The female reproductive system includes external structures like the clitoris and labia, and internal structures like ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the uterus. Ovaries contain follicles that release eggs during ovulation. Fertilization can occur when an egg meets sperm in the fallopian tubes. The fertilized egg implants in the uterus and receives nourishment from the mother through the placenta. Birth occurs when contractions help deliver the baby through the cervix and vagina. The male reproductive system includes external structures like the penis and scrotum, and internal structures like the testes, which produce sperm and hormones. During ejaculation, sperm pass through the vas deference and urethra. Fert

1. HUMANREPRODUCTIONSYSTEM

2. Female
Reproductive
Anatomy

3. The female external reproductive
structures include:
 the clitoris and
 two sets of labia

4. The female internal reproductive
structures include:
 A pair of gonads (ovaries),
 A system of ducts (oviducts/ fallopian tubes),
and
 Chambers (uterus, vagina, vulva) that carry
gametes and house the embryo and foetus.

5. Anatomy of the female
reproductive organ

6. Ovaries
 Lie in the abdominal cavity
 Each ovary contains many follicles, which
consist of a partially developed egg, called an
oocyte, surrounded by support cells.
 Once a month, an oocyte develops into an
ovum (egg) by the process of oogenesis

7.  Ovulation is the release of an egg cell from the
follicle.
 The remaining follicular tissue grows within
the ovary, forming the corpus luteum.
 The corpus luteum secretes hormones e.g.
that help to maintain pregnancy.
 If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum
degenerates.

8. Oviducts and Uterus
 After ovulation, the egg cell travels from the
ovary to the uterus via an oviduct, or fallopian
tube.
 Cilia in the oviduct convey the egg to the
uterus, which is also called the womb.
 The uterus lining (endometrium) has many
blood vessels
 The uterus narrows at the cervix, then opens
into the vagina.

9. Vagina and Vulva
 The vagina is a thin-walled chamber that is the
repository for sperm during copulation and serves as
the birth canal
 The vagina opens to the outside at the vulva, which
consists of the
 labia majora,
 labia minora,
 hymen, and
 Clitoris.

10. The Mammary Glands
 The mammary glands are not part of the
reproductive system but are important to mammalian
reproduction.
 Within these glands there are small sacs of epithelial
tissue which secrete milk.

11. Male Reproductive Anatomy

12. Male Reproductive Organ
The male’s external reproductive organs includes:
 The scrotum and
 Penis
Then the internal structures include:
 the gonads (testes), which produce sperm and
hormones,
 and the accessory glands

13. Male Reproductive Anatomy

14. Male Gonads (Testes)
 Testes consist of highly coiled seminiferous
tubules (in which sperm form)
 surrounded by connective tissue
 Leydig cells produce hormones and are scattered
between the tubules.
 Production of normal sperm cannot occur at the
body temperatures .
 The testes are held outside the abdominal cavity
in the scrotum, where the temperature is 2ºC
lower than in the abdominal cavity.

15. Male Testes Anatomy

16. Ducts
 From the seminiferous tubules of a testis,
sperm pass into the coiled tubules of the
epididymis
 During ejaculation, sperm are propelled
through the muscular vas deferens and the
ejaculatory duct, and then exit the penis
through the urethra.

17. Accessory Glands
Semen is composed of:
 sperm plus
 secretions from three sets of accessory glands
 The two seminal vesicles contribute about 60% of the
total volume of semen.
 The prostate gland secretes its products directly into
the urethra through several small ducts.
 The bulbourethral glands which secrete a clear mucus
before ejaculation that neutralizes acidic urine
remaining in the urethra.

18. Penis
 The human penis is composed of three
cylinders of spongy erectile tissue.
 During sexual arousal, the erectile tissue fills
with blood from the arteries, causing an
erection.
 The head of the penis is called the glans and is
covered with a prepuce.
 The rest is called the shaft.

19. Male penis Anatomy

20. Gametogenesis
 Gametogenesis is the production of gametes by
meiosis.
 Spermatogenesis is production of mature sperm
 Oogenesis is development of mature oocytes
(eggs).
 Sperm are small and motile and are produced
throughout the life of a sexually mature male.

21. Spermatogenesis

22. Oogenesis

23. Fertilization and Embryo
Development

25. Human Embryonic and Foetal
Development

26. Foetal Nourishment

27. BIRTH
THE THREE STAGES OF LABOUR
 1. DILATION OF THE CERVIX
CERVIX
FOETUS
ENDOMETRIUM
UMBILICAL CORD

28. BIRTH
 2. DELIVERY OF THE BABY

29. BIRTH
 3. DELIVERY OF THE PLACENTA
PLACENTA
DETACHING
UMBILICAL CORD

30. BIRTH
 Birth is brought about by a series of strong,
rhythmic uterine contractions.
 First the baby is delivered, and then the
placenta.
 Lactation, the production of milk, is unique to
mammals.

31. NEW BORN BABY

32. Acknowledgement
Adima. (2014). Human reproduction in Humans. Accessed from slideshare at
https://www.slideshare.net/Adima2012/reproduction-in-human-beings (Accessed 03 September 2018)
Caravaca, L. (2015). Human Reproduction. Accessed from slideshare at
https://www.slideshare.net/docaro/human-reproduction-43746502 (Accessed on 02 September 2018)
Ehrenpreis, J.S. (2010) Human reproduction. Accessed from slideshare at
https://www.slideshare.net/JustinScottEhrenpreis/human-reproduction-3595794 (Accessed 01 September
2018)
Mattau, P. (2013). Human Reproduction. Accessed from slideshare at
https://www.slideshare.net/putrimattau/2-human-reproduction-system (Accessed 01 Septermber 2018)
Thandeka, M. (2014). Human Reproduction for Grade 12. Accessed from slideshare at
https://www.slideshare.net/thandekamadladleni/human-reproduction-32035664 (Accessed 02 September
2018)