The document summarizes the first direct image taken of a black hole by the Event Horizon Telescope in 2017. Key points include:
1) The image showed a dark circle surrounded by a bright ring, matching predictions from Einstein's theory of general relativity for the shadow and photon ring around a black hole.
2) Analysis of the image allowed estimation of the black hole's size and properties, concluding it has a mass of around 6.5 billion solar masses and is located 53 million light years away at the center of the M87 galaxy.
3) Future research aims to take even higher resolution images with improved telescopes to learn more about black hole physics and further test Einstein's theory of general relativity. Asia
Galaxy Forum USA 2016 - Prof Imke de Pater, UC BerkeleyILOAHawaii
Background:
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of ILOA, it is an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development around the world.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Stats:
Almost 70 Galaxy Forums, with a total of about 300 presentations to date.
Held in 26 locations worldwide including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
Started with Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008 in Silicon Valley, California.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i.
ILOA Galaxy Forum SEA Thailand -- NEO and Space Debris, KirdkaoILOAHawaii
The 4th Regional Galaxy Forum Southeast Asia is taking place at the Science Centre for Education at the Bangkok Planetarium in collaboration between ILOA, National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT) and Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA).
Thailand is a leader in the region for Astronomy and Satellite Technology.
NARIT is a national research organization for astronomy in Thailand enabling the development of a collaborative research network both regionally and globally, and aiming at developing and strengthening knowledge in astronomy at an international level. They also ally with public and private observatories and other institutions around the World to pursue excellence in scientific research, education and public outreach.
Galaxy Forum SEA 2016 Malaysia - Hakim MalasanILOAHawaii
The 1st Galaxy Forum in Malaysia is being held in cooperation with the Space Science Centre at the National University of Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur. The event will be held in Dewan Kuliah Tun Abdullah Mohd Salleh Hall. ANGKASA was founded as a multidisciplinary research institute conducting teaching at postgraduate level and research in the field of;
Space Science: Astronomy, astrophysics, astrobiology, space chemistry, geology and meteorology of the planet
Space Technology: Design and installation of systems for communication, control and drive for rocket and spacecraft
Space Technology Applications: Covering meteorologists field, environmental management, disaster management and land use
Space Governance: Space law and international relations associated with the exploration and use of space
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of the International Lunar Observatory Association, an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Sixty-five Galaxy Forums with a total of almost 300 presentations have been held in 26 locations worldwide (since Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008) including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
FROM UNDERSTANDING BASIC PARTICLE PHYSICS —to exploring the Universe During the first half of 2013, a number of startling advances in astro-particle physics have been announced. In addition to this--the next ultra large cosmic ray experiment is being developed, regions of the world (including southwest Kansas) tested for their suitability to host such an experiment. In this talk you will get a brief introduction of the ideas of particle physics and how they are being transformed into astro-particle measurements to further understand the Universe and the forces within it.
Galaxy Forum USA 2016 - Prof Imke de Pater, UC BerkeleyILOAHawaii
Background:
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of ILOA, it is an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development around the world.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Stats:
Almost 70 Galaxy Forums, with a total of about 300 presentations to date.
Held in 26 locations worldwide including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
Started with Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008 in Silicon Valley, California.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i.
ILOA Galaxy Forum SEA Thailand -- NEO and Space Debris, KirdkaoILOAHawaii
The 4th Regional Galaxy Forum Southeast Asia is taking place at the Science Centre for Education at the Bangkok Planetarium in collaboration between ILOA, National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT) and Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA).
Thailand is a leader in the region for Astronomy and Satellite Technology.
NARIT is a national research organization for astronomy in Thailand enabling the development of a collaborative research network both regionally and globally, and aiming at developing and strengthening knowledge in astronomy at an international level. They also ally with public and private observatories and other institutions around the World to pursue excellence in scientific research, education and public outreach.
Galaxy Forum SEA 2016 Malaysia - Hakim MalasanILOAHawaii
The 1st Galaxy Forum in Malaysia is being held in cooperation with the Space Science Centre at the National University of Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur. The event will be held in Dewan Kuliah Tun Abdullah Mohd Salleh Hall. ANGKASA was founded as a multidisciplinary research institute conducting teaching at postgraduate level and research in the field of;
Space Science: Astronomy, astrophysics, astrobiology, space chemistry, geology and meteorology of the planet
Space Technology: Design and installation of systems for communication, control and drive for rocket and spacecraft
Space Technology Applications: Covering meteorologists field, environmental management, disaster management and land use
Space Governance: Space law and international relations associated with the exploration and use of space
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of the International Lunar Observatory Association, an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Sixty-five Galaxy Forums with a total of almost 300 presentations have been held in 26 locations worldwide (since Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008) including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
FROM UNDERSTANDING BASIC PARTICLE PHYSICS —to exploring the Universe During the first half of 2013, a number of startling advances in astro-particle physics have been announced. In addition to this--the next ultra large cosmic ray experiment is being developed, regions of the world (including southwest Kansas) tested for their suitability to host such an experiment. In this talk you will get a brief introduction of the ideas of particle physics and how they are being transformed into astro-particle measurements to further understand the Universe and the forces within it.
