This document summarizes research on power quality issues and challenges in renewable energy systems that use multilevel inverters. It discusses:
1) Multilevel inverters are increasingly used in renewable systems due to advantages over two-level inverters like reduced harmonic distortion.
2) Open circuit faults in switches can cause imbalance and failure in existing multilevel inverter topologies.
3) A new fault-tolerant multilevel inverter structure is proposed with redundant switches and paths to maintain output during single switch faults. Simulations show it can successfully generate the expected voltage levels even under faults.
This paper proposes an asymmetrical cascaded single phase H-bridge inverter. The proposed inverter consists of two modules with unequal and isolated dc sources. Each module is composed of dc source, conventional four switches H-bridge and single bidirectional switch. To increase the output voltage levels, the tertiary ratio, 1:3, between its two dc sources is adopted. Both the fundamental frequency and the multicarrier pulse width modulation (PWM) control schemes are employed to generate switches signals. By controlling the inverter modulation index, the proposed inverter can generate an output voltage having up to seventeen levels by using only two modules. The proposed topology has also the feature of modularity which means that it can be extended to any levels by adding new modules. The proposed topology is simulated using an inductive load and some selected simulation results have been provided to validate the proposed inverter.
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement by Harmonic Reduction using Compact Desi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new multilevel inverter design with reduced number of switches to improve power quality by reducing harmonic distortion. The proposed design is a 21-level cascaded H-bridge inverter topology that uses only 24 switches compared to other multilevel inverter designs. The performance of the proposed inverter is validated through MATLAB simulation, which shows it can generate a 21-level output voltage waveform with 10.65% total harmonic distortion under no load conditions.
A PV BASED MODIFIED MULTILEVEL INVERTER WITH REDUCED NUMBER OF SWITCHESIRJET Journal
This document presents a modified cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter with reduced number of switches. The conventional cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter requires two voltage sources and eight switches to generate five voltage levels, making the system expensive and bulky. The proposed modified inverter uses only five switches and two voltage sources to generate the same five voltage levels. This reduces the complexity and cost of the system. Simulation results show that the total harmonic distortion of the modified inverter is 28%, which is lower than the 30.27% THD of the conventional cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. The document also proposes using a photovoltaic array as the renewable energy voltage source for the modified multilevel in
Structure of 15-Level Sub-Module Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter for Speed Control...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper deals with the implementation of a single phase 15-level Sub- Multilevel Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter (SMCHBI) for variable speed industrial drive applications. It consists of sub-multilevel modules and H- bridge inverter configuration. Sub-multilevel switches synthesize stepped DC link voltage and current from the DC sources. H-bridge inverter switches renovate stepped DC link voltage and current into sinusoidal waveform. Compared with conventional Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (CMLI), the proposed system employs the reduced number of power switches, DC sources and gate driver requirements. The proposed system not only reduces the overall system cost but also reduces the voltage stress across the inverter switches. The proposed system does not required additional resonant soft switching circuits for Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) of inverter. In the proposed method, variable frequency method is adopted for the speed control of industrial induction motor drives. A prototype model of 15-level SMCHB is developed and the performance of the systems is validated experimentally.
Switched Inductor Based Buck-Boost Transformerless InverterIRJET Journal
This document presents a switched inductor based buck-boost transformerless inverter topology for connecting photovoltaic systems to the electric grid. The topology uses five switches and has the advantages of buck-boost capability, low leakage current due to a shared terminal between the grid and input, high gain from the switched inductor concept, and lower switching losses as two switches operate at line frequency. The topology and its four modes of operation are described. Simulation results show the input and output voltages and currents meet expectations. Hardware implementation using a dSPACE controller verifies the expected output voltage is achieved. The topology offers improvements over other transformerless inverters and is suitable for applications like photovoltaics and microgrids.
IRJET- Design of Single Phase Transformerless InverterIRJET Journal
The document describes the design of a single-phase transformerless inverter for use in grid-connected photovoltaic systems. It discusses how such inverters can induce leakage currents due to the lack of galvanic isolation and unstable common mode voltages. The paper then presents the H5 inverter topology as a way to reduce these leakage currents by keeping the common mode voltage constant during all operating modes. Simulation results from MATLAB show that the H5 topology achieves lower leakage currents than other topologies like H6 and HERIC. The document concludes that the H5 inverter design meets the requirements for eliminating leakage currents in transformerless photovoltaic systems.
