This document provides information about puberty, reproductive health, sexually transmitted infections, and HIV/AIDS for adolescents. It defines puberty and the physical and emotional changes that occur. It discusses the male and female reproductive systems and menstrual cycle. It aims to provide adolescents with accurate information to make responsible decisions about relationships and sexuality while dispelling common myths. The key messages are that menstruation is a normal part of development and communication between partners is important for family planning and preventing STIs including HIV.

1. HEALTHY YOUNG ONES
Eleanor A. Estoque
SHS Guidance Coor

4. WHAT IS PUBERTY?
• The process of physical changes by which a child’s
body becomes an adult body capable of
reproduction
• The hormones cause the physical changes in the
body, they also affect emotions

6. POSITIVE CHALLENGES OF GROWING UP

7. POSITIVE CHALLENGES OF GROWING UP
Some examples might include… (MALE)
Good things about growing up Challenging things about growing up
Independence
Romantic Relationships
Peer Pressure
Pressure to take risks
Meet new friends
Increased responsibility
Freedom to express yourself
Discovering new talents
Pimples
Stage of confusion
Work/study stress
Discrimination
Pressure to earn income

8. POSITIVE CHALLENGES OF GROWING UP
Some examples might include… (FEMALE)
Good things about growing up Challenging things about growing
up
Independence
Romantic Relationships
Increased responsibility
Freedom to express yourself
Discovering new talents
Dysmenorrhea
Stressful experiences
Pimples
Work/study stress
Discrimination
Pressure to help with domestic duties

10. PARTS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
1. SPERM DUCT
- during mating, sperm cells that have been released pass through the sperm
ducts.
2. TESTES
– held in place by the scrotum. Its job is to produce millions of male cells called
SPERMS
Scrotum – is a bag of tough skin.
3. PROSTATE GLAND
– the job is to secrete prostate fluid, one of the components of semen.

11. PARTS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
4. URETHRA
- a tube inside the male organ that carries urine or semen. Continuing part of the
sperm duct
5. PENIS
- a “THING” hanging in front of every male which he pees with
- The size may differ for growing boys because they develop differently
- An erect one for an adult man may be about 5.7 inches in length
- Its job is to pass urine out of the man’s body and to pass semen into female
organ during mating

12. PARTS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
1. OVIDUCT – the vessel through which an egg cell travels to the
uterus
1. OVARIES – where eggs are stored and release every month
2. UTERUS – an inverted pear, soft lining which holds the fertilized egg and
nurture it until it is a fully developed baby
3. CERVIX – ring of muscle located at the lower third portion of the uterus.
During birth, the cervix expands and the baby passes through it.
4. VAGINA – an elastic, muscular canal that connects the cervix to the outside of
the woman’s body.

13. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
WHAT IS MENSTRUATION?
- is a signal that as a girl, you are growing up normally.
- your body begins to develop and change as you transition
from being a child to an adult
- Menstruation will begin at different ages for women. Some may
start at 10 or 17 or 18yo
- Period – 2-7 days menstrual flow meaning blood and tissues
leave your body through your vagina

14. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
• It is important for both females and males to know
about and understand menstruation
• In the future, males will need to show respect and understanding for
their parents who are experiencing menstruation

15. MENSTRUAL CYCLE

16. PHASE I: MENSTRUAL PHASE
• Starts on 1st day of bleeding
• Bleeding comes from shedding of lining of uterus
• Indicates: NOT PREGNANT
• Usually 4-6 days
• Normal and healthy
• Bleeding does not mean the woman is sick.