Astronomy - State of the Art - GalaxiesChris Impey
Astronomy - State of the Art is a course covering the hottest topics in astronomy. In this section, the properties of galaxies are discussed, including supermassive black holes and dark matter.
Peter Biantes Sharper Black Hole Image .pdfPeter Biantes
Peter Biantes | The black hole image shows a bright ring-like structure, which is actually the hot gas and dust surrounding the black hole, being pulled into it by its intense gravity.
The black hole itself appears as a dark shadow in the center of the ring.
James Webb Space Telescope- in search of our originKshitij Bane
A presentation about The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) which will be launched in 2019. The presentation covers basic information about the telescope, its primary mirror, its orbit & the Sunshield. It also explains why the telescope will work in infrared region of electromagnetic spectrum and how it truly is an Engineering marvel.
Kako smo videli nevidljivo - od crne rupe do Nobelove nagrade za fizikuMilan Milošević
Predavanje održano 27. septembra 2021. godine u okviru serije naučno-popularnih predavanja povodom obeležavanja 50 godina studija fizike, hemije i matematike na Univerzitetu u Nišu i dana Prirodno-matematičkog fakultetu u Nišu.
In this deck from the Blue Waters 2018 Symposium, Brian O'Shea from Michigan State University presents: Exploring the Universe with Blue Waters.
"Astronomy, astrophysics, and space sciences are fields that are inundated with data, and involve physical phenomena that are complex and cannot be explored via experiments on Earth. As a result, sophisticated simulation tools are required to make theoretical progress in understanding these phenomena, and large-scale computing is required to both analyze observational data and to execute the necessary simulations. Blue Waters has been one of the forefront instruments for making progress in these fields in the past few years due to both its unique capabilities and its large size. In this talk, I will highlight some of the most important advances made in astronomy, astrophysics, and space sciences using Blue Waters, including a variety of figures and animations contributed by the user community."
Watch the video: https://wp.me/p3RLHQ-iXG
Learn more: https://bluewaters.ncsa.illinois.edu/blue-waters-symposium-2018
Sign up for our insideHPC Newsletter: http://insidehpc.com/newsletter
Applications Of Computer Science in AstronomyAhmed Abuzuraiq
A presentations I did for an Astronomy course about the role that computer science plays in in astronomy , Examples included are
Adaptive Optics,Automated Ground Observatory,Galaxies Classifications and Simulations.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
2. • E
BLACK HOLE SHADOW: APRIL 10, 2019
Breakthrough Prize, Einstein Prize, NSF Diamond Award, CTCI Award,…
3. Why is This Result Important ?
because it’s a real picture !
• Black Hole: “INVISIBLE” or “UNSEEABLE”
• Black Hole: where “GRAVITY” is strongest
• Black Hole: no escape — not even light
• Black Hole: no information from inside
• Small Black Hole: “end state” of big stars (>5-10 times sun)
— leftover after “supernova” explosion
• Big Black Hole: Billions times the sun’s mass
— in the nucleus of galaxies
• Black Hole Properties: high temperature? high density?
— depends on mass of Black Hole
• Black Hole Physics: tests General Relativity
• This Experiment is an “Optics” + “Information” Problem
4. What does the Image Say?
42μas
It’s Black, and Looks like a Hole
5. Recent BLACK HOLE Research
— Hear it, Feel it, (Not) See it
• Detection of Gravitational Waves (tens of cases)
• Progenitors of Gravitational Waves (one + )
• Orbital Motions at the Event Horizon (one)
• Imaging of the Event Horizon (two)
• GR Effects
• common technique: Interferometry
(optics and missing information problem)
Paul Ho, ASIAA/EAOGalaxy Forum 03.03.2020
6. LIGO ‘HEARD’ GW
• The LIGO experiment (another
interferometer) was designed to be
sensitive to the very ripples in space
caused by gravitational disturbances
• Like two black holes colliding…
9. Future GW Research
• Expanded Sensitivity and New Instruments
(Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer, LISA)
• Many more detections, plus SMBHBs?
• Inspiral phase and post merger phase
• Theoretical Tests for GR effects
• Asia is invested in these future experiments
10. GRAVITY can be “FELT”
• The movement of stars - accelerated
to a fraction of the speed of light
around an invisible object - showed
SgrA* is likely a supermassive black
hole at the center of our galaxy
• Keck telescopes and GRAVITY
(VLT) have tracked them over 20
years (Andrea Ghez, Reinhard
Genzel)
13. Future Research of Dynamics
• Next Generation ISCO experiments
• extremely large telescope projects such as
TMT, ELT, GMT, can provide better
precision
• more accurate measurements of orbits
• fainter targets for orbital tests
• gas infall events detectable
• Asia is invested in these future experiments
14. GRAVITY can be “SEEN” ?
Take a Picture of Black Hole ?