IRJET- Design of Single Phase Transformerless InverterIRJET Journal
The document describes the design of a single-phase transformerless inverter. It discusses the H5 topology for such an inverter, which aims to eliminate leakage current by keeping the common mode voltage constant during all operating modes. The H5 topology uses five switches and four diodes. It operates in four modes within each period of the utility grid cycle: 1) conduction during the positive half cycle, 2) freewheeling during the positive half cycle, 3) conduction during the negative half cycle, and 4) freewheeling during the negative half cycle. By maintaining the common mode voltage at half the peak voltage during all modes, the H5 topology aims to eliminate leakage current caused by stray capacitance between the PV
A Hybrid DC-DC Converter for Standalone ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document presents a hybrid DC-DC converter for standalone renewable energy systems. The converter combines a solar panel and fuel cell as dual power inputs. It utilizes a bootstrap circuit to maintain the expected output voltage even if one input is unavailable or short circuited. The converter operates in three modes - simultaneous operation of both inputs, individual operation of the fuel cell input via bootstrap charging, and individual operation of the solar input. Simulation results demonstrate the converter regulating the output voltage at 40V during both normal operation and bootstrap operation, with low voltage ripple levels. The proposed topology aims to improve reliability and efficiency for hybrid renewable energy systems.
This paper proposes an asymmetrical cascaded single phase H-bridge inverter. The proposed inverter consists of two modules with unequal and isolated dc sources. Each module is composed of dc source, conventional four switches H-bridge and single bidirectional switch. To increase the output voltage levels, the tertiary ratio, 1:3, between its two dc sources is adopted. Both the fundamental frequency and the multicarrier pulse width modulation (PWM) control schemes are employed to generate switches signals. By controlling the inverter modulation index, the proposed inverter can generate an output voltage having up to seventeen levels by using only two modules. The proposed topology has also the feature of modularity which means that it can be extended to any levels by adding new modules. The proposed topology is simulated using an inductive load and some selected simulation results have been provided to validate the proposed inverter.
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement by Harmonic Reduction using Compact Desi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new multilevel inverter design with reduced number of switches to improve power quality by reducing harmonic distortion. The proposed design is a 21-level cascaded H-bridge inverter topology that uses only 24 switches compared to other multilevel inverter designs. The performance of the proposed inverter is validated through MATLAB simulation, which shows it can generate a 21-level output voltage waveform with 10.65% total harmonic distortion under no load conditions.
A PV BASED MODIFIED MULTILEVEL INVERTER WITH REDUCED NUMBER OF SWITCHESIRJET Journal
This document presents a modified cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter with reduced number of switches. The conventional cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter requires two voltage sources and eight switches to generate five voltage levels, making the system expensive and bulky. The proposed modified inverter uses only five switches and two voltage sources to generate the same five voltage levels. This reduces the complexity and cost of the system. Simulation results show that the total harmonic distortion of the modified inverter is 28%, which is lower than the 30.27% THD of the conventional cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. The document also proposes using a photovoltaic array as the renewable energy voltage source for the modified multilevel in
Structure of 15-Level Sub-Module Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter for Speed Control...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper deals with the implementation of a single phase 15-level Sub- Multilevel Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter (SMCHBI) for variable speed industrial drive applications. It consists of sub-multilevel modules and H- bridge inverter configuration. Sub-multilevel switches synthesize stepped DC link voltage and current from the DC sources. H-bridge inverter switches renovate stepped DC link voltage and current into sinusoidal waveform. Compared with conventional Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (CMLI), the proposed system employs the reduced number of power switches, DC sources and gate driver requirements. The proposed system not only reduces the overall system cost but also reduces the voltage stress across the inverter switches. The proposed system does not required additional resonant soft switching circuits for Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) of inverter. In the proposed method, variable frequency method is adopted for the speed control of industrial induction motor drives. A prototype model of 15-level SMCHB is developed and the performance of the systems is validated experimentally.