17. PHASE II: PRE-OVULATORY PHASE
• Bleeding has stopped
• Egg cells begin to develop
• Lining of uterus starts to thicken
• Mucus plug  prevents entry of sperm
• Dry days, dry feeling, no mucus
• INFERTILE PHASE

18. PHASE III: OVULATORY PHASE
• Highlight of a woman’s fertility
• 1 mature egg is released and stays in the
tube for about 24 hours
• Endometrium becomes thick
• Mucus plug is gone
• Mucus becomes watery, stretchy, slippery, and clear.
• If sperm is present at this time, the woman can get pregnant

19. PHASE IV: POST-OVULATORY PHASE
• No egg is present
• Mucus plug
• Dry feeling
• Absolute infertile phase
• Blood vessel rupture, escape of blood
Into the endometrial lining

20. MYTHS AND FACTS ABOUT MENSTRUATION
MYTHS
• If you shower or take a bath during your
menstruation you will get sick
• When menstruating, women should stay
in bed and avoid strenuous activity
• Menstrual blood is toxic or unclean
FACTS
• It is recommended that during menstruation, you
wash regularly to keep the body clean. A warm bath
can also soothe or relax menstrual pains
• Women are not weak during their menstruation and
generally can get on with usual day-to-day activities
• Menstrual blood is not toxic or unclean, there is no
nee to use vaginal cleansers during menstruation

21. …MYTHS AND FACTS ABOUT
MENSTRUATION
MYTHS
• Eating certain foods will shorten or delay
the menstrual period
• It is not possible to get pregnant during
the menstrual period
FACTS
• Menstrual periods last longer for some
women than others. It is important to eat
well but no food will alter the duration of
the menstrual cycle
• It is possible to get pregnant if you have
sexual intercourse during menstruation

22. KEY MESSAGES
• One of the changes that women go through at
puberty is menstruation.
• When a woman starts to menstruate, it means
that her body is developing and is now able to
conceive a child

23. HYGIENE & PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS
• There are some products that can be used to catch the blood as it leaves the uterus
• Most common are:
Sanitary pads – with wing or non-wings
- comes in many sizes – each girl will be
able to find one that is comfortable to her
GIRLS SHOULD REMEMBER TO CHANGE PADS
about every 4hours

24. HYGIENE & PERSONAL CARE
PRODUCTS
• Cloths or “Pasador”
– cloths or rags made using layers of old fabric.
- using clothes that are not washed and
dried correctly can cause infection.

25. GENDER AND HEALTH
 To build friendship and support
between participants
To provide information about sexual orientation,
gender identity and expression.

26. REPRODUCTION AND RESPONSIBILITY
OBJECTIVES:
• To provide supportive relationships
between the participants
• To provide information about reproduction
• To build comfort and confidence in talking about sex

27. REPRODUCTION
• We must always remember that when a woman and a man
decided to enter into romantic relationship there is a
big responsibility on it.

28. REPRODUCTION
2. Both of them must communicate more often if they are ready to start a family.
Communication is important in relationship.

29. REPRODUCTION
• 3. When the man and the woman decided to make a baby, they have physical contact
called SEX. The woman has eggs in her ovaries and the man has sperm in his testes.

30. REPRODUCTION
4. To create a baby, sperm which comes from a man needs to fertilize an agg which comes
from a woman. When the sperm goes into the woman, they have race to get to the egg.
The sperm gets to the egg and they join together and start to grow into a baby.
Over nine months, the baby gets bigger.
This means that the woman also changes physically.

31. REPRODUCTION
5. It is important that the couple will ensure that the mother and the baby are healthy.
Check-up for both of them together with the father is necessary at the rural health unit.

32. REPRODUCTION
6. Once the baby reaches the ninth month it is the time for delivery!
It is encouraged most especially when the mother is adolescent to deliver the
baby in the hospital.
Check-up and hospital delivery is crucial to ensure safe delivery of the baby and
the mother.

33. RESPONSIBILITY
a. Remind the group that if a couple has had sex without using contraception, it is
POSSIBLE that the woman will become pregnant.
b. Symptoms that pregnancy has taken place;
- Missed period
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Sore breasts
- Increased urination and tiredness

34. RESPONSIBILITY
c. Pregnancy tests – can be bought from the pharmacy and carried out at
home. At the clinic, a blood or urine may be used for testing.
d. Sometimes women become pregnant without planning to. This may be
because she and her partner did not have the information on how babies
are made.