• M87 black hole ~ 1 x 1043
g ~ 130 AU (Size)
• But M87 is very far! 53 Million Light Years
— 5 x 1020
km from us
• Schwarzschild Radius ~ 10 micro arcsecond
Sun or Moon ~ 30 arc minutes
M87 black hole ~ 5 x 10-9
size of moon
15. Spectrum vs Technology
submm ~ 10K 6000K
Problem Driven by Angular Resolution
Transparency
Precision
Energy
Scattering Extinction
16. • Mass will distort space-time until
even light cannot escape
• Einstein predicted the existence of
black holes - though even he was
n o t c o m f o r t a b l e w i t h t h e
conclusions from his equations
Gravity affects Geometry of Space
Gravity/Geometry instead of Material/Dielectric to bend Light
18. Artist's
im
pression!
VLBA 43 GHz VLA 20cm
VLA 15 GHz
60''
20''
5''
10mas
100µas
Image Credit: Bill Saxton NRAO/AUI/NSF
Walker et al (2008)
Zhou, Owen & Biretta
Case of M87
19. Directly Resolving the Black Hole
“because Seeing is Believing”
• Target Supermassive Black Hole
• Nearest Examples (SgrA*, M87)
(Shadow: ~5Rsch ~40 x 10-6 ’’)
• Very Long Baseline Interferometry
at Submm Wavelength
Precision ~ 10-10
20. Problem is Size
• The problem is nearby black holes are too small, and
supermassive black holes are too far. Existing
telescopes cannot resolve them.
• Two cases that look biggest to us would be at the
center of our galaxy… and one in M87 - 1000 times
further away, but also 1000 times bigger.
• The expected shadow around the black hole is just 50
µas
• We Need a telescope the size of the earth:
𝜃
array
= λ/D = 1.3mm/11000 km ~ 20 µas
DIFFRACTION PROBLEM
θ
21. Event Horizon Telescope in 2017
• Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), Chile
• ALMA Pathfinder Experiment (APEX), Chile
• James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), Hawaii
• Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT), Mexico
• IRAM 30-meter Telescope, Spain
• South Pole Telescope (SPT), South Pole
• Submillimeter Array (SMA), Hawaii
• Submillimeter Telescope (SMT), Arizona
M.Johnson/SAO
JCMT is an EAO Initiative
Asia also working on SMA, ALMA, GLT
24. What does the Image Say?
42μas
Its Size, Brightness, Symmetry
25. Physical Parameters?
• Photon Ring: ~42µas or ~400au, round
• Schwarzschild radius: rs = 2 GM /c2
• Shadow Size ~5 times rs (Event Horizon radius)
—— as expected by General Relativity
—— deduced mass ~ 6.5 billion solar mass
• Ring Brightness: ne ~ 104 cm-3, B ~ 3G, Maccr ~ 10-3 Msun yr-1
• Ring Asymmetry: Brighter on Bottom Side
—— consistent with rotation with doppler boosting
• Tipped Disk: Perpendicular to Relativistic Jet
• Spin of Black Hole: Pointed away from Earth
26. Future Research in Imaging SMBH
• Galactic Center SgrA* Image is exciting
• M87 in 2018 has GLT data, which makes map “sharper”
• Polarization Data not yet fully analyzed
• AGN data were taken
• EHT experiment in 2020 will be much better:
GLT surface upgraded with improved efficiency
JCMT has new “GLT” receiver with 4x sensitivity
IRAM NOEMA will be available
• Asia will play a leading role in pushing Higher Resolution
!26
27. Summary 1
• Current Research depends on Angular Resolution
• Gravity Wave Research probes Coalescence Process in
building larger Black Holes
• Optical/IR Interferometry probes dynamics at Event Horizon
and test GR effects
• Submm Very Long Baseline Interferometry probes structures
of Event Horizon and physical processes and test GR effects
• Next Generation Instruments will have more resolution and
more sensitivity (time domain, energy domain, dynamics
domain)
• Asia will play a leading role in this Frontier in Optics/Physics!
!27
28. Summary 2
• Technology Greatly Improved: Materials, Instrumentation
• Technique Developed: VLBI and Computing
• ALMA Construction: Global Astronomy Mega Projects
• Nature Cooperated: “Enough” Accretion around Black Holes
• Hope: Refine and Test Physical Laws
Understand Universe and its Past and Future History
Stimulate Science for the Future
• Asia will and must play a leading role in this Adventure!
!28
29. East Asian Submm-VLBI Network
• With Tibet, we can have
East-Asian Submm-VLBI
Network with good
imaging capability
• Combine with North
American and European
telescopes, it is possible
to have Global Submm
VLBI Network.
Greenland
Hawaii
Japan
Korea
Tibet
3C84
An EXAMPLE