Switched Inductor Based Buck-Boost Transformerless InverterIRJET Journal
This document presents a switched inductor based buck-boost transformerless inverter topology for connecting photovoltaic systems to the electric grid. The topology uses five switches and has the advantages of buck-boost capability, low leakage current due to a shared terminal between the grid and input, high gain from the switched inductor concept, and lower switching losses as two switches operate at line frequency. The topology and its four modes of operation are described. Simulation results show the input and output voltages and currents meet expectations. Hardware implementation using a dSPACE controller verifies the expected output voltage is achieved. The topology offers improvements over other transformerless inverters and is suitable for applications like photovoltaics and microgrids.
IRJET- Design of Single Phase Transformerless InverterIRJET Journal
The document describes the design of a single-phase transformerless inverter for use in grid-connected photovoltaic systems. It discusses how such inverters can induce leakage currents due to the lack of galvanic isolation and unstable common mode voltages. The paper then presents the H5 inverter topology as a way to reduce these leakage currents by keeping the common mode voltage constant during all operating modes. Simulation results from MATLAB show that the H5 topology achieves lower leakage currents than other topologies like H6 and HERIC. The document concludes that the H5 inverter design meets the requirements for eliminating leakage currents in transformerless photovoltaic systems.
IRJET- Design of Single Phase Transformerless InverterIRJET Journal
The document describes the design of a single-phase transformerless inverter. It discusses the H5 topology for such an inverter, which aims to eliminate leakage current by keeping the common mode voltage constant during all operating modes. The H5 topology uses five switches and four diodes. It operates in four modes within each period of the utility grid cycle: 1) conduction during the positive half cycle, 2) freewheeling during the positive half cycle, 3) conduction during the negative half cycle, and 4) freewheeling during the negative half cycle. By maintaining the common mode voltage at half the peak voltage during all modes, the H5 topology aims to eliminate leakage current caused by stray capacitance between the PV
A Hybrid DC-DC Converter for Standalone ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document presents a hybrid DC-DC converter for standalone renewable energy systems. The converter combines a solar panel and fuel cell as dual power inputs. It utilizes a bootstrap circuit to maintain the expected output voltage even if one input is unavailable or short circuited. The converter operates in three modes - simultaneous operation of both inputs, individual operation of the fuel cell input via bootstrap charging, and individual operation of the solar input. Simulation results demonstrate the converter regulating the output voltage at 40V during both normal operation and bootstrap operation, with low voltage ripple levels. The proposed topology aims to improve reliability and efficiency for hybrid renewable energy systems.
IRJET- Implementation of Modified H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter Topology f...IRJET Journal
The document proposes a new seven-level inverter topology based on a modified H-bridge converter for use in solar photovoltaic systems. The proposed topology requires only eight switches to generate seven voltage levels, compared to twelve switches needed in conventional cascaded H-bridge topologies. Simulation results in MATLAB demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed topology, showing it can produce a seven-level output voltage waveform with less than 2% total harmonic distortion using a small filter. Experimental validation with a 10W solar panel and resistive load verifies the simulation results.
Three Phase Seven-level Triple Voltage Booster Switched-Capacitors based Mult...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed three-phase seven-level triple voltage booster switched-capacitor multilevel inverter with minimal components. The proposed inverter configuration uses a single DC source and only six switching components per phase leg to produce a seven-level output voltage waveform from line to line. It features built-in capacitor voltage balancing and a voltage boosting capability of three times the input voltage. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed inverter topology compared to existing multilevel inverter configurations.
Comparative Study of Fuzzy Logic Based Speed Control of Multilevel Inverter f...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a comparative analysis of speed control of brushless DC motor (BLDC) drive fed with conventional two-level, three and five level diode clamped multilevel inverter (DC-MLI). The performance of the drive system is successfully evaluated using Fuzzy Logic (FL) based speed controller. The control structure of the proposed drive system is described. The speed and torque characteristic of conventional two-level inverter is compared with the three and five-level multilevel inverter (MLI) for various operating conditions. The three and five level diode clamped multilevel inverters are simulated using IGBT’s and the mathematical model of BLDC motor has been developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The simulation results show that the Fuzzy based speed controller eliminate torque ripples and provides fast speed response. The developed Fuzzy Logic model has the ability to learn instantaneously and adapt its own controller parameters based on disturbances with minimum steady state error, overshoot and rise time of the output voltage.
