monsoon forests
found in the large part of India, northern Australia
and in central America .These regions experience
seasonal changes. Trees shed their leaves in the dry
season to conserve water. The hardwood trees found
in these forests are sal, teak, neem and shisham
(v)ans: These regions are marked for hot dry summers
and mild rainy winters. Citrus fruits such as oranges,
figs, olives and grapes are commonly cultivated.abdul shumz kv kanjikode30

31. (vi)ans:They are tall, softwood evergreen trees. These woods
are very useful
for making pulp, which is used for manufacturing paper and
newsprint. Match
boxes and packing boxes are also made from
softwood. Chir, pine, cedar are the important
variety of trees in these forests.
(vii)ans:These grow on either
side of the equator and extend till the tropics
. This vegetation grows in the
areas of moderate to low amount of rainfall.abdul shumz kv kanjikode31

32. 2. (i)ans:(c) Tundra vegetation
(ii)ans:(b) Hot and dry desertic climate
(iii)ans:(a) Monkey
(iv)ans:(b) Pine
(v)ans:(a) S. Africa
3.ans:
(i) Walrus (c) A polar animal
(ii) Cedar (a) Soft wood tree
(iii) Olives (e) A citrus fruit
(iv) Elephants (b) An animal of tropical
deciduous forest
(v) Campos (f) Tropical grassland of Brazil
(vi) Downs (f) Tropical grassland of Brazil
abdul shumz kv kanjikode32

33. 4. (i)ans:The animals have thick fur and thick
skin to protect themselves from the cold
climatic conditions,
(ii)ans:Trees shed their leaves in the dry season
to conserve water.
(iii)ans:The changes in the type of natural
vegetation occur mainly because of the
changes of climatic condition.
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36. a abdul shumz
kendriya vidyalaya
kanjikode
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