35. RESPONSIBILITY
IMPLICATIONS OF UNPLANNED PREGNANCY
o Having to tell family and friends
o Having to leave school early to have the baby
o Stigma from the community
o Having find out how to look after herself and her baby during pregnancy
o Health implications for mother younger than 20 years old

36. SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED
INFECTION

37. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION
WHAT IS STI?
- are infections that are passed from person to
person through sexual intercourse, other forms of sexual
activity or during pregnancy and delivery

38. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION
COMMON SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Pus or unusual yellowish/greenish/greyish discharge from the penis,
vagina or anus
 Rash, sores, lumps or blisters
 Swelling on genital/anal area
SOME STIs HAVE NO SIGNS/SYMPTOMS ESP FOR WOMEN. SOME S/S
MAY DISAPPEAR EVEN W/OUT PROPER TX BUT CAN STILL BE PASSED
ON TO OTHERS AND CAN CONTINUE TO DAMAGE HEALTH

39. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
STI are passed on through unprotected sex, skin to skin contact or
exchange of body fluids.
Some STI are caused by viruses and cannot be cured
STI can be passed from mother to child and cause serious illness or
birth defects

40. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION
Every sexual activity is an opportunity to get variety of STI.
CONDOMS do not cover everything!
A person who is sexually active should have regular sexual health check-
up
The most common STI are: GONORRHEA, SYPHILIS, CHLAMYDIA,
HERPES, GENITAL WARTS, HEPA B, CANDIDIASIS & HIV

41. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION
DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT
 A doctor or nurse can check whether a person has an STI. STI can be treated with
appropriate medication.
A person with STI should also encourage his/her partner to submit for medical
assessment and treatment.
Having STI increases the risk of having HIV
STI cases is highly encouraged to undergo HIV test
Having both STI and HIV can complicate one’s treatment

42. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION
• Untreated or incompletely treated STI lead to long-term or
serious complication like infertility, cancer, adverse pregnancy
and complications to infants. STIs like HIV, syphilis, Hepa B
have no cure.
• DO NOT SELF MEDICATE.

43. WAYS NOT TO GET INFECTED WITH STI
A – Abstain from sex
B – Be mutually faithful
C – Correct and consistent use of condom
D – Don’t use drugs and alcohol
E – Education on STI and HIV

44. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
and
ACQUIRED IMMNUNE
DEFICIENCY SYNDROME

45. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND ACQUIRED
IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
WHAT IS HUMAN IMMUNODEFICINECY VIRUS?
- is a virus that weakens the immune system.
- the window period of HIV is usually 2 – 3 weeks
after the last potential HIV exposure.
- HIV infection causes Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome

46. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND ACQUIRED
IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
WHAT IS ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICINCY SYNDROME?
- is a condition of a person with HIV when immune
system is already weak or destroyed and the body can
no longer fight off common opportunistic infections like
Tuberculosis or pneumonia.
A person with HIV do not necessarily have AIDS.

47. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND ACQUIRED
IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
MODE OF HIV TRANSMISSION
BLOOD
SEMEN HIGH CONCENTRATION OF HIV
VAGINAL FLUIDS
BREAST MILK

48. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND ACQUIRED
IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
HIV is transmitted through:
• Unprotected penetrative anal, vaginal – to a lesser extent oral
sex
• Sharing of contaminated needles
• An infected mother to her baby during pregnancy, labor
delivery or breastfeeding

49. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND ACQUIRED
IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
MISCONCEPTIONS on the TRANSMISSION of HIV
• Sneezing
• Contact with saliva
• Shaking hands
• Hugging and Kissing
• Sharing of food utensils
• Swimming in the pool
• Using the same telephone

50. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND ACQUIRED
IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
HIV transmission/exposure can be through:
1. Blood and blood products
2. Sexual transmission
3. During pregnancy
4. During labor day
5. During breastfeeding
6. HIV testing

51. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND ACQUIRED
IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
TREATMENT
 There is no cure nor vaccine for HIV
 People with HIV are given a combination of drugs
called – antiretroviral (ART)

52.  Aims to welcome adolescent to go to their
nearest health center and provide them
with RIGHT information on Adolescent
Sexual and Reproductive Health…

53. REMINDER

54. EVERYTHING WILL BE BETTER, IF WE WILL WORK
TOGETHER!
THANK YOU!
GOD BLESS AHDP!