Human reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote with genetic material from both parents. The male reproductive system produces sperm and testosterone, while the female reproductive system produces eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone that support pregnancy. Fertilization occurs when sperm joins with an egg, which then implants in the uterus and receives nutrients through the placenta until birth, in which contractions push the baby through the birth canal. Antenatal care includes maintaining a healthy diet and avoiding illness and substances for a healthy pregnancy and birth.

1. HUMAN REPRODUCTIONSexual reproduction is the processinvolving the fusion of haploid nuclei to form adiploid zygote and the production of geneticallydissimilar offspring

2. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

3. HORMONES: maleTestosterone (testes)Development of male sexual secondarycharacteristics: - Penis and testes grow: produce sperm and testosterone - Facial hairdevelops - Changestolarynx: deepervoice - Hairgrowsonchest and in armpits - Pubichairdevelops

4. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

5. HORMONES: femaleOestrogenandprogesteroneDevelopment of male sexual secondarycharacteristics: - Ovariesgrow- eggsdevelop and female hormones are released - Hairgrows in armpits - Brestsdevelop/increase in size - Hipsbroaden - Pubichairgrows - Vagina enlargens

6. Female hormones

7. OVARIES

8. MENSTRUAL CYCLE

9. Fertilisation: thejoining of thenuclei of themalegamete (sperm) and thefemalegamete (egg)

10. Ovulation and implantation

11. PLACENTA

12. BIRTHItbeginswhenthestrongmuscles in thewall of theuterusstarttocontract. Thisiscalledlabour.Thewall of thecervix, graduallybecomeswideenoughforthebabytobepushedthrough.Thewall of the vagina can stretchtoallowthebabytobepushedthrough.

13. Birth

14. AfterbirthThe placenta fallsawayfromthewall of theuterus, and passesoutthroughthe vagina.

15. ANTE-NATAL CAREDietplenty of calcium: why?Dietplenty of extra iron: why?Dietwith extra carbohydrates: why?Dietwith extra protein: why?ContinuetotakeexerciseNo smoking: why?Nottoomuch alcohol ordrugs.Avoidillnesses: rubella (deaforotherdisabilities)AIDS: the virus HIV can crossthe placenta

16. Breastfeeding vs. Milk formula

17. Advantage of breastmilk vs. Formula milkFree!No needto use anequipment, which, unlesscleanit´seasierfor bacteria togetintothemilk and makethebabyill.Containsantibodiesfromthemother, whichhelpsthebaby ti fight off infectiousdiseases.Closerelationshiptodevelopbetweenmother and baby.Thecompositionchanges as itgrows so that´sexactlyrightforthedifferentstages of development.

18. BIRTH CONTROL:methodsNATURAL ->abstinenceCHEMICAL ->contraceptivepill ->spermicideMECHANICAL ->condom ->diaphragm ->IUDSURGICAL -> vasectomy-> femalesterilisation

19. SOME METHODS OF BIRTH CONTROL

20. SEXUAL TRANSMISSABLE DISEASESGONORRHOEAAIDS

21. GONORRHOEA

22. AIDS: acquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome