The International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) plans to conduct astronomy and Earth observation from installations on the lunar surface. ILOA's goals include obtaining the first images of the Milky Way galaxy center from the Moon and studying Earth's atmosphere and weather. Future ILOA missions propose using locations like the lunar south pole for astronomy and establishing a human presence on the Moon in the 2020s. ILOA is working with space agencies globally on collaborative lunar science missions.

1. By International Lunar Observatory Association
ILOA Astronomy from the Moon:
Galaxy First Light Imaging,
Earth Observation

2. International Lunar Observatory Association
To expand human understanding of the Cosmos
through observation from our Moon – with Aloha
 Hawaii non-profit since
2007
 Multi-Function ILO
 Galaxy astronomy,
communications
 Lunar base build-out
 Astronomy from the Moon:
A First Light Industry

3. ILOA Board of 27 International Directors

4. Why Astronomy from the Moon?
Some observations are feasible only by using the Moon...
> as a Shield (against Sun / Earth)
Radio quietness on far side (VLF radio)
Permanent darkness in polar craters (IR)
> as a Platform (stable & large area)
Interferometry w/ long baselines
+ thin exosphere compared to
Earth-based observatory or even LEO
+ for Access (from lunar base)
Service/upgrades – easier than in free space NASA

5. Apollo 16, John Young
Pioneering Astronomy from the Moon, 1972
Earth in UV
George Carruthers (left) explains
LSUC to John Young (right).
Lunar Surface Ultraviolet Camera (LSUC)
• 22-kg, 75-mm telescope @ Far-UV
• Field of View: 20°
• 178 frames captured: Earth’s upper atmosphere, aurora,
nebulae, star clusters, Large Magellanic Cloud, etc
Commander John Young

6. ILOA 4 Moon Missions
ILO Human Service Mission,
1st Women on the Moon (2020s)
ILO-1 South Polar Mission
(NET 2020)
ILO-X Precursor Mission
(NET 2019)
ILO – Chang’e-3 / CE-4
Galaxy Imaging
(2013-present)

7. ILO Mission Objectives
Primary:
• Galaxy First Light Imaging
• Lunar surface observation
(help develop lunar base)
• Earth observation
(climate change, precession, etc)
Additional applications:
VLF, SETI, NEOs, Solar storm warning

8. Lunar South Pole
Top of 5000-m Malapert Mountain
• Line-of-sight communication with Earth
• Nearly continuous Sunlight for power
• Proximity to water ice in permanently shadowed craters => likely Moon base site.
• Aitken Basin geological assets
• Southern skies observations including Milky Way
• Antarctica South Pole analog

9. ILO-1: Observation & Communication
from the Lunar South Pole
India PSLV
2016-2017 Lunar Electronics Program
2017-2018 Lunar Optics Program

10. EarthRise Photo: 1968 / Apollo 8 *** 20th Century ILO Imaging Galaxy Center *** 21st Century
ILO-1: Galaxy First Light Imaging
First Image of Milky Way Galaxy Center from the surface of Moon

11. ILO-1: Earth Observation
Meteorology:
Collect data on weather events,
improve weather forecasting
Magnetosphere:
Study complex interactions of Solar
wind with Earth magnetic field
Earth Rotation:
Observe rotation of the Earth for
precise measurements, precession,
Aquarius equinox epoch

12. ILO-X: Precursor Mission
Galaxy Center (6-min exposure)
by previous ILO-X Hardware
ILOA working with Canadensys Aerospace Corp. to develop flight-ready payload
for technology validation and risk reduction;
Proposing mission with University of AL – Huntsville for NASA Lunar Surface
Instrument & Technology Payloads for delivery by March 2020:
• Solid-state camera with 4π spherical view
• Operate in lunar day and potentially survive lunar night
• <1 kg, 5cm x 5cm x 5cm
• ~2 Watts for imaging
• 4 GB storage; data rates up to ~Mbps
Canadensys plans to fly camera elements to orbit 2019
(CCD, image capture/processing electronics, housing, no optics).

13. ILOA Chang’e-3 Galaxy Imaging Program with Lunar Ultraviolet Telescope
Lunar Ultraviolet Telescope
(LUT)
LUT principal investigator Prof. Jianyan Wei, NAOC

14. ILOA Galaxy Imaging Program with LUT
Spiral Galaxy M101
* This was imaged at the very edge of the telescope capability. M101 was barely within the
available sky coverage and had to be captured at the earliest possible time in the Lunar day
causing stray light and power supply stability issues.

15. ILOA Human Service Mission
Advances to be introduced at
Galaxy Forum Hainan 2020 on
11-14 Feb in Wenchang, China
ILOA Technical studies with SpaceDev Inc
in 2005 & 2006.
ILOA participated in a Human Lunar Lander multi-
party technical design project led by Golden
Spike Company 2011-2014.
First Women on the Moon
2020s
USA plans Human Return
to Moon 2024

16. Mission: Advance 21st Century Education worldwide to
provide greater global awareness, capabilities and action in
Galaxy science, exploration and enterprise.
Galaxy Forum Architecture
Locations:
Hawaii, USA
California, USA
Kansas, USA
New York, USA
Canada (Vancouver, Toronto)
South America (Santiago, Rio de Janeiro)
Europe (Strasbourg, Prague, Vienna)
Africa (Cape Town)
India (Bangalore)
Southeast Asia ( )
China (Beijing, Shanghai, Hainan)
Japan (Tokyo)
Singapore, Bandung,
Bangkok, Jakarta, KL
Galaxy Forum Korea 2019 is 90th overall !

17. Galaxy Forum Hainan 2020 – China 11-14 February

18. India Astronomy from the Moon
ISRO former chairman Dr A S Kiran Kumar during the
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Memorial lecture at IIT Madras 14
October 2016: “As a follow-on mission to Astrosat,
discussions are in progress with an international body
regarding setting up of a telescope on the Moon,”
Chandrayaan-2 launching
NET May 2019
Current ISRO Chair
K Sivan

19. India and the ILOA
L-R: Sreekumar of Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Ravi Subrahmanyan of Raman Research
Institute, Professor UR Rao former ISRO Chairman, Steve Durst of ILOA discussing ILO-1 launch
considerations and astronomy from the Moon, as well as India participation in and support for the
ILO-1 Mission at ISRO HQ in Bengaluru India on 1 September 2016

20. Korea, Japan, Russia, Europe
Moon Programs
KARI: Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter
launching 2020, planning robotic
lander 2022
JAXA: SLIM Lander set to launch
to Moon 2021, plans for
SELENE-2, 3 in 2020s and
human lander by 2030
RSA: Robotic missions Luna 25-28
in 2021-29; Lunar base by 2030;
working with Europe & China
ESA: Europe ESA Moon Village
Initiative, Vision of global
cooperation for human outpost
on Moon introduced by Jan
Woerner, ESA Director

21. ALOHA!
For more information about ILOA, contact:
65-1230 Mamalahoa Highway, D-20
Kamuela, HI 96743
Phone 808-885-3474
Fax 808-885-3475
Email info@iloa.org
Web http://www.iloa.org
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