Studies On Switching Losses In Electric Vehicle Drive Train SystemIRJET Journal
This document discusses reducing switching losses in the drive train system of electric vehicles. It proposes using an interleaved boost converter and cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (MLI) topology for the powertrain system. The interleaved boost converter is used to reduce current stress, while the cascaded H-bridge MLI reduces voltage stress. Models of the interleaved boost converter and 5-level cascaded H-bridge MLI are developed in MATLAB Simulink. Simulation results show this topology can significantly reduce losses compared to a conventional system. A prototype hardware model is also implemented to validate the simulation results. Equations for analyzing power losses in the switches of each component are provided.
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel Quasi Z-source (QZS) based asymmetric multilevel inverter for photovoltaic applications. The proposed system consists of a QZS network and an asymmetric multilevel inverter (AMLI). The QZS network can boost the input DC voltage, eliminating the need for a separate DC-DC boost converter. The AMLI topology uses reduced switches and DC sources to generate a high quality 31-level output voltage. Analysis and design equations of the QZS network and AMLI are presented. Simulation results in Matlab/Simulink verify the performance of the proposed single-stage inverter.
Design consideration of an mmc hvdc system based on 4500 v:4000a emitter turn...Ghazal Falahi
Excessive power loss is a major concern in high voltage and high power applications and is considered one of the main drawbacks of VSC-HVDC system when compared with traditional HVDC system based on thyristor technology. This is primarily caused by high switching loss associated with switching devices used in the VSC-HVDC. This issue can be largely addressed by using the emerging MMC-HVDC topology, which requires much lower switching frequency than traditional VSC-HVDC. Emitter turn-off thyristor (ETO) is one of the best high power switching devices packed with many advanced features. ETO thyristor based MMC-HVDC system is therefore an extremely attractive choice for ultra-high voltage and high power HVDCs. This paper discusses the operation principle of ETO based MMC-HVDC as well as its design and loss comparison with other solutions.
IRJET- Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter for Induction Motor DriveIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a five-level diode clamped multilevel inverter fed induction motor drive system using solar energy as the renewable input source.
2) A multilevel boost converter is used to boost the voltage from the solar panels and balance the DC bus voltages of the diode clamped multilevel inverter.
3) Simulation results show that the five-level inverter provides reduced total harmonic distortion of 4.10% in the output current compared to 48.16% for a two-level inverter, demonstrating improved motor performance from use of the multilevel inverter topology.
Aircraft Electrical Power Generation & Distribution System Units Through an A...IJMTST Journal
This paper illustrates a generic Electrical Power Generation & Distribution System. The AC power frequency is variable and depends of the engine speed. The represents the generator mechanical drive and is modeled by a simple signal builder, which provides the mechanical speed of the engine shaft.The represents the power AC generator. It is composed of a modified version of the simplified synchronous machine. The mechanical input of the modified machine of 50 kW is the engine speed. The Generator Control Unit regulates the voltage of the generator to 200 volts line to line.The represents the Primary Distribution system. It is composed of three current and voltage sensors. There is also a 3-phase contactor controlled by the Generator Control Unit. Finally, a parasitic resistive load is required to avoid numerical oscillations. The section represents the secondary Power Distribution system. It is represented by 4 circuit breakers with adjustable current trip. The section represents the AC loads. There is a 4 kW Transformer and Rectifier Unit (which supplies 28 Vdc), a 12 kW induction machine (motor driving a pump), a 1 kW resistive load (lamps) and a 3 hp simplified (using an average value inverter) brushless DC drive (motor driving a ballscrew actuator)
DC-DC Converter With Multiple Inputs For Hybrid Electric Vehicles Application.IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed DC-DC converter with multiple inputs for use in hybrid electric vehicles. The converter has three sources of electricity: a battery, photovoltaic panel, and fuel cell. It can power the load from any combination of these sources. The control mechanism manages power distribution in an efficient way. Simulation results show the converter increases the output voltage as required and can continue operating even if certain inputs are unavailable. It provides a reliable power supply for electric and hybrid vehicles.
A Novel Three Phase Multilevel Inverter with Single DC Link for Induction Mot...IJECEIAES
1) The document presents two configurations of a novel three-phase eleven-level multilevel inverter with a reduced number of switches for induction motor drive applications.
2) Configuration 1 uses separate DC sources for each phase, requiring 24 switches total. Configuration 2 uses a single common DC source for all three phases, also requiring 24 switches.
3) Both configurations are simulated in Matlab/Simulink. Results show the inverter produces a three-phase voltage of 600V peak-to-peak and supplies 50A to an induction motor, driving it at 1400rpm with 10N-m of torque.
This document presents a comparative investigation of a 7-level cascaded multilevel inverter using different multicarrier pulse width modulation techniques. It discusses the classification, operation, and modulation strategies of multilevel inverters including diode clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge topologies. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink are presented to analyze the total harmonic distortion for a 7-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter using phase disposition, alternate phase opposition disposition, and phase opposition disposition pulse width modulation techniques. The research aims to improve the output waveform quality and reduce switching losses of the 7-level inverter.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a 7-level multilevel inverter based electric spring with a resonant switched capacitor converter to enhance voltage regulation in a distribution system. The electric spring uses demand side management to maintain constant voltage for critical loads during voltage variations from distributed generation sources. The proposed topology reduces component count and maintains balanced voltages across input capacitors compared to previous electric spring implementations. Simulations test the proposed topology under voltage sag and swell conditions and analyze results based on total harmonic distortion in the critical load voltage.
IRJET - Comparative Study of Different AC-DC Converter for High Step DownIRJET Journal
This document compares a single-stage three-phase AC-DC converter using SiC MOSFETs to a conventional two-stage AC-DC converter. The single-stage converter removes the need for a separate DC-DC stage by using a high frequency transformer to directly step down the voltage from the PFC stage. This makes the design more compact and efficient with lower costs compared to the conventional two-stage approach with its 10 switches and separate DC-DC stage. Simulation results show the THD is reduced to 10% and efficiency increased to 95% with the proposed single-stage design.
IRJET- Investigation on DC-DC Converter Topologies for PV ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document investigates different DC-DC converter topologies for photovoltaic (PV) applications and proposes a suitable topology for reducing output voltage ripple. It simulates the Boost converter, SEPIC converter, and non-inverting buck-boost converter in MATLAB/Simulink. The Boost converter has the lowest output voltage ripple of 0.0025V. A PV model is also developed and simulated. Finally, the Boost converter is interfaced with the PV model to step up the low PV output voltage. Simulation results show the Boost converter interfaced with PV provides an output voltage of 24V with low ripple of 0.0025V.
IRJET- A Novel Topology for a Single Phase Hyperlevel Inverter using a Single...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a novel topology for a single-phase hyperlevel inverter using a single DC power source. The proposed topology converts two buck converters into a hyperlevel inverter to generate n levels of output voltage without changing the topology structure. Only the switching frequency is varied to control the number of levels. The topology was designed to produce a 1000 level, 220V output voltage at 50Hz with 1KW power from a single DC source. Simulation results validated the mathematical model and performance of the proposed single DC source hyperlevel inverter topology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Self-Balancing Switched Capacitor Multilevel Inverter Structure with Six-fo...IRJET Journal
This document describes a novel self-balancing switched capacitor multilevel inverter structure that can generate 13 voltage levels from a single DC supply using 3 capacitors and 14 switches. Key features include its ability to automatically balance capacitor voltages through series and parallel charging and discharging, and its reduction in maximum blocking voltage stress across switches compared to similar topologies. The document outlines the circuit configuration, operating principle with 13 states, capacitor sizing analysis, and modulation scheme. Simulation results validate the performance and viability of the proposed topology, which is well-suited for renewable energy applications due to its reduced switching stresses.
