The president of India is the nominal executive authority and ceremonial head of state, while the prime minister is the real executive authority, as India follows a parliamentary system of government unlike the US presidential system. The president is elected by an electoral college consisting of members of parliament and state legislative assemblies for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. While most of the president's duties are ceremonial, the president does have some important powers related to appointing the prime minister and other officials, dissolving parliament, declaring emergencies, and approving legislation. The president can also be impeached for violating the constitution through a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of parliament.

1. Assignment on
President as head of the Executive
Date: 12th October 2021
Session: 2021-2022
Subject: POL118
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Dr. Javeed Ahmad Bhat, A. Madhu Naresh,
School of Languages and Reg. no.: - 1210941,
Social Sciences, 1st
year Student B.A. (hons),
Lovely Professional University Lovely Professional University

2. President
• When we hear the word President, the first pictures we think of is American Presidents
like Barak Obama, Donald Trump, Joe Biden and our Indian Presidents like Pranab
Mukherjee, Abdul Kalam and of course our honorable President Shri Ram Nath Kovind.
• It is also very interesting that when we think of
president, we think of President of the United States
of America, as the brand ambassador of USA, as
the most powerful head of the State in the world.
• In India, the president is seen as provisional post,
and not as much politically active, but still its most
important post. The President of USA is compared
to Prime minister as the brand ambassador of India.
• The reason is that India unlike America which has Presidential form of government, India
has Parliamentary form of government. President of India is the nominal executive
authority, where the prime minister is the real executive authority.
• The President of India is the first citizen of our country, he/she is the symbol of Unity,
Integrity and Solidarity of India.
Election of President in India
• There are some qualifications for a candidate to be elected as President:
a) Should be an Indian Citizen
b) Age should be a minimum of 35 years
c) Should qualify the conditions to be elected as a member of the Lok Sabha
d) Should not hold any office of profit under the central government, state
government, or any public authority
• President of India is not directly elected by the People, article 54 of the Indian
Constitution discusses the election of the President. It says that
the President shall be elected by the members of an electoral
college
a) which consists of the elected members of both the
Houses of Parliament
b) and the Legislative Assemblies of the States and the
two Union Territories, namely Delhi and Puducherry.

3. • The election of the President is held in accordance with a system of proportional
representation by means of a single transferable vote. He can be re-elected to the office of
the President, and it is limited to a term 5 years. The President can also be re-elected and
there is no cap on his/her re-election.
• The oath of the President is administered by the Chief Justice of India, and in his absence,
by the most senior judge of the Supreme Court.
Impeachment of President
• Impeachment is the process to remove the President of India from his office before his
term expires. The Impeachment can be carried out if the Constitution of India is violated
by the President and the proceedings can be initiated in either of the two houses of the
Parliament.
• Two-thirds majority is required to pass the
resolution in the House. Thereafter, a notice signed
by a quarter of the members of the House and
containing the charges is sent to the President. After
14 days the charges are taken into consideration by
the other House and in the meantime the President
can defend himself. If the charges are approved by
the second House also then the President is said to
have been impeached. He has to leave his office.
Powers of President
1.Executive Powers
• Office of President is the formal head of executive. And all decisions taken by him/her
are recommended by the Council of Ministers.
• All the executive powers of the Union shall be vested in him. These powers should be
exercised by him in accordance with the Constitution of India.
• He/She appoints the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers. President also appoints
the judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts in the states, besides appointing the
Attorney General and Comptroller and auditor General of India. Among other critical
powers, President can pardon the death sentence awarded to a convict.
Executive
President Vice-President
Prime Minister &
Council of Ministers
Attorney General

4. 2.Legislature Powers
• He can dissolve the Lok Sabha and end a session of the Parliament. He can also
address the Parliament in its first session every year.
• He can nominate 12 members to the Rajya
Sabha. These members must have extra
ordinary accomplishments in the fields of
science, art, literature and social service. He
can also nominate 2 members to the Lok
Sabha from the Anglo-Indian Community.
• When a bill is passed by the Parliament, the
President can give or withhold his assent to it. He can also return it to the Parliament,
unless it's a Money Bill or a Constitutional Amendment Bill.
3.Finacial Powers
• Only when the President recommends can a money bill be
introduced in the Parliament.
• He lays the Union budget before the Parliament and makes
advances out of the Contingency Fund.
4.Diplomatic, Military and Judicial Powers
• He appoints ambassadors and high commissioners to other countries. All international
treaties are signed on his behalf. Under Military powers, he can declare war and
conclude peace.
• He appoints Chief of Army, Navy and Air Force. He can dismiss judges if two-third
majority of the members present of the two Houses of the Parliament pass the
resolution to that effect.
5.Emergency Powers
• The President can declare national, state and financial emergency.
• National emergency can be declared on the grounds of war, external aggression or
armed rebellion in the country. This can be done
on the written request of the Cabinet Ministers
after the proclamation has been approved by the
Parliament.
• State emergency can be imposed in a state if it
fails to run constitutionally. Financial emergency
can be proclaimed if there is a likelihood of the
financial instability in the country.

5. 5. Ordinance Making and Veto Powers
• Article 123 deals with the
ordinance making power of the
President. The President has many
legislative powers and this power
is one of them. The President
promulgates an ordinance on the
recommendation of the union
cabinet.
• When a bill is introduced in the Parliament, Parliament can pass the bill and before
the bill becomes an act, it has to be presented to the Indian President for approval. It is
on the President of India to either reject the bill, return the bill or withhold his/her
assent to the bill. The choice of the President over the bill is called veto power. The
Veto Power of the President of India is guided by Article 111 of the Indian
Constitution.
Thank you