Brushless DC Motor Drive using an Isolated-Luo Converter for Power Factor Cor...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on a brushless DC motor drive using an isolated Luo converter for power factor correction. Key points:
1) A brushless DC motor drive is presented using an isolated Luo converter to improve power quality at the AC mains while allowing for speed control of the BLDC motor.
2) The isolated Luo converter operates in discontinuous inductor current mode using a single voltage sensor, achieving inherent power factor correction with reduced sensing requirements.
3) Simulation results are presented to evaluate the performance of the drive in improving power quality for varying motor speeds and supply voltages.
IRJET- Comparison of H5 and HERIC Trasformerless Inverter Topology Conserning...IRJET Journal
This document compares the H5 and HERIC transformerless inverter topologies used in photovoltaic systems for their leakage current and efficiency. It finds that the HERIC topology has lower conduction losses than the H5 topology due to differences in switching behavior. The HERIC topology also produces less leakage current than the H5. Both topologies require similar sized filters to cancel output harmonics. In conclusion, the HERIC topology performs better in terms of losses and leakage current reduction compared to the H5 topology for photovoltaic inverters.
IRJET- Improved Power Quality Switched Inductor Cuk Converter for Battery Cha...IRJET Journal
This document presents a switched inductor Cuk converter for improving power quality in battery charging applications for electric vehicles. The converter provides high step-down gain, low current stress, high efficiency and reduced component counts. It allows for unity power factor and low total harmonic distortion at the supply side. Simulation results show the converter can charge a battery at a constant current to increase its state of charge over time, and at a constant voltage once fully charged. The converter performance is evaluated under steady state and dynamic load conditions to verify it meets power quality standards for applications such as electric vehicle battery charging.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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This document describes a proposed three-phase seven-level triple voltage booster switched-capacitor multilevel inverter with minimal components. The proposed inverter configuration uses a single DC source and only six switching components per phase leg to produce a seven-level output voltage waveform from line to line. It features built-in capacitor voltage balancing and a voltage boosting capability of three times the input voltage. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed inverter topology compared to existing multilevel inverter configurations.
Comparative Study of Fuzzy Logic Based Speed Control of Multilevel Inverter f...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a comparative analysis of speed control of brushless DC motor (BLDC) drive fed with conventional two-level, three and five level diode clamped multilevel inverter (DC-MLI). The performance of the drive system is successfully evaluated using Fuzzy Logic (FL) based speed controller. The control structure of the proposed drive system is described. The speed and torque characteristic of conventional two-level inverter is compared with the three and five-level multilevel inverter (MLI) for various operating conditions. The three and five level diode clamped multilevel inverters are simulated using IGBT’s and the mathematical model of BLDC motor has been developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The simulation results show that the Fuzzy based speed controller eliminate torque ripples and provides fast speed response. The developed Fuzzy Logic model has the ability to learn instantaneously and adapt its own controller parameters based on disturbances with minimum steady state error, overshoot and rise time of the output voltage.
Studies On Switching Losses In Electric Vehicle Drive Train SystemIRJET Journal
This document discusses reducing switching losses in the drive train system of electric vehicles. It proposes using an interleaved boost converter and cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (MLI) topology for the powertrain system. The interleaved boost converter is used to reduce current stress, while the cascaded H-bridge MLI reduces voltage stress. Models of the interleaved boost converter and 5-level cascaded H-bridge MLI are developed in MATLAB Simulink. Simulation results show this topology can significantly reduce losses compared to a conventional system. A prototype hardware model is also implemented to validate the simulation results. Equations for analyzing power losses in the switches of each component are provided.
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel Quasi Z-source (QZS) based asymmetric multilevel inverter for photovoltaic applications. The proposed system consists of a QZS network and an asymmetric multilevel inverter (AMLI). The QZS network can boost the input DC voltage, eliminating the need for a separate DC-DC boost converter. The AMLI topology uses reduced switches and DC sources to generate a high quality 31-level output voltage. Analysis and design equations of the QZS network and AMLI are presented. Simulation results in Matlab/Simulink verify the performance of the proposed single-stage inverter.
Design consideration of an mmc hvdc system based on 4500 v:4000a emitter turn...Ghazal Falahi
Excessive power loss is a major concern in high voltage and high power applications and is considered one of the main drawbacks of VSC-HVDC system when compared with traditional HVDC system based on thyristor technology. This is primarily caused by high switching loss associated with switching devices used in the VSC-HVDC. This issue can be largely addressed by using the emerging MMC-HVDC topology, which requires much lower switching frequency than traditional VSC-HVDC. Emitter turn-off thyristor (ETO) is one of the best high power switching devices packed with many advanced features. ETO thyristor based MMC-HVDC system is therefore an extremely attractive choice for ultra-high voltage and high power HVDCs. This paper discusses the operation principle of ETO based MMC-HVDC as well as its design and loss comparison with other solutions.
IRJET- Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter for Induction Motor DriveIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a five-level diode clamped multilevel inverter fed induction motor drive system using solar energy as the renewable input source.
2) A multilevel boost converter is used to boost the voltage from the solar panels and balance the DC bus voltages of the diode clamped multilevel inverter.
3) Simulation results show that the five-level inverter provides reduced total harmonic distortion of 4.10% in the output current compared to 48.16% for a two-level inverter, demonstrating improved motor performance from use of the multilevel inverter topology.
Aircraft Electrical Power Generation & Distribution System Units Through an A...IJMTST Journal
This paper illustrates a generic Electrical Power Generation & Distribution System. The AC power frequency is variable and depends of the engine speed. The represents the generator mechanical drive and is modeled by a simple signal builder, which provides the mechanical speed of the engine shaft.The represents the power AC generator. It is composed of a modified version of the simplified synchronous machine. The mechanical input of the modified machine of 50 kW is the engine speed. The Generator Control Unit regulates the voltage of the generator to 200 volts line to line.The represents the Primary Distribution system. It is composed of three current and voltage sensors. There is also a 3-phase contactor controlled by the Generator Control Unit. Finally, a parasitic resistive load is required to avoid numerical oscillations. The section represents the secondary Power Distribution system. It is represented by 4 circuit breakers with adjustable current trip. The section represents the AC loads. There is a 4 kW Transformer and Rectifier Unit (which supplies 28 Vdc), a 12 kW induction machine (motor driving a pump), a 1 kW resistive load (lamps) and a 3 hp simplified (using an average value inverter) brushless DC drive (motor driving a ballscrew actuator)
DC-DC Converter With Multiple Inputs For Hybrid Electric Vehicles Application.IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed DC-DC converter with multiple inputs for use in hybrid electric vehicles. The converter has three sources of electricity: a battery, photovoltaic panel, and fuel cell. It can power the load from any combination of these sources. The control mechanism manages power distribution in an efficient way. Simulation results show the converter increases the output voltage as required and can continue operating even if certain inputs are unavailable. It provides a reliable power supply for electric and hybrid vehicles.
A Novel Three Phase Multilevel Inverter with Single DC Link for Induction Mot...IJECEIAES
1) The document presents two configurations of a novel three-phase eleven-level multilevel inverter with a reduced number of switches for induction motor drive applications.
2) Configuration 1 uses separate DC sources for each phase, requiring 24 switches total. Configuration 2 uses a single common DC source for all three phases, also requiring 24 switches.
3) Both configurations are simulated in Matlab/Simulink. Results show the inverter produces a three-phase voltage of 600V peak-to-peak and supplies 50A to an induction motor, driving it at 1400rpm with 10N-m of torque.
This document presents a comparative investigation of a 7-level cascaded multilevel inverter using different multicarrier pulse width modulation techniques. It discusses the classification, operation, and modulation strategies of multilevel inverters including diode clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge topologies. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink are presented to analyze the total harmonic distortion for a 7-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter using phase disposition, alternate phase opposition disposition, and phase opposition disposition pulse width modulation techniques. The research aims to improve the output waveform quality and reduce switching losses of the 7-level inverter.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a 7-level multilevel inverter based electric spring with a resonant switched capacitor converter to enhance voltage regulation in a distribution system. The electric spring uses demand side management to maintain constant voltage for critical loads during voltage variations from distributed generation sources. The proposed topology reduces component count and maintains balanced voltages across input capacitors compared to previous electric spring implementations. Simulations test the proposed topology under voltage sag and swell conditions and analyze results based on total harmonic distortion in the critical load voltage.
IRJET - Comparative Study of Different AC-DC Converter for High Step DownIRJET Journal
This document compares a single-stage three-phase AC-DC converter using SiC MOSFETs to a conventional two-stage AC-DC converter. The single-stage converter removes the need for a separate DC-DC stage by using a high frequency transformer to directly step down the voltage from the PFC stage. This makes the design more compact and efficient with lower costs compared to the conventional two-stage approach with its 10 switches and separate DC-DC stage. Simulation results show the THD is reduced to 10% and efficiency increased to 95% with the proposed single-stage design.
IRJET- Investigation on DC-DC Converter Topologies for PV ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document investigates different DC-DC converter topologies for photovoltaic (PV) applications and proposes a suitable topology for reducing output voltage ripple. It simulates the Boost converter, SEPIC converter, and non-inverting buck-boost converter in MATLAB/Simulink. The Boost converter has the lowest output voltage ripple of 0.0025V. A PV model is also developed and simulated. Finally, the Boost converter is interfaced with the PV model to step up the low PV output voltage. Simulation results show the Boost converter interfaced with PV provides an output voltage of 24V with low ripple of 0.0025V.
IRJET- A Novel Topology for a Single Phase Hyperlevel Inverter using a Single...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a novel topology for a single-phase hyperlevel inverter using a single DC power source. The proposed topology converts two buck converters into a hyperlevel inverter to generate n levels of output voltage without changing the topology structure. Only the switching frequency is varied to control the number of levels. The topology was designed to produce a 1000 level, 220V output voltage at 50Hz with 1KW power from a single DC source. Simulation results validated the mathematical model and performance of the proposed single DC source hyperlevel inverter topology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Self-Balancing Switched Capacitor Multilevel Inverter Structure with Six-fo...IRJET Journal
This document describes a novel self-balancing switched capacitor multilevel inverter structure that can generate 13 voltage levels from a single DC supply using 3 capacitors and 14 switches. Key features include its ability to automatically balance capacitor voltages through series and parallel charging and discharging, and its reduction in maximum blocking voltage stress across switches compared to similar topologies. The document outlines the circuit configuration, operating principle with 13 states, capacitor sizing analysis, and modulation scheme. Simulation results validate the performance and viability of the proposed topology, which is well-suited for renewable energy applications due to its reduced switching stresses.
Brushless DC Motor Drive using an Isolated-Luo Converter for Power Factor Cor...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on a brushless DC motor drive using an isolated Luo converter for power factor correction. Key points:
1) A brushless DC motor drive is presented using an isolated Luo converter to improve power quality at the AC mains while allowing for speed control of the BLDC motor.
2) The isolated Luo converter operates in discontinuous inductor current mode using a single voltage sensor, achieving inherent power factor correction with reduced sensing requirements.
3) Simulation results are presented to evaluate the performance of the drive in improving power quality for varying motor speeds and supply voltages.
IRJET- Comparison of H5 and HERIC Trasformerless Inverter Topology Conserning...IRJET Journal
This document compares the H5 and HERIC transformerless inverter topologies used in photovoltaic systems for their leakage current and efficiency. It finds that the HERIC topology has lower conduction losses than the H5 topology due to differences in switching behavior. The HERIC topology also produces less leakage current than the H5. Both topologies require similar sized filters to cancel output harmonics. In conclusion, the HERIC topology performs better in terms of losses and leakage current reduction compared to the H5 topology for photovoltaic inverters.
IRJET- Improved Power Quality Switched Inductor Cuk Converter for Battery Cha...IRJET Journal
This document presents a switched inductor Cuk converter for improving power quality in battery charging applications for electric vehicles. The converter provides high step-down gain, low current stress, high efficiency and reduced component counts. It allows for unity power factor and low total harmonic distortion at the supply side. Simulation results show the converter can charge a battery at a constant current to increase its state of charge over time, and at a constant voltage once fully charged. The converter performance is evaluated under steady state and dynamic load conditions to verify it meets power quality standards for applications such as electric vehicle battery charging.
Similar to Power quality issues and challenges in RES based System (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network